Fire amaqhinga: izindlela ekutholeni kanye nezici

Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda kuholele umbuzo wesayensi, ukutadisha ngokwabo imililo, imithombo yabo, intuthuko nezindlela, amaphethini uma kucishwa umlilo. Isihloko lesi siyalo - umlilo amacebo. Ake ukugxila wakhe imigomo, izinjongo, nezindlela, algorithm, cabanga ifomula eziyisisekelo course.

definition yesiyalo

Fire amacebo - isayensi ukuthi study ukusabalala imililo kanye indlela ukubhekana nazo, ukuthi ukutakula abantu. Isihloko ukucabangela nazi ezimbili - ukuqeqeshwa lamabutho ukucima futhi eqeda oqondile.

Isiqondiso eyinhloko ucwaningo ngaphakathi isiyalo - ukuhlonza amaphethini athile ukulungiselela ngempumelelo wokukucima, inqubo ukucima umlilo nokutakula izisulu. Ngakho, into umlilo qhinga ozokhula izindlela ephumelelayo fast and imililo zokucisha.

Lokhu isiyalo yakhelwe ukuba ahambe ezingeni zesayensi kanye methodological, isenzo umlilo iqembu lamabutho insindiso kanye ukucima umlilo.

Yezinjongo eziyinhloko isiyalo

Fire zokucisha imililo amacebo olandela le migomo elandelayo:

• Lolu cwaningo lwamaphethini ezithile umlilo inchubekelembili.
• Ukujwayelaniswa nge algorithm uba umlilo zokucisha futhi ukufeza ahlobene ukutakulwa.
• Ukuthuthukiswa yezindlela yimpumelelo kakhulu inhlangano iqembu lamabutho umlilo.
• Ukuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa, kokubili Tactical futhi ikhanda ngokwengqondo bonke abathintekayo - futhi iyimfihlo, futhi isiqondiso.

Injongo indalo, indlela

Injongo service umlilo nokunye okufana nakho, kanye nokuthuthukiswa izisekelo lamasu umlilo ukuphepha umlilo izakhamuzi Russian. Lesi sakamuva wehlukaniswa iziqephu ku zokuvimbela umlilo ulwe nabo, futhi ingxenye yakhe yesibili - sokulungiselela isenzo futhi, eqinisweni, ngokubeka umlilo. ku "impi" Umlilo amacebo yakhelwe ukunquma indlela zithwala eyinhloko yemfundo nokuqeqeshwa izicishamlilo esizayo nokulawula izenzo lamabutho ngokuqondile.

Nge indlela lokuvikela umlilo kungaba ajwayelekile ezinhlinzekweni zoMthetho GOST 12.1.004-91. Izindlela zokubhekana ngomlilo, sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi. Okokuqala bajwayelane imigomo eyisisekelo, nesebenzela iyiphi amabhuku okufunda ngesikhathi umlilo amacebo.

amagama Basic yesiyalo

Fire yiliphi omlilo engalawuliwe, esikalini ongatholakala asidlulisela nokulinyazwa kwempahla futhi isongele izimpilo zabantu. Libhekene imingcele yayo ezine eziyinhloko:

• amandla omlilo umfutho;
• esiphelweni endaweni;
• Isivinini esiphelweni komlilo;
• evutha.

Kugcwele umlilo indawo amandla omlilo okukhulu kakhulu. It libhekene okuqhubekayo:

• ukuvela ukushisa, anele ukusekela amandla omlilo;
• uphethiloli supply / uphethiloli;
• Air noma ezinye oxidant ukugeleza.

Kwasendaweni komlilo - kuyindlela ukubhekana naso, okulinganisela endaweni esivuthayo. Ukukholisa - kuba nokuqedwa umlilo, esigabeni sokugcina letawuba ukumisa okuphelele esivuthayo.

Thola bese ukuqeda amacebo ukuvikelwa umlilo ukushisa umthombo kungaba ngezindlela ezimbili - lwaluyophola impahla evutha lokushisa lapho ukuthungela yabo iba izingxenye engenakwenzeka noma sokuhlukanisa esisheshayo. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, sebenzisa ezikhethekile wokukucima ejenti, okuyinto zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu:

• ukupholisa - amanzi noma ezihlukahlukene izixazululo aqueous;
• diluting ketshezi ukusabela komunye nomunye - the atomized amaconsi noma amanzi, umhwamuko, amagesi inert;
• ukuzihlalela kusukela izindawo amandla omlilo - eqeda ekhethekile izimpushana, foams - zamakhemikhali emoyeni-mechanical, sheetings, izimpushana non-ezivuthayo nokunye.

Amaqhinga zeminyango umlilo

Bagcine algorithm ezilandelayo:

1. Reception, kucutshungulwa umbiko ngalesi sigameko.
2. Hlola lamabutho kanye yokunamathela kwayo endaweni komlilo.
3. Ukuhlola yesehlakalo.
4. I eziyinkimbinkimbi imisebenzi okuhloswe ngaso zokucisha umlilo.
5. Khipha ku-isidingo Manpower eyengeziwe kanye nezinsiza.
6. Ukuqedwa ephelele umlilo.
7. I kudingekile imisebenzi ekhethekile.
8. Collection nabasebenza, imishini, ukubuya endaweni ka ukuthunyelwa ebutho lenqaba.

Manje jwayelana ngokuningiliziwe nge amaqhinga, isu kanye umlilo intelligence isiko.

Fire intelligence

Nomlilo intelligence enezinto eziningi izidingo zamandla - ukuhambisana, ukuthembeka, umsebenzi, purposefulness futhi phambili. Phakathi nethimba lakhe kumele enze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi lapho kuncike impumelelo ekucimeni umlilo:

• Thola abantu, ukuhlola ezisongela ukuphila nempilo yawo, kanye ukuhlonza lesifanele abathintekayo indlela yensindiso.
• Ukuze ubone ukuthi kungenzeka ukubonakaliswa yesibili enobungozi umlilo izici.
• Ukunquma izindawo komlilo esikalini, izinto burning, isivinini nelangabi ukusabalala izindlela.
• Thola lapho kunokwenzeka izindawo futhi ukufaka ukuvikelwa umlilo endaweni igugu elithintekile.
• Thola kagesi, ngaphansi kwamandla, ukucacisa kungenzeka nezindlela Ukukhipha zabo kusukela kwamandla.
• Ukwenza ukuhlaziya emfushane isimo izakhiwo, amandla abo futhi ihlala isikhathi eside; ukuhlonza izindawo okungenzeka disassembly zabo noma ukuvulwa.
• Batfola kutsi ngabe amabutho lamabutho efika kahle ubuchwepheshe ukuze enziwe wasendaweni futhi ekucwileni ezikweletini umlilo, uma ucingo idinga ukusekelwa.
• Ukukhetha isiqondiso juqu nezenzo neuropathy izindlela.

Izincwadi ku umlilo amacebo ku "Ukuhlola" eminye lola focus abafundi ngezihloko ezifana nalezi:

• luhlolo izikhala Smoky;
• ukwakhiwa kwesidumbu nezinye ezakhiwe laying imizila ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi;
• izinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezokuphepha ngesikhathi uphenyo.

amacebo umlilo zokucisha

Nge kwasendaweni komlilo main amabutho okuhloswe ngazo ekudaleni UT - izindawo zokucisha. Bahlukene ngokuvumelana nokusebenza kwabo:

• wokukucima;
• Ukuvikelwa;
• ukutakula izisulu, njll

Ukuze ngempumelelo ukuqedela umsebenzi ngaphambi kokufika endaweni sigameko isikaniso, kumelwe ukhethe ilungelo Vector isinyathelo esiwujuqu. Izimiso yokunquma elandelayo:

• Uma kukhona usongo ekuphileni noma impilo isisulu ke focus eyinhloko yomsebenzi oyoba insindiso yabo.
• Uma ukuqhubeka umlilo ingadala ukuqhuma noma phula, amandla abacishimlilo kukhona ligxilile ekuvimbeleni le nhlekelele.
• Uma kukhona ingozi ilangabi esiphelweni ezakhiweni kude futhi izindawo isetshenzwe kubo, isenzo sokuqala ibhizinisi umlilo kumele Ukuvimbela lokhu futhi kungase kushukumise lo olimele umuntu ubuncane umonakalo impahla.
• Uma kungekho usongo ukusabalala umlilo kwezinye izakhiwo, iqembu lamabutho umlilo Ufaka amabutho azo oyinhloko kwasendaweni we imililo okukhulu kakhulu.
• Uma imbozwe isakhiwo umlilo akulona inani ezibonakalayo, kodwa kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi ilangabi uyokwendlala kuze izakhiwo eduze netakhiwo, ikampu ngokuyinhloko enza abantu bavikelekile ezingozini zomlilo lakamuva.

Esifundweni inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela elwa imililo kumelwe uqaphele lokhu okulandelayo:

• Udla izindlela, umsebenzi nge ezahlukene wokukucima ejenti;
• Udla izindlela ezindaweni ezehlukene - zewayini evutha ebusweni, voids zokuphindaphindeka, njll, iziqu ukusuthisa Foam ;.
• izindlela nokubeka hose imigqa;
• izici kanye nemithetho sokuphepha usebenza izikhala Smoky.

Basic Formula umlilo amaqhinga

Ukuze indawo umlilo esiphelweni ukuqagela amafomula esetshenziswa amanani alandelayo:

V _L - ukubaluleka Isivinini komugqa esiphelweni amandla omlilo;

_p t - nesikhathi umlilo;

t _Lock - isikhathi umlilo kwasendaweni;

L _n - indlela siwela emlilweni.

Ngo ifomula ukumela etafuleni ngokuchaza indlela siwela emlilweni phakathi ukuthuthukiswa umlilo.

Ukuze sithole indlela siwela emlilweni ngokusebenzisa etholakalayo umnyango kuvuleka, - L _{DV / n} amagugu isicelo:

L _n - umlilo ngendlela:

L _{ave / DV} - kwelivi isikhawu kusukela maphakathi yokuya lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona ukuthungela kuya mpo;

L _Lane - ibanga ukusuka yiyo eshayeka kanzima ngenxa umlilo odongeni olushintsha ukuma yonke indawo umlilo.

Uma umnyango endaweni umlilo, lapho mithandazo washintsha ekhoneni we elingunxande, isebenzisa ifomula: L _{DV / n} = L _n - L _{ave / DV.}

Uma ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo emnyango kuwukuthi ziyakhula lomlilo endaweni, ukubala ezidingekayo: L _{DV / n} = L _n - L _Lane.

Ifomula kuhlaziywa ejenti umlilo zokucisha

Ukubala inani elidingekayo kwezimali wokukucima amagugu ezilandelayo:

_Mp Q - Inombolo ephelele okokusebenza oyifunayo;

Q _{tr / t} - yokuthi liphansi izinga adingekayo eqeda;

Q _{tr / s} - yokuthi liphansi izinga adingekayo Ukuvikelwa;

S _p - Indawo komlilo;

S _t - endaweni eqeda;

Mina _TR - ukusuthisa izidakamizwa umfutho edingekayo.

N _{t / PTS} - nenani lamadivayisi ngoba eqeda;

N _{z / PTS} - nenani imiphini ukuvikela;

q _stv - ukusetshenziswa into komunye isiqu.

Izincwadi ungahlangana umsebenzi umlilo amaqhinga izinqumo ngokuvumelana amafomula:

• Q = Q _{tr tr / t} + Q _{tr / s;}
• Q _{tr / t n} = S x mina _RP;
• Q _{tr / t} = S _t x mina _RP;
• Q _{tr / z} = S _n x mina _{c / Tp;}
• N _{t / tr stv} = Q _{/ t} / q _PTS;
• N _{z / PTS} = Q _{tr / s} / q _PTS.

Sesihlole isiyalo akuyona kuphela zemfundo, kodwa futhi cishe isicelo umsebenzi mlilo. ifa ngempumelelo umlilo qhinga kuyasiza ngokushesha afeze yesehlakalo ukuhlola ukwakha kulandzelana lokufanele izenzo, ukunciphisa isibalo izisulu futhi umonakalo impahla.