Ngusiphi sakhiwo zomhlaba abazinikezele ethafeni Russian? Ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba kanye nesimo sendawo we Russian Plain

Le ndawo enkulu yamahlathi kusukela Pechora futhi Karelian ehlathini, oki isakazekela band phakathi, okuhlanganisa enkangala okusanhlamvu izinqolobane kanye namadlelo emathafeni - yonke le ndawo - hhayi ukuthi abanye, njengoba plain Russian. Imephu ezweni lethu uqinisekisa ukuthi la mazwe kukhona inqwaba Emadolobheni amakhulu namancane, futhi ngalokho bakhulile le elinabantu abaningi kakhulu.

Russian noma East European Plain wambona umlando eyinkulungwane ezingaphezu kuka yeRussia. Wakhonza njengephayona lesikhathi inkambu izimpi wenkululeko, ke wadabula Tatar-amaMongol, amabutho kukaNapoleon Hitler. Kuyinto kule ethafeni zenzeka izenzakalo ezinkulu wamavukelambuso. Iphinde lidlule ukwakhiwa eziyisisekelo umphakathi sezenhlalo. Futhi kuze kube manje kule ndawo kuyingxenye ebalulekile kwezomnotho eRussia.

geography

East European Plain itholakala kuleyo nsimu enkulu. Endaweni yawo, kuba yesibili kuphela Amazon. izwe lalo iqala evela ogwini oLwandle iBaltic futhi sifinyelele amabanga entabeni Urals, kusukela e-White Sea noLwandle uBarents kuya iCaspian kanye Azov.

Isikhundla ezindawo ka the Russian Plain kuwukuthi likwazi ukufinyelela izilwandle ezimbili.

Engxenyeni enyakatho ntshonalanga yale ndawo kukhawulwe ezintabeni zaseScandinavia. Ngo eningizimu-ntshonalanga nasentshonalanga isifinyelele yokhalo eYurophu Ephakathi kanye Carpathians. Yini enye ezintabeni emngceleni zensimu elalihlala ethafeni Russian? Map ibonisa indawo eseningizimu-mpumalanga eCaucasus, esise-Ural, Mogodzhary - empumalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu yase-Araba Russian uphela phansi esenyakatho YaseCrimea Izintaba e enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea. lonke Lendawo square metres abayizigidi ezine. Lena engaphezu kwemibili futhi inkulungwane isigamu amakhilomitha ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, ayinkulungwane - kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga.

Isikhundla ezindawo ka the Russian Plain kangangokuthi kukhona izindawo zalo ezinkulu ngaphakathi Russian Federation. amazwe Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha zitholakala ezifana eLatvia Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine futhi Moldova, Poland futhi Finland, Bulgaria futhi Romania naseKazakhstan.

impumuzo

On insimu sentaba East European Plain elise, ukuphakama esiphezulu - kusukela kwamamitha angu-200 kuya ku-300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Kukhona elisezansi ne avuzayo kubo nemifula emikhulu. ukuphakama Maximum yasethafeni siyenzeka esifundeni esise-Ural, kanye Bugulma-Veremeevskoy egqumeni. Lapha-ke sifinyelela ezingeni 479 m. Ukuphakama isilinganiso ezingeni insimu yonke ethafeni isezingeni emhlabeni 170 amamitha.

Incazelo kanye ngezigaba izimpawu zangaphandle wokukhululeka wahlanganyela orography. Lona omunye izihloko, okubandakanya geography. Plain Russian ngezizathu, ezichazwe orography, ihlukaniswe amaviyo amathathu - central, enyakatho naseningizimu. Emfanekisweni wokuqala nabo ethafeni isiRashiya, ungabona entabeni ezifana: iVolga, Central isiRashiya, Bugulma-Belebey futhi Jikelele Sirt. Basuke sihlukile kwezinye okuphansi iVolga and Oka-Don elisezansi ngamunye.

Phakathi band

Umfanekiso oqoshiwe Russian Plain e strip esenyakatho ikakhulukazi ephansi. kwezinye izindawo endaweni singly kuphela noma nemiklamo encane zihlakazeke egqumeni elincane. Ohlangothini usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga nasenyakatho-mpumalanga kukhona enye Smolensk naseMoscow, kanye lo Valdai Hills emikhulu yeNyakatho Zone. Ngokusebenzisa izindawo zabo kuyinto nakangaka phakathi kwe-Arctic, North, i-Atlantic, kanye nkinga elingaphakathi Aral-iCaspian umcengezi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kusukela Northern emikhulu kuya uBarents nezilwandle White, kukhona ezinye ukuncishiswa endaweni emathafeni.

Ngekhulu lesithathu, umdweshu eningizimu kukhona elisezansi eziningi. Phakathi kwabo, I Black Sea, iCaspian nabanye. Basuke ahlukaniswe awalethe ongaphakeme (Stavropolskaya Ergeni futhi t. D.).

Ukwahlukanisa izakhiwo zomhlaba

Ngo ungqimba lomhlaba has izindawo ezinkulu kabani imingcele amaphutha ezijulile. Lona izakhiwo zomhlaba. Babetadisha ehlukile isayensi umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Igama layo - ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba. Lokhu isiyalo igxile izakhiwo ezimbili ezinkulu zitholakala uqweqwe eMhlabeni. Le yesikhulumi, kanye ibhande ezihambayo. Eyokuqala yalezi zindawo ezinzile, kokuba surface flat. Platform kakade phansi wabhubhisa izakhiwo eligoqiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe isakhiwo ezimbili ungqimba. Ngakho, ngo-engxenyeni engezansi yesikhulumi base crystalline okuyinto yakhiwa imishini yokusaha izingodo ubudala. Ngenhla lesi sendlalelo kuyinto ikhava sedimentary. Bamba iqhaza lasungulwa wathatha kamuva imali. Ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba inike slabs namabhodi yesikhulumi. Abokuqala kukhona kulezo zindawo lapho isisekelo amanga ngokuphelele ukujula, imbozwe ikhava sedimentary. Solid crystalline izingxenye kuyisisekelo esifanayo, ephakeme ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba. Kukhona ikhava sedimentary. Nokho, akuyona okuqhubekayo kanye ongaphakeme-amandla.

Ngokuphathelene ibhande ezithathekayo, kuba ingxenye side in the uqweqwe, lapho endaweni kuze kube kulesi sikhathi samanje Ngokuqhubeka izinqubo imfundo.

Kususelwa kule ngezigaba, ukuze isakhiwo zomhlaba abazinikezele ethafeni Russian? Yiqiniso, iqembu lokuqala, okungukuthi, ukuba ezisekelweni.

Umlando nesenzakalo

Ngesisekelo Russian Plain kuyinto platform lasendulo. Yingakho ngempumuzo endaweni bahlanganisa ikakhulu elisezansi. Ukwakheka insimu enkulu babefana siwuvumele usithonye, izici eziningi zemvelo. Lokhu umoya, amanzi kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa.

Isisekelo yesikhulumi East European elise ekujuleni ezahlukene. Kuphela phakathi Karelia kanye Peninsula Kola lingena komhlaba. Le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi isihlangu aseBaltic. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso umsuka Hibin ngokufanele eNhlonhlweni Kola. Ngo lonke isisekelo ihlanganisa ikhava sedimentary, okuyinto has a amandla ezahlukene.
Zonke awalethe ezisebusweni East European Plain, bakha emikhombeni yesikhulumi noma ngaphansi kwethonya a yeqhwa, noma Yezwakala isisekelo.

Effect kuhlangana khona izingqimba zomhlaba landscape

plain Russian has a impumuzo platform ejwayelekile. Nge zonke emathafeni yayo futhi izinkalo zinomsuka zomhlaba. Yiziphi izici lokhu yesikhulumi? Ngusiphi sakhiwo zomhlaba abazinikezele ethafeni Russian?

Lonke zensimu ubuswa sezwe flat. Futhi konke sibonga isakhiwo zomhlaba, okuyinto has a platform plain. Zonke semfene isisekelo zaholela ekwakhekeni yezwe elisezansi ngobukhulu futhi ezinye amagquma. Ngokwesibonelo, bakhulise isisekelo Voronezh ombangela Central Russian upland. Wehlise platform kuye kwaholela ukuvela kwezindaba Caves futhi ukucindezeleka iCaspian.

isakhiwo Tectonic we Russian Plain insimu kakhulu ikhombisa Precambrian crystalline ungcwecwe ngengxube isisekelo. zone Wik esisogwini emaphethelweni enyakatho ipuleti umSkithe elele Paleozoic eligoqiwe engaphansi. Lesi sakhiwo linikeza impendulo eqonde kakhulu yombuzo kokuthi ngumuphi isakhiwo zomhlaba yasethafeni ozinikele Russian. Umngcele phakathi amapuleti amabili akuphazamisi sezwe.

Isakhiwo kwezakhi zomhlaba

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umlingisi jikelele zensimu kuyakhanya, impumuzo yakhe kukhona kokubili elisezansi futhi upland. Incazelo lokhu kungatholakala izici zomhlaba we-Russian Plain. Iqiniso lokuthi isakhiwo salo uhlamvu heterogeneous futhi ngokungalingani ukunyakaza wesimanje zemfundo. On ukuhlolisisa kubonakala sengathi yesikhulumi ngemuva ethafeni isiRashiya, inezigaba ezincane. Ziyakwazi:
- amabhodi;
- anteklizy ezimele izindawo isisekelo engajulile;
- syncline izindawo glei engaphansi Precambrian sise ukujula okukhulu.

anteclise

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lezi zinto zitholakala abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-ipuleti Russian. Lona iVolga-Urals futhi Voronezh anticline. Njengengxenye okokuqala kulo bayizinkulungwane ukuphakamisa ezinkulu (vaults) nokucindezeleka. Kulokhu, ukushuba inhlabathi imayelana 800 amamitha.

Insimu Voronezh anticline kancane kancane yehla ngasenyakatho. Uma uyikha phezulu le isisekelo salo umncane e Uhlonze lwalo sebethule carbon, kanye ordovika Devonian. On eyehlelayo emaweni eningizimu yamadwala overlying we Paleogene futhi Cretaceous. Kulapha, ne-carbon.

syneclise

Endala kakhulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi kunto yayo Ukwakheka ndawo Moscow. Lapha, egumbini crystalline kwenzeka ungqimba lomhlaba ekujuleni ezinkulu. Ngesisekelo eMoscow syneclise kukhona aulacogens, zazo zigcwele kwezakhi obukhulu ematsheni. Ngenhla lezi izingqimba cover sedimentary imelelwa amatshe ahlukahlukene kusukela eCambria kuya Cretaceous.

Esikhathini Neogene-eziNgekho ngaPhansi kukaHulumeni eMoscow syneclise zabhekana ukuphakamisa engalingani. Lokhu kwabonakala isimo sezwe, lapho kwakukhona entabeni ezifana Valdai Hills kanye Smolensk-Moscow, kanye elisezansi - Northern Dvina kanye Upper iVolga.

On the East European Plain kungenye syneclise ezinkulu - Pechora. It ithatha indawo yakwa-nesigaxa engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga ye-Plate Russian. block wayo isisekelo engalingani ekujuleni ezahlukene, yafinyelela endaweni wempumalanga kusukela 5000 kuya 6000 amamitha. Ukugcwalisa we syncline kukhona awugqinsi kwezakhi rocks Paleozoic okuyinto kuyendlulela ezifakwa Meso-Cenozoic.

amaminerali

Ngakho, sanquma oda ukuba ithafa isakhiwo zomhlaba abazinikezele isiRashiya, yini umlando wayo wokubalwa kweminyaka ngamadwala. Ngenxa phakathi nenkathi ende yeminyaka lasungulwa, le platform endala kuyinto geostruturu enamandla. Iqukethe izinqolobane ongashi namaminerali. Ngakho, ngo-isisekelo platform wathola idiphozithi yanoma nsimbi. Basuke etholakala zone we eKursk anomaly kazibuthe. Ngo ikhava sedimentary platform wathola amalahle. Batfutfukisa abasengxenyeni esempumalanga ye eDonets Basin kanye eMoscow umcengezi. Ngo Mezozoic futhi Paleozoic zigcine uwoyela negesi. Lona Ural-iVolga umcengezi. Budebuduze Syzran wathola oluthambile. Ekujuleni Russian Plain eziningi zokwakha ezahlukene - .. lime futhi amatshe, ubumba, njll brown limestone, bauxite, usawoti kanye phosphate ezitholakala ikhava sedimentary.

Ukuhlukahlukana izindawo zemvelo

Njengoba vele sesiyazi, Russian Plain itholakala kuleyo nsimu enkulu. Yingakho-ke elinesimo ukwehluka evelele sezulu. esishintshashintshayo Yemvelo yasethafeni Russian okwethulwa ngekwehlukahlukana kwalo. ENyakatho Ekude - emathafeni nemandla ayo ongaphakeme nohlaza abampofu ezikhula Peat humus nenhlabathi. Summer kuphole lezi zitho, nge umswakama high, okwandisa ngenxa budebuduze ne-Arctic Ocean.

Eningizimu ye-ndawo ihlathi emathafeni zone. Okulandelayo zone phakathi Russian Plain. It is ehlanganiswa kwamahlathi. Ngokwengxenye yayo enyakatho ubuswa amnyama ehlathini coniferous, amila boggy nenhlabathi podzolic. Ngaseningizimu kukhona afanayo okuxubile, nese amahlathi lezihlahla oki, Maple futhi Linden.

esishintshashintshayo Yemvelo yasethafeni Russian engxenyeni eseningizimu ehlathini asemaqeleni ethulwa. Lokhu indawo nge evundile, njengoba umthetho, mhlabathi omnyama nezimila herbaceous.

ezweni ayindlala

Ngokwedlulele eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-East European Plain itholakala ukucindezeleka iCaspian. Ngaphansi kwethonya ezomile kwakhiwa lapha semi ehlane endaweni, esisogwini nenhlabathi onsundu. Kwezinye izindawo kukhona ezingwadule. Lokhu indawo ye nenhlabathi grey, usawoti ikhotha nosawoti emaxhaphozini.

isiphetho

Kanjani ngokugcwele futhi Russian ethafeni izifundo ngokuningiliziwe? A itafula lapho izinkomba ezahlukene owethulwa (isakhiwo zomhlaba, izindawo zemvelo, isimo sezulu kanye t. D.) Kufanele kucatjangwe ngako ngekucophelela. Lokhu kuyasiza emangalisayo ezibukwayo ukuthi anganikeza usizo olungenakuqhathaniswa ekuvisiseni nasekukhiciteni ukufunda impahla edingekayo.