Entropy - ke ... Umqondo entropy. entropy Standard

Entropy - igama abaningi abaye bezwa, kodwa bambalwa abayiqondayo. Futhi kufanele sivume ukuthi ngaphambi kokuphela bona okushiwo lesi simanga kunzima ngempela. Nokho, lokhu akufanele ezisesabisayo. Okuningi kwalokho obusizungezile, thina, eqinisweni, zingachazwa lalizishaya. Futhi lapha asikhulumi imayelana bezibona noma ulwazi umuntu othize. Cha Sikhuluma nesigcino ulwazi lwesayensi anawo isintu.

izikhala Serious akhona hhayi kuphela ulwazi enkulu Galactic, isibonelo, ezindabeni izimbobo omnyama futhi Wormholes, kodwa ozungezayo njalo kithi. Ngokwesibonelo, namanje impikiswano mayelana nemvelo ngokomzimba yokukhanya kude kusasebenza. Futhi abangakwazi uwasothe nomqondo isikhathi? nezindaba ezinjalo - ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Kodwa kulesi sihloko ngizobuya ukuchaza entropy. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, ososayensi uhlushwa welithi "entropy". Chemistry yemvelo kuyahambisana ekutadisheni lo mkhuba ongaqondakali. Sizozama ukuthola ukuthi yini waziwe kuze kube sesikhathini sethu.

Isingeniso umqondo e Academia

Umqondo entropy ku Ochwepheshe imvelo wasungula sezibalo abavelele German Rudolf uJulius Emmanuel Clausius. Ngamagama alula, usosayensi wanquma ukuthola ukuthi yini okumele uyenze amandla. Ngamuphi umqondo? Ukuze sicacise leli phuzu, ake ayibhekiseli ucwaningo eziningi nokucabangisisa eziyinkimbinkimbi, izibalo kanye ukuthatha isibonelo zijwayele kithi Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga.

Kufanele ube wazi kahle ukuthi uma ukushaja, bathi, iselula ibhethri ephathekayo, ubungako bamandla zanqwabelana amabhethri buzoba buncane empeleni wathola kunethiwekhi. Kukhona ukulahleka ezithile. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke thina asetshenziselwa ke. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi ukulahleka olunje kwezinye izinhlelo avaliwe. Ukuze zezibalo, izazi zesayensi, lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu. Ucwaningo lolu daba futhi wasebenza Rudolf Clausius.

Ngenxa yalokho, waletha iqiniso prelyubopytny. Uma thina, futhi, susa amagama ayinkimbinkimbi, kuzosho ukuthi entropy - umehluko phakathi ekahle futhi inqubo yangempela.

Cabanga ukuthi ungumnikazi wesitolo. Futhi uthola for ukugcwaliseka 100 khilogremu ubhamubhamu izindleko 10 mnt ngayinye kg. Ukubeka uphawu 2 Tug phezu pound, ozoyithola ukudayiswa 1200 mnt uyonika lemali posited umphakeli futhi ushiye ngokwakho inzuzo ezingamakhulu amabili mnt.

Ngakho, kwaba incazelo ephelele yenqubo. Futhi iyiphi marketer uyazi, ngaleso sikhathi, ngithengise baliklasi lonkhe ubhamubhamu, bayoba nesikhathi zome ngamaphesenti angu-15. A 20 per cent futhi ingabe ukubola, futhi baye nje ukwesulwa. Kodwa lena yinqubo yangempela.

Ngakho, umqondo entropy, okuyinto kwangenisa endaweni zezibalo, uRudolf Clausius, ichazwa ngokuthi ubuhlobo uhlelo lapho ukwanda entropy incike lokushisa isihlobo uhlelo ukubaluleka zero ngokuphelele. Empeleni, kubonisa ukubaluleka imfucuza (elahlekile) amandla.

Inkomba alinganise nezinxushunxushu

Namanje kungenzeka ukwabelana ezinye zezinkolelo baphikisa ngokuthi entropy - isilinganiso esiphithiphithini. Okusho ukuthi, uma sithatha isibonelo izinhlelo avaliwe ngokuvamile Igumbi umfundi bahlanza ku imifaniswano indawo kuyodingeka bagcwele kwezinye entropy. Kodwa ukubaluleka kwayo kulesi simo incane. Kodwa uma ngaphezu ahlakaze amathoyizi, ukuletha popcorn kusuka ekhishini (Yiqiniso, umonakalo kancane) bese ushiye lokudlela etafuleni zonke izincwadi, ama-entropy kohlelo (futhi kule ndaba - egumbini) uyovuka ngqo.

kuyindaba enzima

Entropy daba - nzima kakhulu ukuchaza inqubo. Ososayensi abaningi phezu leminyaka elidlule kuye kwaba nesandla ekutadisheni lo mshini umsebenzi walo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo entropy isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela mathematics ne-physics. Futhi indawo okufanele ku-chemistry. Ezinye izingcweti ukuyisebenzisa ukuze achaze ngisho izinqubo ngokwengqondo lezokuphathwa kwabantu kuphela. Ake sibone umehluko kumagama izazi sesayensi yemvelo ezintathu. Ngamunye wabo wembula entropy, ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi inhlanganisela yabo kuyosisiza ukulidonsa isithombe anokuhambisana ngaphezulu.

Ukuvunyelwa Clausius

Ayikwazi ushintsho kusukela ukushisa komzimba kusuka lokushisa emzimbeni ephansi kuya ephakeme.

Qinisekisa le postulate ilula. Awusoze uze ukwazi izandla abandayo kulungele, uthi, eqandisiwe puppy kancane njengoba ubungeke uthande ukuba ayisize. Ngakho kufanele unamathele esifubeni sakhe, lapho izinga lokushisa ophakeme kunalowo okwamanje.

Ukuvunyelwa Thomson

Ngeke ukucubungula umphumela elaliyoba ngokuphelele umsebenzi ngenxa yokushisa, othathwe omunye emizimbeni.

Futhi uma ngempela bamane, kusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ngokwenyama ukwakha ngokunyakaza umshini ephakade. Musa ukuvumela entropy irherho le-closed.

Boltzmann Adoption

Entropy ayikwazi ehle irherho le-closed, okungukuthi, lezo ungatholi zangaphandle amandla ashona.

Lokhu ekwakhiweni ikunikinele ukholo lwalabo eziningi zemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, futhi baphoqwa ukuba icabangisise khona yonke woMdali ohlakaniphile. Kungani?

Ngoba ezenzakalelayo ku irherho le-closed, entropy kwandisa njalo. Ngakho, zaba zimbi ngu nezinxushunxushu. Sondeza ke kungaba ngenxa zangaphandle amandla ashona. Futhi lo mthetho, esiyibonayo nsuku zonke. Uma ungenalo banakekele ingadi, indlu, imoto, nokunye. E., Bamane zonakale.

Ngo megamasshtabah umkhathi wethu - futhi irherho le-closed. Futhi ososayensi baye baphetha ngokuthi ukuba khona kwethu kakhulu kufanele ibonise yokuthi endaweni ethile kukhona la mandla zangaphandle ashona. Ngakho-ke akumangalisi namuhla ukuthi akhona kholelwa kuNkulunkulu njengawo.

umcibisholo kwesikhathi

Omunye umfanekiso elihlakaniphile kakhulu entropy kungenziwa imelelwa umcibisholo isikhathi. Okungukuthi, entropy kubonisa lapho isiqondiso izoya inqubo emzimbeni.

Ngempela, cishe ukuzwa ukuxoshwa wensimu, uyoba alindele ukuthi indawo lapho wakubangela, kungaba esinembile futhi uzilungise. Vele okuphambene - uma ungenawo ukuqasha kwesinye isisebenzi, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngisho engadini enhle kakhulu ukuza incithakalo.

Entropy kwamakhemikhali

Ngo isiyalo "Chemistry" Entropy kuyinto kuyinkomba ebaluleke. Kwezinye izimo, inani layo kuthinta zamakhemikhali.

Ongakawuboni yesehlakalo kusukela ifilimu lapho zinhlamvu ngokunembile idluliselwe isitsha nitroglycerin, owesaba okufanele kumkhathaze ekuqhumeni budedengu ukunyakaza abukhali? Kwakuyisikhathi insiza-kufundisa ukuze isimiso entropy e zamakhemikhali. Uma sibalo wakhe izikhathi eziningana zafinyelela eqophelweni elibucayi, kuyoba ukusabela uqalise, okwaphumela ukuqhuma.

Lesi sifo ukuze

Ngokuvamile baphikisa ngokuthi entropy - yisifiso nezinxushunxushu. Empeleni igama elithi "entropy" kusho ukuphendukela noma ligijima. Sesivele baye bathi inayo ephawula senzo. Very interesting kulo mongo, the entropy igesi. Ake sizame ukubona ngengqondo kwenzeka kanjani.

Thatha irherho le-closed ehlanganisa iziqukathi ezimbili exhunyiwe, ngamunye okuyinto igesi. Ingcindezi ku iziqukathi baze bangabe besaba namandla uvalwe oxhumene wayehlukile. Cabanga ngalokho okwenzeka ezingeni yamangqamuzana, lapho zifakwa ndawonye.

Isixuku zishintshe bacindezeleke Ngaphezu kwalokho, ube esephuthunyiswa nabafowabo, owaphila kwaze kwaba yilapho ngokukhululekile ngempela. Kanjeyana they kwandise ingcindezi lapho. Lokhu kungenziwa kuqhathaniswa indlela wachela amanzi egumbini lokugezela. Wawelela uhlangothi, ngokushesha odlula kuya komunye. Ngokufanayo, i-molecule yethu. Futhi zethu ngokuphelele angawodwa ethonyeni zangaphandle, bona lizokhuphuka ohlelweni nje hhayi ukusungula lwakwazi ukulinganisela lonke ivolumu. Futhi-ke, lapho azungeze i-molecule ngamunye kuzoba isikhala efanayo njengoba angomakhelwane nabo bonke abanye. Futhi kuyoba entropy eliphakeme kwamakhemikhali. Rotations kanye kugucuka kwakhawuka.

entropy Standard

Ososayensi baye akayikhohliwe imizamo yabo ukuhlela bese ahlukanisa ngisho lokudlela. Ngenxa ukubaluleka entropy luncike sebuningini izimo ezihlobene, igama elithi "entropy ejwayelekile" laqanjwa. Amanani kwalamazinga ifinyeziwe itafula ekhethekile, ukuze ungakwazi kalula ukwenza izibalo nokuxazulula imisebenzi ehlukahlukene isicelo.

Amanani Okuzenzakalelayo at entropy ejwayelekile ucabangela nemibandela ingcindezi elilodwa umkhathi lokushisa elingu-25 Degrees Celsius. Njengoba izinga lokushisa kwandisa izinga kwandisa.

EMAKHODI Ciphers

Kukhona ulwazi entropy. It iklanyelwe ukukusiza e ngekhodi imiyalezo efihlekile. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa entropy - kuyinto ematfuba Imininingwane nokubikezela. Futhi uma imigomo silula, kuba ukuthi kulula kanjani kuyoba ukwambula cipher ayezifunda.

Isebenza kanjani? Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala sengathi, ngaphandle Nokho noma iyiphi idatha umthombo ukuqonda umlayezo oyimfihlo akukwazi. Kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso. Lapha iza amathuba.

Cabanga ikhasi nge umlayezo ngekhodi. Uyazi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa isiRashiya, kodwa abalingiswa nhlobo. Kuphi ukuqala? Cabanga: yini ematfuba ukuthi incwadi uzohlangana kuleli khasi "b"? Futhi ithuba bazithole uhlamvu "o"? System, uyaqonda. Kubalwa izinhlamvu ukuthi kukhona ezivamile (futhi mancane kakhulu amathuba okuba - kuba njalo kuyinkomba ebaluleke), futhi uma kuqhathaniswa izici of ulimi yabhalwa umyalezo lapho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona njalo, futhi kwezinye izilimi futhi inhlanganisela esitebeleni izinhlamvu. Lolu lwazi liyasetshenziswa ukuze ususe okufakwe kwindawo. By endleleni, le ndlela isetshenziswa edumile Sherlock Holmes indaba "The Adventure uhlelo lwe-Men Ukudansa". Ngendlela efanayo ukuphula amakhodi ngokuhamba-kuze kube seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.

Futhi entropy Imininingwane senzelwe ukwandisa nokwethenjelwa esephepheni. Ngenxa amafomula etholakala Mathematics kungaba sihlole futhi sithuthukise izinketho shifrovschikami ezihlongozwayo.

Ukuxhumana esimnyama

Theory okuyinto kuphela elinde liqinisekiswe, abaningi. Omunye wabo uyalandisa lo mkhuba entropy nge esanda kutholakala wathola -matter emnyama. Lithi amandla akulahlekele omane ibe ebumnyameni. Izazi zezinkanyezi lokucabanga ukuthi umkhathi wethu amaphesenti 4 kuphela asehlele ndaba njengoba sisazi. Futhi ezinye 96 amaphesenti baqashwe nhlobo okwamanje - ebumnyameni.

isiqu esinjalo azithola ngenxa yokuthi awusebenzi uxhumana emisebeni kagesi futhi likhipha ke (njengoba zonke ezaziwayo kuze kube yileso sikhathi izinto zihambe kahle endaweni yonke). Futhi-ke, ngalesi komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane yokutadisha isayensi esimnyama futhi izakhiwo zalo akunakwenzeka.