Ekhululekile Graphic Ubuciko ezincwadini

Njengoba omunye ubuciko, izincwadi has zayo siqu amasu kwezobuciko, esekelwe amathuba ulimi nendlela yokukhuluma. Basuke bebonke ukubizwa ngokuthi elithi "kusho ukumelwa izincwadi." Inhloso yalezi izimali - kakhulu umxhwele ukuchaza lubonisa ngokoqobo futhi ukudlulisela incazelo, umbono bokubeka umsebenzi, kanye ukudala isimo esithile.

Trail izibalo

izindlela ekhululekile-engokomfanekiso ulimi - ezihlukahlukene emizileni izifenqo. Igama elithi "imizila" ngesiGreki lisho "yokuvukela" okungukuthi, lena eminye Isisho noma igama lisetshenziswa ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Imikhondo kokubili izindlela achazayo futhi ekhululekile izincwadi umbhali usebenzisa esinye isithombe. Epithets, tifanisongco, personifications, ihaba namanye amacebo kwezobuciko ezihlobene emizileni. Izifenqo - inkulumo iphendula, yokugcizelela ithoni ngokomzwelo umsebenzi. Upholavuthondaba, epiphora, kombhala, nabanye abaningi - luyindlela ukumelwa izincwadi eziphathelene the reception wesitayela ngaphansi kwegama jikelele "isifenqo esithi". Manje sibheke kubo kabanzi.

epithets

Okuvame kakhulu yokubhala - ukusetshenziswa epithets, ukuthi emise, ngokuvamile ehilela amazwi, picturesquely esachazwa echaza into. Epithets esibathola temdzabu ( "honours wedili", "umnyango wezezimali abaningi igolide" e nendumezulu "Sadko") nemisebenzi kombhali (umsindo 'baqaphe futhi zomile "izithelo esiwile e inkondlo Mandelstam sika). I epithet bayaxoxa, isithombe ngokomzwelo futhi licace, adalwe amazwi umculi.

izingathekiso

Igama elithi "Isingathekiso esithi" beza kithi kusukela ngolimi lwesiGreki, kanye ekubizweni iningi tropes. Ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "incazelo ongokomfanekiso." Uma umlobi lifanisa iconsi amazolo wokusanhlamvu idayimane, futhi kweqembu ebomvu Rowan umlilo, bese sikhuluma singathekiso.

tiga tenkhulumo

ulimi Very interesting ezibukwayo kusho - tiga tenkhulumo. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini - ekuqambeni kabusha. Kulokhu, igama into ludluliselwa kwesinye, futhi azalwe indlela entsha. Iphupho elikhulu zigcwaliseka sikaPeter Omkhulu kuzo zonke amafulegi kuyoba "ukusivakashela" kusukela Pushkin sika "lethusi wehhashi" - kuyinto isibonelo tiga tenkhulumo. Igama elithi "amafulegi" kuleli cala ubuyisela welithi "izwe, isimo." Tiga tenkhulumo kalula asetshenziswe abezindaba futhi ingxoxo, "White House", isibonelo, igama akuyona isakhiwo, futhi izakhamuzi zakhona. Lapho sithi "Sekudlule amazinyo", sisho ukuthi amazinyo wanyamalala.

Synecdoche translation - isilinganiso. Lokhu kubuye ukudluliselwa value, kodwa kuphela ngobuningi balokho okunikelwayo, "German iyiswe kuhlasela" (okusho ukuthi regiments German), "hhayi lapha izimpukane inyoni ingahambi lapha isilo" (Lokhu, yebo, nezilwane eziningi nezinyoni).

oxymoron

izindlela lwetinongo-ekhululekile kwezincwadi - kuba njalo oxymoron. sibalo kwesitayela, okungase zingaphenduka iphutha wesitayela - inyunyana akuhambisani, ukuhumusha ngokwezwi nezwi igama lesiGreki kuzwakala "elihlakaniphile-seziphukuphuku." Izibonelo i oxymoron - amagama ezincwadi owaziwa "Zezıhlabane Snow", "Virgin Soil sokutakula" noma "Abaphilayo Corpse".

Ukuqhathanisa parcelling

Ngokuvamile, njengoba amasu olucacile olusetshenziswe impindamqondo (ukusetshenziswa ngamabomu le-syntax ezifanayo imigqa eduze nemisho) kanye parceling (division imishwana ku amazwi olulodwa). Isibonelo lokuthola wokuqala encwadini kaSolomoni: ". Le isikhathi sokulila, lesikhathi ukudansa" Isibonelo sesibili:

• "Ngizofika. Futhi oya kuzo. Singabantu nawe endleleni.
  Mina uzothola. Wena - ngeke uthole. Uma uya ukuba angalandeli. "

kombhala

Yiziphi izindlela yokukhuluma enkulumweni kwezobuciko bangahlangana futhi? Kombhala. Igama elithi lisuselwa egameni lesi Latin elihunyushwe ngokuthi "transposition, kombhala '. Esikhathini izincwadi, ephambene ibizwa ngokuthi permutation kwamagama noma izingxenye imisho ngenqubo evamile ye-oda emuva. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isitatimende kwakubonakala ephawulekayo okuhlabayo noma ezimibalabala: "Lo ukubhekakade zabantu bakithi!", "The Age of crazy, Spacey."

Ihaba. Litotes. indida

Ekhululekile Graphic Ubuciko ezincwadini - lokhu ihaba, litotes, indida. I lokuqala nelesibili ihlukaniswa njengoba ihaba, kweswela. Ihaba kungenziwa ngokuthi incazelo iqhawe Mikuly Selyaninovicha, ngubani ngesandla esisodwa "povydernul" alime emhlabathini, okuyinto wonke "Horobrih druzhinushka" iVolga Svyatoslavich ayikwazanga ukuwushintsha. Litotes, kunalokho, kwenza isithombe aweve encane uma inja miniature kuthiwa "hhayi imfimbolo." Indida enkulu iwukuthi ngokoqobo umsindo elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ungumkhohlisi" yakhelwe ukubiza into akunjalo, njengoba kubonakala. Kuyinto ihlaya ezicashile lapho ngokwezwi nezwi lisho zazifihlwa ngaphansi isitatimende okuphambene. Ngokwesibonelo, nansi inkomba kuyindida ukuthi indoda kubophane ulimi, "Yini, Cicero, amagama amabili akukwazi ukuhlanganisa?" Kuyahlekisa umqondo isikhalazo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi Cicero kwaba eyiqaphuqaphu okukhulu.

Ukuzenza ongeyena futhi ukuqhathanisa

izindlela Scenic uqhathaniswa nokuzenza ongeyena. La mathuluzi ezibukwayo ukudala izincwadi ekhethekile, izinkondlo, okuthanda erudition yomfundi kwamasiko. Ukuqhathanisa - evamise esetshenziswa su uma eqhwa ezingqubuzanayo ezaziyaluzisa vortex e ifasitelana uqhathaniswa, isib, nge uswebezane omiyane, indiza ukukhanya (Pasternak). Noma, njengoba nje uJosefa Brodsky, uklebe enamaphiko endiza emazulwini "njengoba ezobuyisa impande." Lapho ngokuzenza nezinto ezingaphili ibe intando umculi izakhiwo "bukhoma". Lokhu "ukuphefumula izimbiza" kusukela lapho "iba lesikhumba jacket efudumele," Yevtushenko noma encane "klenenochek" Yesenin, ngubani "ncela" "oluhlaza umbele" omdala esihlahleni eduze lapho akhulela khona. Futhi khumbula Pasternak isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa ukuthi "sculpts" ku window "imibuthano nakwesokudla!"

Pun. Ukushiyana kwezidalwa. upholavuthondaba

Phakathi izibalo wesitayela kungaba sibala Pun, ukushiyana kwezidalwa, bokungafani.

Pun, isiFulentshi umsuka eside kuhilela ekhuluma nezincazelo elihlakaniphile ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ihlaya, "wasedonsa idandili lakhe waya azenza imvunulo Chipollino".

Ukuthweswa iziqu - isitatimende imigomo eyohlobo ukwanda noma ukwehla umfutho wabo ngokomzwelo: weza, wabona, bathatha ngodlí.

Upholavuthondaba - indlela lokhu okuhluke ngayo emangalisa phakathi ibukhali njengenkemba e "Little Kwezinsizi" Pushkin lapho azichazayo etafuleni, lapho esanda ngedili, futhi manje kuwufanele lomngcwabo. Ukuthola upholavuthondaba icacisa umqondo belusizi ehilela of elandisayo.

Nazi izindlela main yokukhuluma, okuyinto umdwebi usebenzisa ukunikeza abafundi bayo umbukwane, impumuzo kanye nezwe egqamile amazwi.