Democritus: Biography, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, okwatholwa kwezesayensi

Ithakazelisa kakhulu Biography of Democritus. Amazwibela yomsebenzi wakhe Kuyathakazelisa lokungekho ngephansi. Uma abangalazi labo ngqondongqondo, sinikeza wena ukukwenza. Democritus - Isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki, ogama neminyaka yokuphila - kusukela cishe ngo-460 kuya ku-360 BC. e. Waziwa kakhulu ngokuba umsunguli we theory atomistic. Ngokusho Democritus, kuphela yize ama-athomu ezikhona emhlabeni.

atomism ka Democritus

Atoms - izakhi impahla indivisible ( "lilolonge" umzimba Jomethri) ungenakonakala, okungenakubhubhiseka, okuphakade. Ahluke ubukhulu, isimo yize fomu. Athomu ukuhambisa bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene. Ngenxa yalaba ukunyakaza akhiwa njengoba imihlaba eziningi, futhi umzimba ehlukile. Atoms ngoba abantu ongabonakali, kodwa kuthinta sisangulukile, kanjalo ibangela isasasa. Kepha thina asiyikuzibonga ngaphezu ukuhlala kulokhu ngokuningiliziwe, njengoba ngaphambili - Biography of Democritus. Mayelana physics ingafundwa ngokuhlukile; Uma unesithakazelo kuyo - thola ulwazi namuhla akunzima. Sinikeza ukuhlangabezana manje yena sefilosofi.

Lapho Democritus wazalwa?

Sicabanga ukuthi biography ezithakazelisayo Democritus iqala ngo-460 BC. e. Nakuba endulo Ludzaba lolubucayi kwaba usuku lokuzalwa wesazi sefilosofi. Ngokusho Apollodorus, wazalwa ngo-460 noma 457 BC. e. Nokho Thrasyllus, okuyinto umshicileli yemibhalo lokhu sefilosofi, saveza umbono ohlukile. Wayekholelwa ukuthi Democritus wazalwa ngo-470 BC. e. Lo mbuzo namanje evulekile.

Ezemfundo & Travel

Baningi amnyama kwesokunxele Biography of Democritus emfushane okuqukethwe umsebenzi esithakazelisayo futhi namuhla (lokho edabukisayo ukuthi okwangempela zazifile!) Lo sefilosofi kusukela lomkhaya ocebile. Ngokwe-legend wadluliselwa uDiogenes Laertes, wafunda lamaKhaladiya Izanusi yini, kunikelwe ngayo ngu-Ahashiveroshi, inkosi yasePheresiya, uyise. isipho esinjalo-Ahashiveroshi kusolakala wenza kuye lokuthi ubenethemba ekudleni ibutho yasePheresiya, edabula yaseThrace. Democritus wachitha ifa ocebile kwesokunxele ukufa kukayise, ukuhamba. Wayekade eBhabhiloni nasePheresiya, Egypt naseNdiya. Esikhathini esithile sefilosofi futhi wahlala e-Athens, lapho ubehambele khona-incognito USocrates. Kungenzeka ukuthi Anaxagoras futhi Democritus wahlangana. Umlando wakhe ugcwele ezihlukahlukene ezicatshangwayo, kodwa ungakhohlwa mayelana nendlela eside waphila sefilosofi. Lokuphinda indlela yokuphila kwabaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe, kunzima kakhulu.

ukuziphatha Democritus

imininingwane eminingi ethakazelisayo biography egcwele Democritus. Ezithakazelisa kakhulu, mhlawumbe, kungenxa indlela yalo yokuphila. Ukuziphatha lokhu sefilosofi abaningi ayephila nabo kwakubonakala engaqondakali. Democritus ngokuvamile kwesokunxele ngaphandle komuzi. Ukuze ukubaleka okumatasa komuzi, waya emathuneni. Lapha sefilosofi sokuzindla. Democritus ngokuvamile liqhumise wahleka kwesizathu: zonke izindaba zesintu okwabonakala kuye kumnandi ku isizinda ukuze izwe. Ngenxa yalesi sici, lesi sazi ngisho wathola isidlaliso "laughing sefilosofi". Izakhamuzi eziningi babembheka uhlanya. Baze ababemenyelwe UHippocrates, udokotela odumile, luhlolo yakhe. Empeleni, Nokho wahlangana sefilosofi, wakhipha isinqumo sokuthi kuba okunempilo ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wagomela ngokuthi omunye wabantu ezihlakaniphile kakhulu naye wayeke akhulume - ke Democritus.

Umlando wakhe iphazamisekile cishe 370 BC. e., lapho sazi wafa. Ngakho, lokho akwenza nesizathu mayelana eyikhulu.

Synthesis izikole ezintathu

Kukholakala ukuthi nethonya elikhulu kakhulu lokhu sefilosofi kwadingeka atomist Leucippus. Nokho, njengoba nesenzakalo jikelele izimfundiso atomistic nefilosofi ehlanganisa imithetho yokuziphatha, Psychology, epistemology Cosmology yemvelo, okungukuthi uxhumano nomsebenzisi Democritus. imfundiso yaKhe zamagama izinkinga ezikoleni ezintathu eGrisi: Pythagorean, Eleatic futhi Milesian. It zashiya izibazi, futhi ifilosofi kwamanye amazwe, okuyinto wavakashela Democritus. Umlando wakhe, njengoba ungase ukhumbule, lihlotshaniswa eziningi zokuhamba.

Works of Democritus

Kukholakala ukuthi Demokrit kwentiwe phezu izingoma ezingu 70. Izihloko imisebenzi kuholela Diogen Laertsky. Umcabangi udumo zabhalwa imisebenzi ye-physics, izimiso zokuziphatha, izincwadi nolimi, Tibalo kanye nebudlelwane lobukhona isicelo wesayensi, kuhlanganise imithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Democritus ngisho kubhekwe umdali "wamaKhaledi Book" futhi "Ngo imibhalo engcwele eBhabhiloni" (e-"wamaKhaledi" inganekwane elihlobene ne-travel nemfundo wesazi sefilosofi).

Nobuhle nohlamvu imisebenzi

Democritus endulo wayengaziwa nje kuphela yezimfundiso zakhe ukujula, kodwa futhi ngenxa ubuhle isitayela imisebenzi. ongqondongqondo abaningi baye baphawula lokhu, kuhlanganise Cicero, Timon ka Phlius futhi Dionisiya Galikarnasskogo. THATHA isitayela Democritus kwakuyilawa: sifanamsindvo, inhlangano komqondo amabinzana, dlala, neologisms, sifanankhamisa, bekholelwa upholavuthondaba yobuciko: "yize" futhi "ama-athomu", "microcosm-umuntu" nelithi "macrocosm-yonke", nabanye.

Of kwama-athomu nezinhlayiyana sikhala kakade siye elandiswe ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko. Yiziphi ezinye izinto ezithakazelisayo ungafunda zefilosofi ezifana Democritus? Umlando wakhe ephawulwe futhi isebenza ngezimiso zokuhle, okuyinto phambili physics athomu lesi sazi.

izimiso zokuhle Democritus

Njengoba i-athomu, umuntu - khona siyaludinga. Abantu aba-bajabula kakhulu, kwaba yilapho zivaliwe ngokwabo. Democritus waqamba ukuveza ukuqonda injabulo eziningana imigomo: "inhlalakahle", 'abanandaba "," ukuthula "," isibindi "futhi wasebenzisa imigomo yendabuko -" ijubane kulinganiswa "futhi" ngokuvumelana. " Evtyumiya - umqondo ephakathi ye izimiso lesi sazi. Waze enikelwe incwadi ehlukile Democritus. Imfundiso evtyumii -blagodushii - ngenxa yokugxekwa nje okungatheni okufakazela le nkolelo inganekwane sazi e ukudalelwa futhi nezinkolo zendabuko. Inani lale eside lihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko umqondo izinyathelo. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu kufanele egcina ngokwakha komzimba nenjabulo. Democritus babekholelwa ukuthi evtyumiya kuwumphumela ukuphila engaguquki nezinjabulo ngokulinganisela. Indoda ehlakaniphile uyajabula ngokuthi has alunamhawu udumo nengcebo yabanye. Yena izimisele ibhizinisi semthethweni futhi engenzeleli.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi izinsalela Democritus, esekhona, sihlobana izimiso zokuhle. Nokho, namuhla kuya kuba nzima ukuba yahlulele degree of nokunemba izitatimende adlulisele amazwi akhe.

izethulo cosmogonic

Zisekelwe nomqondo Democritus ukuba khona imihlaba eminingi endaweni yonke. Ngaye, isikhathi ayinakho ekuqaleni, ngoba kusho ushintsho ekuphileni, okwenzekayo kuze kube phakade. Umzimba womuntu ufaniswa ngu Democritus Isikhala bembiza sekuba yinto enkulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ebukhoneni bonkulunkulu neyaziwayo lesi sazi, kodwa ngendlela engavamile neze. Ngaye, zingabantu ama-athomu compounds umlilo. Democritus inqatshelwe ukungafi onkulunkulu.

Uyini umphefumulo ngokuvumelana Democritus?

Isazi sefilosofi wacabanga umphefumulo ngesimo athomu. Kuyinto lokhu athomu, njengoba ayecabanga, uchaza izici ezihlukahlukene zokuphila engqondo. The main wabo - ukunyakaza. Ikhiqiza traffic umphefumulo ngokwayo kumelwe abe ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla. Ngenxa yalokho, kumelwe sibe ngohlobo zomlilo nxazonke zakhe ama-athomu. Ukucabanga - nayo ihamba. Futhi lapho esiwuphefumulayo nge emoyeni sithola ama-athomu entsha somlilo ukususwa wachitha ama-athomu imiphefumulo yethu. Yingakho ekunqanyulweni yale nqubo siholela ekufeni. Soul, wacabanga Democritus - eziphawuleka kakhulu umuntu. Weluleka ukuba unakekele lokuqala zonke ngaye, hhayi emzimbeni. Isazi sefilosofi ayekholelwa ukuthi zonke izinto akhulumayo. Ukugcwalisa umhlaba wonke umphefumulo unkulunkulu. Nokho, kungaphansi kwemithetho mechanical, futhi akahlukile qualitatively kusuka khona impahla.

aesthetics Democritus

Kuyo isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki lasendulo, ngokusobala, umugqa wokuqala imakwe phakathi ezidinga khona kuphela amakhono yobuciko isicelo kanye nomsebenzi wobuciko, okuyinto akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ugqozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le izimiso Democritus bahlakulele imfundiso bangangenwa yilesi sifo wokuthinta (ataraxia).

Manje ungakwazi ukukhuluma ngubani Democritus. Biography emfushane futhi lokho akuthola ikhono nentshisekelo cishe wonke umuntu, ngakho ke sicela wenze kanjalo. Ngiqinisekile eziningi abangane bakho, izihlobo nabangane Angazi ukuthi uyazi. Biography of Democritus, amaqiniso kocwaningo kanye nokwaziswa ezithakazelisayo ngaye - konke lokhu zibe khona kungaxoxwa ngazo isikhathi eside.