"Daghestan" - umkhumbi Project 11661 we iCaspian weqembu lemikhumbi. Izithombe kwezikhali missile umkhumbi "Dagestan"

Eminyakeni yamuva nje babone kancane, kodwa namanje kweqiniso ukuze uphume ngoxhaxha emgodini ojulile lapho Navy ubonakele ngemva kokuwa wase-USSR. Ikakhulukazi, ngokokuqala ngqa eminyakeni eminingi, amanzi aqala wehlise ngempela imikhumbi entsha ngempela, walakha ku Russian Federation. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, kuba Corvette "Dagestan". Umkhumbi kakade iye yazuza notoriety eside, ngempumelelo ukudubula cruise ezicitshwayo at elisekela kwamaphekula e-Aramu. Usesho kanjani, wadala futhi "Dagestan", nezinye imikhumbi 11661 phrojekthi?

Qala yentuthuko

Emuva ngo-1980 ekuseni, kwabonakala sengathi izwe ngokuphuthumayo udinga inombolo ngokwanele ezinkulu zezimoto senzelwe lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela ogwini. imikhumbi okusha kwakuyoba esikhundleni bokobana kwiphrojekthi 1124. Isidingo imodeli entsha sekukhona ngenxa yokuthi imikhumbi patrol yephrojekthi 11540 aqala 'ukukhuthaza "ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinkulu. Ikakhulu, amathuluzi asetshenziswayo ahlelile bonyana uzakuthumela esikhundleni kakade iye kwadingeka isikhathi abe iphrojekthi akusebenzi e 1135.

Abantu Abadala Abavuthiwe sokuthuthukiswa umklami abanolwazi esimisiwe Yu. A. Nikolskogo ke VN Kashkina abaye bazibonakalisa kakade ngokwabo ukuba emihle, ngisebenza Zelenodolsk Shipyard. Kuyinto sibonga umsebenzi wabo, futhi kwakukhona umkhumbi rocket "Dagestan".

nezidingo zamakhasimende

Amakhasimende ka-Navy ngokushesha yafuna ukuthi sonar ezahlanganiswa naleli design. Ngenxa yalokhu ukufuduka kwadingeka ukuba lenyuke ngokushesha izimpahla ezingamathani angu-2,000, owanikhipha inkantolo esivezwa kuphrojekthi 12441. "yokuncintisana" Nokho, lezi mikhumbi yayingamamitha Missiles namandla kakhulu kanye nesigcawu ezinophephela emhlane anti-ngwenya, ukuze ukusebenzisa kwakhe unogada aphume umbuzo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo owenza umkhumbi patrol "Dagestan", nakuba akusiyo izikhali njengoba enamandla, ezikwazi futhi fast.

kwaba kanjani ukwakhiwa

ukwakhiwa nalehleliwe ubuchwepheshe obusha kwakuyisiqalo 90s. Kwenzekani uma sifika leso sikhathi, esikwaziyo kakade. Ngakho, ekupheleni konyaka 90 lenziwe iwuhlelo, ebizwa nge "Petrel", kodwa ngemva kwezenzakalo ukwakhiwa yayo ngezimali iye ngqo nemibandela. Kakade 1995 abasezimweni ezingezinhle "Petrel" mothballed, futhi kuphela ezimbalwa - wagcina adiliza laqaqwa.

Ukuze umkhumbi kuhlelwe project efanayo lakhiwa ngo-1993, senzelwe izidingo Indian VFM, kodwa efanayo 1995, imali senzelwe ukwakhiwa yayo, "ngokuphazima kweso" zinyamalale. Kuze kube manje, bonke ndawonye sazama sithole ukuthi kwenzekani, futhi kwenzekani ku-imali ukuthengwa amaNdiya wenqaba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imali wakwazi ukuthola Yakha umkhumbi futhi waba "Tatarstan".

Ngo-2003, waba iwuhlelo olusemthethweni iCaspian weqembu lemikhumbi. Lapho-ke bavele ngaphambi kwethu "Dagestan"? Lo mkhumbi ekuqaleni sibekwa okufanayo ill-fated 1991 kodwa, ngokungafani bonke abangane bakhe, kodwa yaqedwa ezandleni Navy ngaphansi kwegama yayo yasekuqaleni.

Akumangalisi nesikhathi sokwakha sasisikhulu. Ekuqaleni, "Dagestan" wayechaza ukuthini ukuba Navy ngo-2012, kodwa ngenxa umonakalo ukuthi umkhumbi ebunzimeni mooring, ngisho le nkathi kwadingeka yokwelula. Kuphela phakathi konyaka wakwazi ukuya olwandle, ngaphakathi kohlaka Ukwamukelwa State iveza kokudubula osezingeni ezicitshwayo zako ezisemqoka "Calibre-NK". Kulokhu konke kwahamba kahle, kodwa ngoba ekupheleni Novemba 2012 umkhumbi ngokusemthethweni baba ingxenye Navy Russian.

Izici "Dagestan"

umkhumbi Patrol "Dagestan" nge ngokufanelekile kungenziwa ngokuthi eyingqayizivele. Ukuze uqale nge ukuhlolwa, eyaqala hhayi kuphela e yoLwandle iCaspian, kodwa futhi oLwandle Olumnyama. Ngamunye wethu wayeqhuba kubo ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. Zonke izigaba okuhlolwa uhulumeni bebelokhu kakhulu, ngisho kokudubula kusukela missile zakamuva ziye kwenziwe ukuze amaphuzu aphezulu.

Kuqhathaniswa "iwele" wayo, okungukuthi, ne "Tatarstan", umkhumbi eziningi umehluko obalulekile kakhulu futhi obonakalayo. Okokuqala, iziqhumane kule isitsha ahlelwe thwi, okungase nomlilo cishe noma isiphi isiqondiso, kungakhathaliseki Yiqiniso, kulandelwa umkhumbi "Dagestan". Zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali ikuvumela ukuba ngokuqiniseka ukubhubhisa Okuqondiwe ahlukahlukene at ibanga amakhilomitha angu-300, ematfuba lena 0,85-1. Lolu khetho ihlolwe ngempumelelo practice, njengoba uvivinyo yahlaselwa okunemibandela isitha indlunkulu, sise ibanga amakhilomitha 180 kusukela umkhumbi.

yizinhlobonhlobo

Rapid-umlilo izibhamu uhlelo ephumelelayo anti-aircraft umlilo kakhulu kwandisa ukulwa survivability emkhunjini, ukuvumela ukudala multi-egqinsiwe emoyeni ukuzivikela. Empeleni, zonke lezi zici enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ushayele umkhumbi missile "Dagestan" umkhumbi jikelele. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo onjiniyela bathi kungaba lula ukuthi lilinganise ku frigates isigaba.

Ngokuphambene lokhu ngaphandle ukuthi ukuntuleka enamandla ngempela anti-izikhali, kodwa ayikho nje ngwenya e yoLwandle iCaspian. Ngakho umkhumbi "Dagestan" (iCaspian weqembu lemikhumbi, 693) okuhambisana ngokugcwele iphuzu ukusetshenziswa, ukukwazi ukwenza yonke imisebenzi eyabelwe yona.

Esinye sezici ezivelele ezinkulu impahla isitsha kuyinto superstructures yayo (ekhethekile magnesium-aluminium ingxubevange). Lokhu ingxubevange kungaba ahlakaze ngempumelelo amasignali radar, okwenza umkhumbi missile "Dagestan" Project 11661 ayibonakali kalula kwaye ukuthola ezingaba isitha izinhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona asebenzayo Jamming uhlelo. Konke lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi ngempumelelo efihla wabuka umkhumbi kweqiniso, ukuze awuvikele ekubhujisweni Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe "smart", kuhlanganise cruise ezicitshwayo.

Ekugcineni, "Dagestan" yakhelwe nge esiphezulu lwemikhumbi lokhu ukuzimela ekilasini: kungaba olwandle okungenani amaviki amabili, kokuba ngesikhathi esifanayo wawo kungathi izinkulungwame eziyisihlanu nautical miles. Ukuhlinzeka sezingeni elamukelekile induduzo crew (Ngokuqondene ukuhamba ezinjalo ezincane ezibalulekile), stabilizers asebenzayo enziwa isakhiwo. Lokhu kwenza abantu ukumelana kahle ngisho injabulo ngokulinganisela. Active air conditioning system kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba usebenze ngisho ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele.

The main izici lobuchwepheshe bomkhumbi

• ukufuduka Okugcwele - amathani 2200.
• Ubude umzimba Okugcwele - 102,4 m.
• Iningi emphemeni ububanzi - 14.4 amamitha.
• Ukujula, midship - 7.25 metres.
• okusalungiswa Okuvamile - 5.6 amamitha.
• Isivinini Cruising ibanga - 29 ifindo.
• Ubuningi Cruising ibanga (e eco mode, injini diesel) - 5000 nautical miles.
• Ukuzimela ku amasheya ukudla nokuphuza amanzi - ezinsukwini ezingu-20.
• Inombolo Kunconywa zezisebenzi - abantu abangu-84.

Umklamo sikebhe futhi superstructure

umkhumbi izakhiwo libhekisela version zakudala, nge emphemeni bushelelezi futhi linezingxenye eziyishumi amanzi angangeni. Zonke superstructure eyenziwe ekhethekile magnesium Alloys aluminium. Ngenxa leli qiniso, radar sakugcina isignesha isitsha. sikebhe Umkhumbi sika wenziwe ongaphakeme-ingxubevange steel, amelana ezindaweni ezinodlame namanzi olwandle. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba singaphethi impilo ende nenkonzo yalaba frigates.

izikhali

Kukhona rocket omkhulu, wezikhali kanye anti-aircraft izikhali, lona wamuva wakha ngesisekelo missile. The main "ikhadi trump" kuyinto antiship eziyinkimbinkimbi "Uranus" ( "Uran-E") ifakwe imodeli rocket X-35 (e). Ibanga ukushaya target - kusuka 130 kuya 260 km, kuye ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kanye uhlobo nezinhlamvu. Yini eyingqayizivele ikakhulukazi "Dagestan"? Lo mkhumbi - ungoyedwa ochungechungeni, okwakubekelwa aqala eziyinkimbinkimbi "Calibre-NK", okuyinto kuso, futhi 'run-e ", kuhlanganise empini izimo.

Lokhu zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali okuphawulekayo ukuthi uvumela ukuba alishaye (ezicitshwayo ejwayelekile) yasolwandle Okuqondiwe ugu akhiwe kude km 300. Uma esetshenziswa cruise kweminsalo, ububanzi ephumelelayo ukuhlulwa isitha sika kakhulu (izikhathi eziningana) kwandisa. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka kuphela emva zokudubula amaphekula elisekela.

wezikhali ingxenye

On the ekhaleni kukhona 76.2-mm imodeli othomathikhi isibhamu uhlelo AK-176M. Ubude 152 izinhlamvu is esingu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuchitheka ongaphakeme ezindizayo Okuqondiwe ihlinzeka amayunithi ezimbili nje (30 mm) AC-630M. izinhlamvu zabo ezivamile - 3,000 imizuliswano ngokushesha. Lezi zilungiselelo zivumela kahle eliphezulu ukulwa kolwandle, emoyeni kanti ezinye izinjongo somhlaba. Yiziphi ezinye wezikhali igibele corvette missile "Dagestan"? Lo mkhumbi is ehlome 14.5 mm umshini esindayo izibhamu, othomathikhi.

Isivikelo ekuhlaseleni kusuka emoyeni

Ukudala ukuzivikela eyizingqabavu egqinsiwe yephrojekthi 11661 imikhumbi isetshenziswe anti-aircraft eziyinkimbinkimbi "Osa-MA-2." I iziqhumane kungenzeka lesi simiso itholakala 20 ezicitshwayo. Kodwa "Dagestan" ngalezi zinhloso isetshenziswa iyashelela Spar "Broadsword" ukuthi (inguqulo ukuthekelisa) efakwe labo emikhunjini kwale phrojekthi, okuyinto ekuqaleni eyakhelwe ukudayiswa kumakhasimende phesheya.

ukuhlaselwa Anti-ngwenya

Hhayi ukuwushiya umkhumbi "Dagestan" Project 11661 ukuzilwela ngaphakathi the bombo of ukuhlaselwa okungenzeka ngwenya isitha, ngemibhobho emibili torpedo osezingeni 533 mm ngokwakhayo enikeziwe. Qaphela ukuthi ithonya ezinguqulweni ukuthekelisa yephrojekthi imikhumbi efanayo ukukhwezwa rocket ukufakwa bombometnaya RBU-6000 imodeli. kokwehla Okungenzeka futhi uyama antisubmarine indiza Ka-27. Ukuze refueling, ngokukhethekile, kunamabandla ahlukene fuel amathangi ebhodini. Kuncike ekutheni kungaba ukuthutha helicopter ibe lendlu yebhanoyi ekhethekile (nge izindwani eligoqiwe).

Nokho, konke lokhu akudingekile kakhulu, uma sicabangela umkhumbi "Dagestan". ICaspian weqembu lemikhumbi (693 Ihamba usufikile kulo), kanye ukuxhumana zasolwandle kwamanye amazwe esifundeni abanawo lapha nganoma yimuphi umkhumbi, ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kodwa lapha kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi isitsha noma ngasiphi isikhathi ethunyelwe idluliselwe woLwandle Olumnyama, futhi kukhona ematfuba ukuhlaselwa yezinto ezivela ngaphansi kwamanzi lapho.

izikhali electronic

imishini Radar "engazinzile" ngoba nge obhekwe onobuhle ezintsha futhi iyashelela esimiselelwe. Isimo siyefana esimweni lapho kuyadingeka ukufanisa zezinhlobo esisha izikhali. Ikakhulukazi, kwezinye imikhumbi iphrojekthi esifanayo, kuhlanganise nalezo eyakhelwe izidingo imikhumbi yabezizwe, izindawo washintsha izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu.

Ukuze radar "Dagestan" ihlangabezana eziyinkimbinkimbi "amaminerali-M", njengoba radar jikelele-njongo wenza "Ngokuqinisekile-M1." Sonar uhlelo, obangela ukuthola esifike ngwenya isitha - imodeli CIM-335. Lo mkhumbi "Dagestan" (elinendawo isithombe esihlokweni) Ungabeka ukuphazamiseka asebenzayo, lisebenzisa TC-25 Kwakuhlale kuba khona impi yama-computer neyama CICS "Sigma". Yabo izivivinyo emasimini luye lwabonisa ukuthi lezi zinhlelo akwazi yokulwisana ngempumelelo imizamo ushaye ibe isitha "smart" anti-umkhumbi ezicitshwayo.

amandla plant

The main injini - diesel, a twin-shaft, CODOG imodeli. Udizili Uhlobo - 61D, sredneoborotisty. I umthamo isamba motor kuyinto 8000 amalitha. a. Lesi simila amandla unesibopho ijubane ejwayelekile. Kukhona futhi ezimbili igesi abaphehla ugesi nge umthamo isamba 29 000 amalitha. a. Abakwazi ukuhlakaza isikebhe ukuba 28 ifindo, futhi enzelwe ukusetshenziswa empini imodi lapho kuba ngezinga esibalulekile maneuverability. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinto zasolwandle ugesi has nje ezintathu udizili generator, lapho amandla ngamunye 600 kW.

Ekupheleni

Okwamanje, "Dagestan" iCaspian weqembu lemikhumbi umkhumbi Kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwethu kangangokuthi umkhumbi lokugcina iphrojekthi yayo, yayimi ngasemakameleni Navy we Russian Federation. Cishe ngo-2011-2012. lonke ulwazi olutholakala mayelana nse ephelele futhi okokuqandisa usebenza kule isiqondiso, kodwa sasingawohloki baqinisekisa. Kubikwa ukuthi uhlelo nigqoke ezimbili imikhumbi engaphezu chungechunge, kodwa isikhathi ukudiliva yabo lenyuka ngokuphawulekayo. Isizathu sisobala - Ukraine, ekukhanyeni izenzakalo ezithile, wenqaba uhambisane nemigomo yesivumelwano ukuze supply igesi abaphehla ugesi.

Abakhi bemikhumbi Domestic athembisa ukuthi lesi simo ngeshwa ngeke ukuvikele kubo ukugcwalisa uhlelo for ngcono ngoxhaxha yasekhaya. Omunye nje ukuba umkhumbi missile "Dagestan", izikhali ukuthi lokho bekuyokwenza nodumo wempi enkulu, ngeke "owokugcina Mohicans."