Conduction futhi reflex umsebenzi emgogodleni

Ubuchopho bomuntu Spinal is a indlela eyinkimbinkimbi yakhiwa "izingxenye" eziningi ezahlukene. Futhi ngamunye wabo kubalulekile ngoba ukuphila kwethu okugcwele. Ngenxa yokuthi sinawo backbone, sesisithathile isinyathelo. umsebenzi Reflex ka emgogodleni kuyinto enkulu, yena wenza. Ngaphezu ke, kusekhona umqhubi. It kuyafaneleka ukucabangela lezi zici kakhudlwana futhi uthole ukuthi yini ngamunye wabo wemfanelo.

Kumiswa emgogodleni ku-fetus kwenzeka esibelethweni, futhi ngaleso sikhathi, lapho wayesalungile unaware yokuthi ukhulelwe kanjani. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala, yabeka isisekelo sokuqala ikholomu umgogodla. Nokho, ukuqedela lasungulwa ngemva kokuzalwa kuzothatha isikhathi xaxa. Ezinye izingxenye zobuchopho ekugcineni kwakhiwa, lapho ingane ifinyelele eminyakeni engu-2 ubudala.

Kanjani emgogodleni

Kubukeka sengathi emgogodleni, akubona bonke uyazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubona bonke abantu unombono ka iyini indima yalo ekuphileni wonke umuntu. Ngokuqondene nalokhu ukugcwalisa lokhu igebe ulwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi asebuchosheni nomgogodla - kuyinto ehlukile ingxenye.

Ukuze sithole ukuthi kungani udinga umsebenzi reflex ka emgogodleni, zama ukuthola ukuthi kubukeka kanjani. Nakanjani ukubona lapho iqala futhi lapho iphela emgogodleni, akunakwenzeka. Kuqala kusukela vertebra wokuqala ngaphansi nje Yekhanda, kancane kancane ngokuxhuma ingqondo kule ndawo. Lesi sigaba ku asebuchosheni nomgogodla kuyinto nje ukugcina icala, empeleni, emgogodleni ngokushelela ku ekhanda. Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi le zingxenye ezimbili kukhona yomkhakha owodwa.

Indawo emgogodleni ulwelwesi lwalo

Ubuchopho ivikela kogebhezi umgogodla intambo kufihlwe yomgogodla futhi lizungezwe ulwelwesi ezintathu. Eyokuqala yalezi iyona obucayi kakhulu, zondile futhi ezithambile. It ezifihlakele yegazi eyisa izakhi ubuchopho. Ngamanye amazwi, emgogodleni uhlobo "isithunywa" we ukulethwa amandla.

Ukuqhubeka ukukhuluma kanjani umsebenzi reflex we umgogodla, awakwazi ukudlulela ehlangothini lwesibili ukuhlaziya isakhiwo se-arachnoid. Lapha kukhona isikhala ekhethekile, othiwa subarachnoid. Kuyo yonke ubude yomgogodla, ligcwele cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Kwaba wakhe futhi uthathe ngokuhamba puncturing ukuhlaziywa ukunquma isimo impilo emgogodleni.

igobolondo Kugcine ukutholakala ngaphandle futhi eqinile sikwazi ukunikeza umsebenzi okuvikela ukulimala ahlukahlukene zangaphandle.

Izimpawu emgogodleni

Esikhathini womuntu omdala umgogodla ubude kuze kufinyelele 45 cm nge ukushuba 1.5 cm. Isisindo sayo conservatively izilinganiso akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-35 grams. Yonke ubuchopho kuhlukaniswe eziningana, okuyinto isuka izimpande ezahlukene:

• intamo;
• webele;
• lumbar;
• Crusade;
• coccyx.

Ngakho indlela umsebenzi reflex we umgogodla, esifundeni wesibeletho kanye lumbar-sacral izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu sokukhubazeka komgogodla. Kule ndaba, basuke yayivikeleke - imvelo abanakekela ke, abenze mkhulu kakhulu futhi luthe ukuqina. Kuyinto kulezi zindawo kukhona izinzwa ezibalulekile, okungase kubangele nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo uma behluliwe. Emgogodleni wesibeletho ukunqwabelana izimpande, obhekene ukuhamba ngezandla. Izimpande division aphansi banesibopho ukuhamba nasemilenzeni aphansi.

Umuntu nomgogodla elawula umsebenzi wonke izitho zangaphakathi. Ngamunye wabo lihlotshaniswa yimuphi umnyango othize. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke canal umgogodla ihlukaniswe izingxenye, futhi ngayinye yalezi iminyango inenombolo lalo. Ngo intamo yabo 8, e webele - 12 ku lumbar futhi sacral 5, futhi coccygeal kubo has eyodwa noma ezimbili.

Yini ngaphakathi?

Ukuze uthole ukuthi ukuqinisekisa kugqame futhi umsebenzi conductive we umgogodla, sibheke ngaphakathi. Yonke kobuchopho heterogeneity ezahlukene ukwakheka nombala. Ophakathi nendawo grey ndaba, okuyinto lizungezwe emhlophe. Ngamunye wabo unesibopho imisebenzi ethile, elibuye okuzoxoxwa ngayo.

grey ndaba

ndaba Gray noma substantia grisea emelelwa izinsika eziningana ezixhunywe nomunye by plate amabili (phambili kanye ngezansi), ngokuthi spikes. On ingxenye eyodwa yalezi izinsika kuyabonakala ukuthi empunga ndaba isesimweni sifana butterfly ne ukusabalala amaphiko noma Latin incwadi H.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase futhi uqaphela ukuthi imfuyo ukunweba projection ebesingase ngokuthi izimpondo. Zingaba noma ngaphambili, ngezihluthu odongeni langemuva egijima kanye odongeni emuva. Futhi umbhangqwana wokuqala nowesibili, futhi ube ukuma emincane futhi ebanzi. Kodwa ngaphezu front futhi bakhulise, kukhona izimpondo ohlangothini, okuyinto okuvalelwe izikhungo autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa.

Yini umsebenzi reflex ka emgogodleni? Iqiniso liwukuthi njengoba izimpondo anterior uhlobo olukhethekile Izinzwa, izinqubo akha izimpande emsipheni.

grey Ephakathi ndaba sihamba isiteshi emaphakathi, okuyinto nayo igcwele oludakayo. Ingxenye engenhla isiteshi ixhunywe le ventricles palsy. Kulokhu, zonke izigaba: i ventricles, emaphakathi umsele kanye subarachnoid isikhala ezizibandakanyile emsebenzini nokusakazwa cerebrospinal fluid.

ndaba mhlophe

izidakamizwa White - substantia alba, izambatho grey, kwakheka iqoqo yezinzwa, okuyinto nazo zitholakala ezintathu izinhlobo:

• phambi;
• ezingemuva;
• uhlangothi.

Kulokhu bonke izimpande babe izinkomba ezahlukene, futhi ezinye zazo kuhlobane ngokuqondile ingqondo futhi uqondiswe isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko (lapha nje CNS). Futhi uma umsebenzi reflex ka emgogodleni iwukuba adlulisele namasiginali Izinzwa we grey ndaba, inkinga ndaba neuronal emhlophe - ukubeletha okusheshayo pulses kuya emisipheni nasemalungeni we oblongata medulla. Ngakho, bakuqaphela ukudluliselwa wonke amaqembu kanye emgogodleni.

Nazi izindlela uthumele kakhulu lonke ulwazi mayelana uzwela ubuhlungu. Ngaphambi nje kokuba ufaka cortex cerebral, ulwazi lokuqala bufike ebuchosheni Lesisemkhatsini, futhi kuphela ke odlula ku ezindaweni zabo.

Umsebenzi yobuchopho bethu

Ukuze uthole ukusebenza ngokushesha futhi efanele emzimbeni inyuka wemfanelo futhi izindlela ukwehla. Ukusakaza kwakamuva ikhiqizwa usebenzisa krasnoyadernyh nezindlela lateral. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa lezi izindlela zenziwa conduction reflex spinal cord umsebenzi. Ngenxa krasnoyaderno-umgogodla izindlela ekhiqizwa okungalindelekile motor amaza. Nakuba i-amaza ngokungenasizathu wemfanelo lateral endleleni cortico-umgogodla.

Zonke izimpande ayanikezelwa ne emithanjeni siqu nokuvaleka kwemithambo, ngenxa obumba lenqwaba neurovascular. uvumelanise ngamunye unesibopho kuphela ingxenye yalo futhi ikwimodi ku-intanethi, ngokuhlaziya idatha engenayo bese bedlulisela lesi amaza ezidingekayo.

Ukunqotshwa imishayo kuholela izinguquko ezinkulu sokugembula futhi ngezinye izikhathi engelapheki emzimbeni womuntu. Futhi ngakho ochwepheshe bangase bahlole okuyinto ugongolo okulimele, futhi ubuhlungu ezindaweni ezithile, eziningi izifundo kuyodingeka.

umsebenzi reflex

umzimba wethu kahle kuhlelwe, futhi zonke umfutho kwangaphandle, umzimba wethu usabela ngendlela ehlukile. Kusekelwe phezu elisheshayo indlela ukuzivikela. Thina ethimula, ekhwehlela, uthole ukusha, uqala kusuka umsindo abukhali noma ngendlela yabo basabela ipheshulwa umoya. Laba yibo bonke izibonelo umsebenzi reflex ka emgogodleni imisebenzi efanayo zenzeka ngaphandle kwamandla ethu.

Ukuze sikwazi ukubhekana nanoma yisiphi umfutho, kufaka ekhatsi simo esibucayi kubo bonke ubuso lesikhumba ezibekwe nociceptors. Njengoba isibonelo acacile: ngokuthinta ngeketela ashisayo noma iyiphi indawo, thina cishe ngokushesha uyahoxa esandleni sakhe. Izinga yokusabela ngokukhulu ukushesha kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuqonda nesikhathi esishiwo. Ukuze reflex kumiswa indandatho yesibili, elibangela kwemisipha ukwehla.

Unganikeza kwelinye icala njalo. Standing zokuphola ukuphuza ingxenye intuthu noma uthuli ukumiswa hudula ekhaleni, sneezing noma ukhwehlela siqala. Ngakho, kwaba sobala ukuthi nesikhathi esifushane kangaka ulwazi etholwe, kusetshenzwe futhi "abavikeli" yethu siye safundiswa ukukhulula umzimba ebusweni izidumbu angaphandle.

conduction umsebenzi

Ngakho, lokho okushiwo ku umsebenzi reflex ka emgogodleni, manje kucace, ungaya komunye, futhi inkinga enkulu - izintambo. Ihlala ukudluliselwa amasignali e sinyuka izindlela ebuchosheni main. Kulona, kuye ngesimo, umfutho bawuphithanisile umkhondo wezindlela phansi ziqondiswe igunya.

Conduction umsebenzi kusivumela ukwenza isenzo okunenjongo:

• ukuthatha noma aphonse;
• Ungami noma uhlale;
• hamba kancane noma ugijime;
• ukupenda;
• ukusika.

Konke lokhu imisebenzi senza ekuphileni kwansuku zonke: ekhaya noma emsebenzini futhi ngokuvamile nje awuboni.

Konke lokhu ingqondo uxhumano, umgogodla, wonke isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, izitho zangaphakathi namalungu omzimba zomzimba womuntu wenza kube esiyingqayizivele emvelweni yayo. Ngisho robot eziphambili kakhulu abakwazi ukuqhosha isibalo salabo ukunyakaza, elikwaziyo ukufeza noma iyiphi bioorganisms.