Castle Georgenburg: isithombe, ikheli, uhambo

Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kungani izinqaba ngakho okulinga abantu. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-minyaka engu-500 edlule, "propiarili" yabo kuhle abalobi lokuqala Chivalry, nangemva - the abenzi mafilimu ngisho Abadali imidlalo yama-computer.

ERussia ambalwa nje izinqaba medieval ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla. Cishe bonke, ngaphandle Genoese inqaba eCrimea, lisendaweni North-western, kuhlanganise endaweni ye Kaliningrad esifundeni. Omunye wabo Georgenburg castle.

I zamaJalimane Knights

UNongorwana German yasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-12 e Palestine pilgrim isiJalimane, ukusungula esibhedlela ngenxa Bakwethu ogulayo futhi elimele. Ngokushesha, washintsha isiqondiso imisebenzi yayo futhi waba impi engokomoya. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13 lapho livela indlunkulu Order sika, itholakala edolobheni Bavarian ka Eschenbach, futhi kamuva kwathiwa okungewakho eNuremberg.

Ngo 1217 the zamaJalimane Knights waqhubeka umkhankaso wokulwa amaqaba Prussian. Ekunqobeni amazwe yabo, eyasungulwa izinqaba eziningi, lapho egcine amakhanda ukuvikela izifiki isiJalimane.

Omunye wabo kwakungu-eKönigsberg, elakhiwa kusayithi zokuhlala lasendulo Tuvangste e 1255.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-18 lamabutho zamaJalimane iphansi kwesandla sika-Dietrich Lidelau efika ezingomakhelwane Chernyakhovsk yesimanje, bawuthumba inqaba yobuqaba Prussians Saminis Vick, ogama lakhe uhumusha njengoba Stone yokuhlala. Eduze kwalo kwakukhona isiphetho Tamman futhi Valkau. Nokho, abakwamukelanga ubambe enqabeni, ngakho Knights baphoqeleka ukuba umhlalaphansi.

Teutons okusha eza wathatha indawo 1336. Kulokhu, lo mkhankaso waba yimpumelelo, futhi Insterburg castle yasungulwa. ukubukeka kwakhe kwaphawula nokuqinisa zamaJalimane Order ezikhonza kula mazwe.

ngezizathu castle

Ngo 1337, kwaba sobala ukuthi Insterburg ayikwazi kuhlaliswe zonke Knights ukuthi ezidingekayo zokusivikela izithakazelo Order. Khona-ke, 2.5 km kusuka inqaba ngemiyalo yezikhulu-Master of the zamaJalimane Order Vinriha isizinda Kniprode castle lokhuni Yakhiwa, yaqanjwa St George Georgenburg. Izincwadi zomlando leli dolobha yokuqala okukhulunywa 1354 ngokuqondene kuhlaselwa kuye ngaphansi kobuholi Lithuanian Kestutis. Ikakhulukazi, umlando ka Wigand ka-Marburg unomlando ukuthi 1/3 yebutho Lithuanian, ebuya omele uVela, ehlaselwa le nqaba futhi kumbangela umonakalo omkhulu. Kuphangwa benziwa kamuva.

Njengoba Georgenburg lokhuni kwakunzima kakhulu ukuvikela, iNkosi Order of oda Vinriha isizinda Kniprode 1380 ngasekupheleni sika, le nqaba, ubhubhe sebakhe izinqaba itshe.

Umlando kwekhulu le-16

Engxenyeni 14 leminyaka castle Georgenburg yesibili ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi kuphangwa. Ikakhulukazi, izikhathi ezimbalwa sihlaselwa le naseLithuania futhi AmaTatar, nabasePoland baqashwe, uzama ibenze Teutons namazwe zabo zangaphambili. Umonakalo omkhulu kwabangelwa enqabeni isikhulu Gonshevskim. Wahlasela wathumba Georgenburg ekuqaleni kwazo amaMongol-AmaTatar, izakhiwo eziningi bawubhubhisa phansi, bangabi yizigqila zewayini izinsizwa, kanye inqwaba yezinkomo. Naphezu kwalokhu, izindlu libuyiselwe futhi kuze 1525 Georgenburg castle izinkambo okuyizinto athandwa kakhulu namuhla, wafike wasetshenziselwa yokuhlala yombhishobhi Zamlandskogo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wangena ifa Master 34 we zamaJalimane oda nokulandelela ngowokuqala Prussian Duke Albrehta Gogentsollerna.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-120 Georgenburg castle wathumba AmaTatar. Kamuva, e-eminyakeni 1643-1648 futhi esikhathini ye Iminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu neMpi enqabeni kwakuhlezi abaseSweden.

Umlando in the 18th - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19

Kwibanga elibalulekile emlandweni enqabeni kwaqala ngo 1709 lapho, ngemva kwesishayo se okwacekela phansi esifundeni, uFriedrich Wilhelm lokuqala wayinika ku ubunikazi yomphakathi. Noma kunjalo, umhlaba ezungeze wahlala lingenamuntu kuze ningagudluzwa lapho abantu kusukela Austria Salzburg.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-18, ubaba nendodana isizinda Koydell eyasungulwa ngo Georgenburg ipulazi, lapho baqala ukuzalela amahhashi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Prussia babehilelekile zokuzalanisa amahhashi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngisho nasezikhathini we zamaJalimane Order kwakuqoshwe buhlanjululwe 2 Breed: wendawo Prussian "Schweich" futhi emikhulu ihhashi "chivalrous". Intengo ye-mare senzelwe nomkhankaso wempi, brand safinyelela 18, kuyilapho inyathi kwaba nengxenye kuwufanele. Ngakho ukuthi isizinda somkhaya Koydell kuphela aqhubeka emasikweni ekhazimulayo Prussian zokuzalanisa amahhashi. Zamahhashi badayisa Trakehner ipulazi stud. Kusukela 1740 enqabeni okokuqala eJalimane ubelokhu eqashelwa mqhudelwano Equestrian ku kuzuba kule sezwe, okuyinto yaziwa ngokuthi Ukuzingela ukweqa.

Phakathi neMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Ayisikhombisa ', le nqaba Georgenburg incotjwa amabutho isiRashiya, futhi lapho ibekwe yokuhlala Russian Field Marshal SF Apraksin.

Incazelo kwalesi sigodi ekhulwini le-18

Lukanus mlando kwesokunxele idokhumenti kuwo okukhulunywa ukuthi eduze castle elise Georgenburg isitshalo ukwenziwa ubhiya futhi Molasses. Kukhona ibandla, esesikhundleni ngalé kwezindaba umbhoshongo, yakhiwa ngamatshe abomvu e 1693. Yesontfweni kwaba libanzi futhi wathatha i-altare elihle kakhulu futhi epulpiti, itshe eyinkimbinkimbi ezibaziweyo. Abobulili ibandla elise vicarage. Leli dolobhana ngokwayo kwakuba emgwaqweni olulodwa isikhathi eside. Wayehlala ababazi kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndawo kwakukhona insimu zikanokusho, lapho ngo-1739 idili iqhaza King Fridriha Vilgelma.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, Prussia isibe enkundleni ngenxa kaNapoleon Izimpi. Ukulwa kwakwenzekani nasemaceleni idolobha lesimanje lase-Chernyakhovsk. Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa ku eKönigsberg e 1812 enqabeni Georgenburg endlunkulu Marshal Davoust L .. Ngemva kwempi, Prussia ithengiswe ingxenye umhlaba kahulumeni ukuba ngabanye ezizimele. Ikakhulukazi, 1814, eKönigsberg Georgenburg atholwe yomthengisi Heine, kamuva wasithengisela Simpsons, uyinzalo kwabokufika Scottish.

stud

Ngo 1828, The Simpsons yasungulwa ngo Georgenburg stud, okuyinto ngokushesha eyaduma kude lé nemingcele yasePrussia. impumelelo yenkampani kwaphawuleka ukuze ngo-1840 Friedrich Wilhelm Okwesine Simpsons Unikezwe knighthood.

Ochwepheshe georgenburgskogo Stud Trakehner kuletsa isisindo isilinganiso, efanele by bewela Prussian "Schweich" ngamahhashi ngesiNgisi. It yaziwa njengenye yezinto ezikahle kakhulu ekwenzeni ka ezifuywa ezwekazini laseYurophu. Isidingo amahhashi stud ipulazi Georgenburg sasisikhulu kangangokuba nokuthi udayisa amahhashi hhayi kuphela e Prussia, kodwa futhi zithunyelwe Empire Russian. Thenga le ihhashi ayengakwenza abantu kuphela mkhulu kakhulu. Futhi kuze kube namuhla ziphila nganekwane we inkunzi Bacchus, okuyinto ngo-1872 lathengiswa isamba fabulous 32 000 DM. Ngemva kokufa ilungu lokugcina labangu uhlobo lwe Simpsons Georgenburgsky castle nge ipulazi stud, ihhashi wenkundla yomjaho futhi isimo Prussian aluthola ngokukhokhela emamaki ezigidini ezintathu. Eziyiziprofetho emi ezitebeleni 200 zamahhashi ekhethiwe.

Umlando Georgenburg castle ku Kaliningrad esifundeni ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II

Ekuqaleni kwawo-nekhulu le-19 nelesi-20 leminyaka, izakhiwo inqaba abangu ngokuphelele kabusha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke libhujisiwe, ezinye izakhiwo ephakathi. Injongo nokwakha kabusha isidingo ukuhlanganisa lock stud ipulazi. Ngenxa yalokho, waba olungaphambili lwesonto aseningizimu inqaba.

Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala on ensimini yasesiFundeni Insterburg kabusha wangena amasosha Russian. Nokho, izimpi ezibalulekile kule ndawo wayengekho. Amasosha nezikhulu yebutho Russian ayekade beyalwa ukuba sibonise nenhlonipho abendawo njengoba kwakukhona uhlelo Insterburgskogo District ukubusa wonke eRussia.

Ngemva kwempi ngo-1919 ngesisekelo ihlelwe umphakathi Georgenburg ifektri ezitebeleni. Kube sephulwe ipaki elihle ngasemthonjeni ezitebeleni, ebiyelwe wakhe imitha ezimbili ngezitini odongeni. Epulazini ihhashi wahlanganyela zizalela amahhashi Hanoverian, Holsteiner futhi Trakehner izinhlobo, eklanyelwe ncintisana Equestrian-Olympic.

Kakade ngo 1938 izifuyo zeGibhithe East zamahhashi Prussian, waqhubeka izindlu, ziye zafinyelela inani 230-240 izilwane. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona amabili eyodwa amahhashi purebred Arabian.

umlando okwengeziwe

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili indawo yethu futhi Georgenburg Castle (isithombe esithathwe ngalesi sikhathi, bheka. Ngezansi) sangena akuyona kwesikhathi best nomlando wayo. Phakathi ukubaleka amabutho aseJalimane wonke amahhashi bayiswa eJalimane. Stud kwesokunxele futhi iningi abasebenzi kusukela amaJalimane yobuhlanga, ngakho enqabeni cishe alinalutho.

Ngo-1945 izindlu sashintshwa saba emzaneni othiwa Mayevka lapho ababaleki kusukela RSFSR zaqala ukutheleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo enqabeni wavula ekamu elisendleleni, lapho iziboshwa German empi igcinwe. Ngalo sekudlule cishe 250 000 abantu. Mayelana iziboshwa, ababengakholelwa siphindele eJalimane, namuhla sifana engu- kwetshe Mayevka. Iziboshwa asetshenziswa emsebenzini wokwakha. Ikakhulukazi, izandla zabo ukuthi zezikhali medieval isitini Isonto, okuyinto yayaziwa ngezazi-altare lalo elihle.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, enqabeni yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo ejele, futhi kamuva - njengoba Infectious Diseases Isibhedlela, eyathatha kuze 70s. Wabe yadluliselwa nezezindlu.

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union

Namuhla, izivakashi ukuza Mayevka ukubona izinto Kaliningrad esifundeni, bheka nje emanxiweni enqabeni Georgenburg. Lokhu akusona isimanga, kusukela ngo-1939 futhi kuze kube kuwa isakhiwo eSoviet Union, lapho ngaleso sikhathi yayineminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi 700, kwabuyiselwa.

Ngo-1990, abavubukuli kwaqala iqhutshwe ngesizathu enqabeni. Ososayensi izinsalela ngasekupheleni medieval isikhathi izakhiwo ziye zatholakala, kodwa umsebenzi ngokushesha iphele. Ekupheleni 90s Georgenburg idluliselwe sokuqasha eside "Russian Umshwalense Bank." Nokho, ukwakha enqabeni zamasiko ukuzijabulisa isikhungo, njengoba kwakuhleliwe, akunakwenzeka ngenxa crisis eqhuma zezimali.

Castle Georgenburg e Chernyakhovsk ruinizirovatsya kwathini waqala ukukuthola izakhi yokukhosela bazonda umphakathi nangokuthi abantu ngaphandle yokuhlala isilungisiwe.

Isimo saba ezicindezelayo nakakhulu lapho ngo-2009 kwaba khona umlilo omkhulu emboniselweni. Ngemva konyaka, lapho, phakathi kwezinye izikhumbuzo zomlando kanye lathumela, wanika ROC.

nokuzalwa kabusha

Ngo-April 2010, ngenkululeko abamele Church enqabeni Georgenburg (Ikheli: Kaliningrad esifundeni, Chernyakhovsky wesifunda Mayevka isigodi) baqala umsebenzi wokubuyisela. Ziyakwazi iqhaza yilezi: NGO "Depository", intsha yendawo Umlando Society "White Crow", club abalandeli bomlando "Bears laseNyakatho", abafundi elisentshonalanga ekolishi zezimboni-Pedagogical, besonto Church Arhangela Mihaila, futhi izakhamuzi eziningi Chernyakhovsk. Okokuqala, kwakukhona yokuhlanza emikhulu enqabeni, okuyindawo 18 athathwa udoti amaloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona zisusiwe ezihlabayo, bona esusa le cobblestones egcekeni ubudala, abuyiselwe ophahleni, emanti kanye nekuhanjiswa kwemangcoliso sezakhiwo lokusinda.

ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha

Kohlelo lenhlangano enqabeni-Museum "Georgenburg" zaqala lapho umkhosi bomlando ngoJulayi 2010. Baletha ndawonye amakilabhu kusuka esifundeni kanye nezinye izifunda of Russia.

Okwamanje, ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha Mayevka lula stud epulazini le nqaba futhi ukhululekile, ehhotela elithokomele lesimanje. Ngesicelo izivakashi zalo nazo zonke nesithakazelo Uhambo Georgenburg castle. Izivakashi emboniselweni ifakwe Chargrill ndawo. Qaphela ukuthi enqabeni Georgenburgskom kuvinjelwe utshwala.

Likuphi Georgenburg Castle

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isikhungo izivakashi itholakala edolobhaneni Mayevka. It engafinyelelwa kusukela emzini Chernyakhovsk ibhasi. Ugijimela njalo njalo ngehora. Uma isimo sezulu muhle, izivakashi belulekwa ukuba uthathe uhambo kusukela nqaba ngezinyawo Chernyakhovsk. indlela obuphelele kuyoba 2 km. Kulokhu sizokwazi ukujabulela ukubukwa amahle ukuvulwa Ilokhi kusukela eceleni komgwaqo.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi lokho kungase kube uhambo abajabulisayo Georgenburg castle. Chernyahovsk banganikeza izivakashi kanye ujwayele nezinye izindawo ezihehayo ezifana iSonto St Michael, amanxiwa inqaba futhi castle Insterburg Zaal, Bismarck Tower, entsha kwaMuhle nabanye.