Caphuna de Carcassonne: Olunye ulwazi, incazelo, umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Carcassonne inqaba - i Ensemble yezakhiwo izakhiwo, eziningi zazo esukela emuva le enkathini ephakathi, eqinisweni enqabeni. It ikhona emzini igama elifanayo, ensimini ka France yesimanje, esifundeni Occitania, eMnyangweni Aude. Ngokwesiko, le inqaba medieval ngokuthi Caphuna. Uhambo kakhulu e-South of France ukufaka lapho beqhuba Ukuvakashela leli lesikhumbuzo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu yezakhiwo nge a umlando ocebile.

Inqaba Carcassonne (France): incazelo edolobheni futhi Caphuna indawo

Lokhu izinqaba yayakhiwe ibhange kwesokudla eMfuleni Aude. I inqaba itholakala phezu kwegquma eliphakeme kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Idolobha lanamuhla maphakathi Carcassonne. Idolobha ngokwalo liye eside ngaba nesikhundla ezinhle amasu, ukulawula ndawo phakathi izintaba zasePyrenees kanye Montagne Noire, futhi indlela oLwandle iMedithera kuya Atlantic Ocean. Leli gquma lapho Fort kuyinto ithafa ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu amamitha. Le ndawo komuzi ingqikithi 65 amakhilomitha square, kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nobukhulu zonke ezinye nemizana sifundazwe Aude.

protohistory

I inqaba of Carcassonne (France) wayaziwa phakathi nezimpi Gallo-Roman. Abantu babehlala lamagquma kusukela enkathini lasekuqaleni. AmaCeltic wakha isiphetho, eyaziwa kusukela cishe ngekhulu lesithupha BC. Khona-ke, ngo-125 BC. e., ensimini ka amaRoma afike futhi esekelwe kule ndawo ekamu ebiyelweyo (Julia nohlaka castrum). Kamuva, wamangalelwa kufakwe esifundazweni Narbonne eGaul. Ikamu iqanjwe kabusha Karkasum futhi kancane kancane wathola amalungelo ububanzi ezizimele kanye amalungelo. Ngenxa yokuthi yaqala ukukhulunywa ngokuthi "shite" - inqaba, okuyinto has isihloko edolobheni. Ezinye tower ne izindonga, okuyinto kungabonwa ku Carcassonne yesimanje, ukugcina imikhondo wokwakha Gallo-Roman. Ngemva ziba ngcono uMbuso, le nqaba wayengomunye walaba izinqaba zombuso Visigoth. Bakha izindonga yabo izisekelo wamaRoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-emperor Visigoth Theodoric wayala ukuba kwakhiwe leli sonto. Ngo 725, i-Saracens ethumba Carcassonne. Izinganekwane mayelana nkathi zihlanganisa ukubukeka igama edolobheni sika iwukuba sikhathi. Kusolakala, lapho lenqaba ovinjezelwe Karl Veliky, umka inkosi Saracen, nenekazi skeleton, ngobuqili wamphoqa ukuba ahoxe. Eqinisweni, umbuso owawungaphansi-Arabhu yathatha kuphela kuze 759, lapho baxoshwa la mazwe Pepin le iDemo.

Ephakathi

Kusukela ekupheleni kwelikhulu enqabeni wekhulu lesi-ka Carcassonne ingeyamakhosi Carolingian. Kodwa njengoba zingakapheleli babengenawo izindlela noma ikhono lokulawula umuzi ngokwawo, ke kunalokho ngaqala ukwenza amagrafu. Kodwa bonke babe namanenekazi esihle, ukuthi hhayi kakhulu ukuthonywa ukuthuthukiswa impahla yawo. Kodwa lapho ekhulwini leshumi nanye, Carcassonne ukuthi eyayithengwe enamandla Vikontov Trenkaveley uhlanga shado nge indlalifa igrafu zokugcina, idolobha ishintshile. Kukhona castle lakhiwa, futhi ebhidlikayo Ukuqinisa elilungisiwe. Bazungeza indandatho lenqaba. Lapho ubukhosi Trencavel idolobha safinyelela ukuthuthukiswa yayo wezombangazwe nasekuphileni okuvamile. Viscounts babe akhonze we Ukubala of Toulouse, nenkosi yakwa-Barcelona.

Nendumezulu we Cathars

Idolobhana ebiyelweyo Carcassonne eyaziwa indima yakhe okubizwa ngokuthi Yenkolo Yama-Albigenses. ababusi baso zazibabekezelela eyamukelwayo yobuKristu sikhathi, lapho iSonto lamaRoma Katolika ngokuthi imbuka Cathars. Trencavel wabalungiselela udumo nokuhlonishwa, futhi enqaba esandleni kuya Crusaders. Ngo-August 1209 ibutho eholwa inxusa sobupapa Arnaud-Amaury olawule edolobheni. Raymond-Rozhe Trenkavel, uhambo ukuxoxisana, amaRoma awuthatha, elathunjwa Ngemva kwalokho kubonakala anobuthi. viscount okusha kwathiwa umholi we basempini yenkolo, kaSimon de Montfort. Bonke abahlali zaxoshwa umuzi amahembe efanayo agqokekayo.

Inkathi ukubusa French futhi iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki

Lapho Crusaders ethumba Carcassonne, le nqaba baba eliqaphile uthwebule Occitania. KaSimon de Montfort uye waqinisa wakhe. Ngo Caphuna bavunyelwa ukuba axazulule kuphela kubangane bawo futhi ziqotho izikhulu zakhe, abathengisi. Zonke ezinye izakhamuzi zomuzi wakubo ezakhiwa kule ndawo. Eqinisweni, ngalezo zinsuku, Carcassonne kwaqinisa hhayi zizivikele ezitheni zangaphandle, kodwa ukuvimbela oksitantsev kuvukela. Esikhathini forties kwekhulu weshumi nantathu, indodana Raymond-Roger wayezama ngiwuthathe umuzi ezikhukhula, kodwa akazange aphumelele ukubuyisana nomkakhe, futhi waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele embusweni wase-Aragon. Ngo 1247 inqaba zabuswa French. Ngemva kokumiswa eNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki ngo Occitania umuzi waphenduka esinye ezindaweni of amaphoyisa amasha enkolo. Lapha kukhona ejele esikhethekile izihlubuki - Moore. Kuze kube manje, iziqondiso ukukhombisa okuthiwa Tower of Zamacala Ezihlubuki zangeNkathi Ephakathi. Kule kwakusobala indawo lapho izihlubuki ashiswa esigxotsheni phezu loMfula Aude.

Eminyakeni eyalandela. Ukubuyiselwa Ensemble

Ngo phakathi nantathu ekhulwini enqabeni Carcassonne waba umngcele phakathi eFrance nase-Aragon. Waba ungenakunqotshwa ukuze ngesikhathi Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi, amabutho British azikwazanga ukulithatha ezikhukhula. Ayikwazanga lokhu ibutho amaHuguenot ngesikhathi izimpi zenkolo ka ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha. Kodwa ngemva 1659, lapho yonke indawo esifundazweni Roussillon ukuthi ephethwe yi-France, emngceleni emazweni asentshonalanga futhi Carcassonne ukubaluleka kakhulu kwehle. Izinqaba bashiywa. Kwaphathiswa laphinde labhidlika nomuzi Carcassonne. I inqaba kuyinto esikhathini Napoleon kwaba kahle ezidabukisayo. Uhulumeni ngisho isinqumo uzoyibhidliza. Kodwa umlobi odumile Prosper Mérimée wahola umkhankaso yangempela zomphakathi ukulondoloza ifa ephakathi. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, yaqala ukubuyiselwa somlando, okwakubekelwa eliholwa uchwepheshe abadume kunabo ku bokwakhiwa ephakathi wesikhathi Viollet-le-Duc.

kanjani Caphuna yesimanje

Nakuba umsebenzi ukubuyiselwa edolobheni elidala wawunika ukubukeka lingagunyaziwe kakhulu, lo msebenzi wayebhekwa njengomuntu into buchopho. Manje Carcassonne castle nge Ensemble yalo yayenziwe kusukela ngo-1997 ingxenye UNESCO. Lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo zonke izikhumbuzo zomlando zihlukaniswe phakathi abanikazi ezahlukene. Izindonga, castle count sika, tower ne izinqaba ziwumsebenzi isimo. Basuke labizwa ngokuthi izikhumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu ezweni. Zonke ezinye izindaba zika insimu kungokwalabo kumasipala we Caphuna. Imigwaqo ewumngcingo ephakathi, tikwele kanye zokudlela eliqoshiwe medieval leli dolobha ikhubalo ekhethekile.

ezikhangayo esemqoka

Carcassonne inqaba lizungezwe ibhande kabili izindonga. Ubude yabo ingqikithi ezintathu amakhilomitha. On izindonga 53 tower ne barbacans ukuze ivikele lo muzi kusukela lokuvimbezela izinjini. Ngaphezu kwalezi ezikhangayo ezinkulu kukhona Caphuna Ukubala sika Castle futhi Cathedral of Saints Nazarius futhi Celsius. Ngaphambi eyinhloko yokungena enqabeni, phambi amasango Narbonne ungabona bas Ladies uzimele. Lesi sakhiwo lombhishobhi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili - i-Romanesque futhi Gothic. Ingaphandle isonto lihlotshiswe gargoyles futhi elineziqongo. Ebandleni kukhona ubudala emawindini engilazi apendiwe. Phakathi tombstones kwezinhloso zenzuzo kuyinto esiqoshiwe sase-behlonipha kaSimon de Montfort. castle okuthiwa Ukubala CE ekhulwini leshumi nanye, waba Museum bemivubukulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-lenqaba kukhona embukisweni enikelwe Zamacala Ezihlubuki zangeNkathi Ephakathi, ositshela ngomlando we inkantolo engavuni futhi amathuluzi embukisweni zokuhlukunyezwa.

Carcassonne (castle): Izibuyekezo

Izivakashi abaye bavakashela lapha, ngalo Ensemble medieval njengenhlangano indawo ezehlukile enomlando wasendulo kanye nobuqhawe. Muhle enhle, "fabulous" futhi obhapathiza ngokuphelele isihambi ezikhathini zasendulo, njengoba uma enza umcimbi party. Kungaba ahlole iwashi, ngazo zonke izindlela. kwabonakala City kuye kwanyamalala kwendandatho ephakathi. Akumangazi yathathwa amafilimu zomlando eziningi. Kusukela izindonga esongelayo le nqaba futhi iphefumulela namandla. Futhi lokhu isakhiwo esihlaba umxhwele sizungezwe kungekho namathafa kancane olunothile.