Battle of Hastings (dlala)

Ngo-October 1066 eduze nedolobha English Hastings kwaba enye yezimpi zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho Ephakathi. Kwakuwusuku isixhumanisi esilandelayo ngxabano we Normans ne-Anglo-Saxons. Le mpi, umphumela wayo oye baba nethonya elikhulu ku-course ikusasa umlando European, kwaba yinhlekelele iBrithani namazwe King uHarold II. Kumemori abayinzalo liye lalondolozwa njengoba Battle of Hastings.

Izenzakalo eziholela impi

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sihambe uqala ukukhuluma impi ngokwayo, ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana izenzakalo ezandulela kwaba isizathu saso. Iqiniso lokuthi umholi we Norman Duke uWilliam wathola kusukela wangaphambili iKing Edward the Confessor isithembiso asifungela ezosenza kuye indlalifa yobukhosi ngesiNgisi. Isizathu salokhu kwakuwukuthi ngisho nangaphambi ukubusa eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, u-Edward, kokuba sokwesaba sesikhundleni sokuphila kwakhe, wachitha iminyaka engu-28 laseNormandy ngaphansi ukusekelwa uMbusi kulelo zwe.

Nokho, lapho inkulu khona ingozi yayisiphelile, Edward baphindela eNgilandi olwenziwa ngokuphepha esihlalweni sobukhosi iminyaka eyabelwa kuye ukudalelwa, wakhohlwa isifungo sakhe, wafa abashiyanga imiyalelo esivuna abalindele umqhele ethenjisiwe Norman Duke uWilliam. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, wanyukela amaNgisi sobukhosi umzala Edward - okusha King eNgilandi uHarold II. Njenganoma yimuphi umuntu okhohliswayo, uWilliam bangena embhikishweni, bekhala futhi umphumela intukuthelo yakhe waqala kokufika nesikhombisa namakhulu Norman Army Septhemba 28, 1066 ku ogwini lwaseNgilandi futhi baba edabukisayo iBrithani Umqhele Battle of Hastings.

Ukuhlaselwa Normans

Ukufika kwe-Normans at ezingwini ka Albion wabheka umxhwele kakhulu. Ngokusho besikhathi, bawela i-English Channel ku ayinkulungwane imikhumbi. Ngisho noma lesi sibalo kancane nehaba, namanje weqembu lemikhumbi efanayo kwaba ukugcwalisa isikhala konke okubonakalayo, kuze emkhathizwe.

Mangisho ukuthi Duke uWilliam wakhetha ukuba bahlasele a esikahle kakhulu. Unyaka ka-Battle of Hastings kwakunzima kakhulu LaseBrithani. Ngaphambi nje kokuba ukuthi elwa nezinye abahlaseli - baseNorway. Ibutho IsiZulu inqobe phezu kwabo, kepha yena ekhathele futhi ukuphumula ababekudinga, ngoba izimbangi akhona ayengabantu abanamandla singesabi futhi abadume - amaViking. Battle of Hastings, wawunje isibili nzima kubo. Korol Garold wathola umbiko mayelana Wilhelm ayehlasela, isikhashana eNew York, lapho nje ukwenza ubuyise izinqolobane nezinye eziphathelene ibutho.

Amabutho amabili esiqine Europe

Ngokushesha abutha zonke izimpi etholakalayo anawo ngesikhathi, le nkosi washesha ukuhlangabezana isitha, futhi kakade ngo-October 13 weza eduze kwekamu, zihlukaniswe Normans ku amakhilomitha 11 kusukela emzini Hastings. Ngaphambi ekuqaleni impi bahlala kuphela ngosuku - usuku lokugcina King uHarold II, futhi abaningi balabo ababezoba zibuswe yakhe.

Raw ekuseni ekwindla enkundleni, uye kubuyiswe abalimi kanye ngoba angenalutho futhi akuthandeki, bavumelana kwamaqembu amabili elikhulu ephakathi eYurophu. izinombolo zabo ayesezohlubuka alinganayo, kodwa qualitatively zingabantu ephawulekayo sihluke nomunye. ibutho Duke kukaWilliam ngokuyinhloko amasosha professional, ehlome iphelele, waqeqesha futhi kwadingeka emva kwakhe nakho okucebisayo lempi.

Ubuthakathaka ibutho lenkosi uHarold

Ngokungafani abaphikisi babo, Anglo-Saxons alethwe emkhakheni impi impi, ingxenye eyinhloko okwakubekelwa inabasebenzi kusukela nabezempi nabalimi abancane, futhi kuphela ingxenye encane servicemen zawo zazilotshiwe abameleli yezikhulu namabutho elite - siqu retinue wasebukhosini. Lapho sebephindele e ifa izinkemba ezimbili ngilambatha, impi-ngezimbazo nemikhonto, kuyilapho nabezempi kwezikhali lalinabashumayeli izinto okungahleliwe kakhulu - ongumlimi pitchforks, izimbazo, noma umane Dubin ngamatshe efakwe kuyo.

Futhi ukuntula ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhudlwana-Anglo-Saxon ibutho - wayengenazo abagibela amahhashi yabacibishelayo. Kunzima ukusho nokuthi kungani kwenzekile lokho, kodwa ngalezo zinsuku, ezihambayo ngehhashi, British pre-mpi wehla waya ku kuhlasela ngezinyawo kuphela. Futhi, usithe kanye nokuntuleka anyanisi, lokhu esinamandla emhloleni Ephakathi. Phezu kwakho konke-ke kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le mashi okusheshayo ezweni lonke ayikwazanga ziye zahlukunyezwa bakhathele kakade wangaphambili yokulwa amabutho.

Ngosuku lapho impi Hastings

Ngakho, konke sekulungele impi ewumnqamula-juqu. Ngezinye 9 ekuseni ku -14 Okthoba 1066 ke waqala Battle odumile Hastings. Kafushane echaza isikhundla kwamabutho amabili phambi kwayo, kudingeka uqaphele kuphela ukuthi British zikleliswe, edonsa phambili kahle ahlomile, kodwa amayunithi izitatanyiswa ezimbalwa, nezihlangu zawo serried babe kahle ahlomile, nakuba egcwele lokulwa umoya, izidlamlilo ongumlimi.

I Normans wakha ukulwa izinhlu ezintathu, okuyinto wabavumela ukuba afeze aqondisa ngokuhambisana isimo. iphiko lesencele lalinabafundi Bretons, kwesokudla - of Amasosha isiFulentshi, futhi phakathi nendawo zamabutho main abangu bagxila - esindayo, udibi abagqoke Norman Knights eholwa iNkosana. Phambi amabutho main babe abacibisheli futhi crossbowmen, hit isitha ngaphambi kokungena mbeni ke.

Ukuqala impi

Battle of Hastings uzungezwe nge zinganekwane eziningi, futhi manje kunzima ukuhlukanisa nezenzakalo zangempela namanga. Yingakho kwezinye izincwadi ekutshela ukuthi owaqala ngokuvukela lukaKhisimusi sikhathi umdlalo. Mighty Norman knight okuthiwa Ivo ngokuthi Duel isosha engengaphansi okukhazimulayo okuvela kwababusi King UHarold. Emshaya ulwa fair, yena ngokuvumelana namasiko kwenkathi, le eyiNgisi ikhanda futhi wayithatha njengendodakazi indondo. Ngakho ngeshwa ngoba Anglo-Saxons at Hastings, waqala impi. Killed awuzange nje elinye lamasosha wabulala nguye samuntu wonke ibutho lenkosi UHarold.

Ekhuthazwe yindlela lwempumelelo Normans aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala ukulwa. Umbiki leyo minyaka abonisa ukuthi abantu abalwa ngeminsalo, crossbowmen yithela kwababusi Anglo-Saxons ifu imicibisholo nemishudo CROSSBOW, kodwa efihlekile ngemuva izihlangu serried emi phambi amayunithi elite, bona ayefana okungenakubhubhiseka. Bese kuthi-ke Normans yabonisa amakhono kweqiniso sokudubula. Bathumela imicibisholo yabo cishe thwi phezulu, nalabo ezichazwe emoyeni elihambisana trajectory, hit isitha ngenhla, kubabulali umonakalo eside.

Ihlasela abakhwele amahhashi elisindayo Normans

Leso senzakalo esilandelayo olugqamile kwaliwa ukuhlaselwa kabi Norman nalawo agibela amahhashi. Bayafihleka Knights baphuthuma phambili oniselwa konke endleleni yayo. Kodwa kumelwe ngincome isibindi waseBritish: abazange flinch ngaphambi kwalokhu baba ngendathane. Njengoba kuye kwashiwo yakho, imigqa yabo yokuqala babengamaqhawe kahle ahlomile kusukela onogada siqu iNkosana.

At onawo yabo kwakungama-okuthiwa ama-eksisi Danish. It is ngokukhethekile impi-ngembazo nge isibambo namamitha nengxenye ubude. Ngokusho ofakazi, umthelela into enjalo futhi knight dissected bayafihleka futhi ihhashi lakhe. Ngenxa yalokho we Norman abakhwele amahhashi zinhlanga incurring balahlekelwa kakhulu.

Amaqhinga zamanga lisuka

Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi phezu flank kwesokunxele zenzakalo zenzeka, ezingalindelekile iBrithani. I Normans kuthiwa ngobuciko kakhulu wasebenzisa iqhinga ukubaleka zamanga, yabonisa ubungoti omkhulu futhi kubumbana. Ekholisayo walingisa nezikhundla zabo uvalo ukubaleka, Normans sokucasuka Anglo-Saxons ku balwe ungakulungele, uphatheke kabi isikhundla sabo futhi mubi kakhulu.

Bayengelwa kusukela imigqa jikelele bokulwa we Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi wehlelo amaqhawe, ngokungazelelwe Normans waphenduka, bamukela indandatho zabo aminyene futhi uyobhubhisa zonke kokugcina. Ngeshwa, amasosha King uHarold baye bayisebenzisa kanjani nalesi sithiyo, iyiphi iziphetho ezivumelekile abaphikisi ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuphinda iqhinga efanayo.

Ekufeni kweNkosi uHarold

I ukulahlekelwa kulowo British Yiqiniso, buthaka ingxabano yabo umthamo, kodwa nokho baqhubeka ekwazi ukumelana sina esitheni, futhi owaziyo ukuthi yini umphumela uma kwakunjalo wayemelwe impi ye Hastings, uma kungekhona ingozi, ngezindlela eziningi ziye zabangela ukuba Umphumela odabukisayo impi yase-England.

indaba zomlando yaleyo minyaka lisitshela ukuthi elinesibindi Korol Garold II sina walinyazwa nemicibisholo okungahleliwe. It abamhlaba nasesweni lakhe lokunene, kodwa, ngokuvumelana mlando efanayo, iqhawe nesibindi kwesokunxele ohlelweni - wangikhiphela umcibisholo nezandla ukopha futhi waphuthuma angena empini. Kodwa buthakathaka ukulimala, yena uyakunqunywa ngokushesha Norman Knights. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nalo ibulale kokubili umfowabo, wayala amabutho.

Ukunqotshwa nokufa-Anglo-Saxon ibutho

Ngakho, inkosi ubulawelwe Battle of Hastings, kanye nabafowabo abagcotshwe. Anglo-Saxon, zempi basuka ngaphandle umyalo, walahlekelwa into ebaluleke kakhulu - umoya wokulwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-Ngemizuzwana kusukela amabutho esesabekayo sebenzi it jikisa nga isixuku demoralized ubaleke. I Normans babe baxoxelane nge uyahlanya ukwethuka abantu ngokweyisa futhi bazibulala waphakamisela.

Ngakho ignominiously empini umqhele English waphelela Hastings. ukuthi iNkosi abulawe, umzimba wakhe uphuthunyiswe ukusika by London ukwenze ngenjongo yokungilungiselela ukungcwatshwa. Abafile nabafowabo, futhi ndawonye nabo enkundleni yempi wahlala amanga izinkulungwane zamasosha owafa yinkosi yabo. ukunakekelwa British ngomlando wabo, endaweni lapho emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, kwakukhona le mpi, Isigodlo yasungulwa, ne-altare lalo eyinhloko esontweni ncamashi lapho abulawa uHarold II.

Ukunqotshwa, okuyinto anikeza ugqozi ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla

Njengoba iwine ngo-Hastings, iNkosana uWilliam wathumela ibutho lakhe ku London walithatha ngaphandle kobudisi. I-Anglo-Saxon Izicukuthwane yaphoqeka ukuba ivume ilungelo lakhe kwesihlalo sobukhosi, futhi ngo-December 1066 wagcotshwa. Ngokwabacwaningi yesimanje, lezi zinguquko Sakushintsha yonke inkambo yomlando European. Nge ukubusa ubukhosi, iNkosana UWilliam wayithatha emlandweni wasendulo futhi wawushiywe yisikhathi eside yakhe-Anglo-Saxon izwe, indawo amakhosi ohlanga eyodwa amakhosi asendulo, ngokusekelwe emandleni eqinile wasebukhosini.

Wabanikeza yisisusa esinamandla ukuthi avunyelwe England isikhathi esifushane ukuze ngibe ngomunye amazwe aseYurophu amaningi asethuthukile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkosi ubulawelwe Battle of Hastings nebutho lakhe lanqotshwa ukunqotshwa yaphenduka inzuzo ukwamukeleka ngaphandle kokungatshazwa esimweni. Kwakukhona omunye zango ukuthi kukhona umlando ophanayo ngakho. "Ngubani wayinqoba impi" Zibuze lo mbuzo, Impendulo isobala - the Normans. Futhi ukungitshela, ngubani ekugcineni wathola kusuka kule inzuzo mlando? AmaNgisi. Ngakho ukuphendula umbuzo othi obani owanqoba impi ye Hastings, musa ugijimele.

I ibonisa lo mcimbi kule isiko wesimanje

Lona umcimbi mlando, okuyinto kwathatha amakhulu eminyaka eziyisishiyagalolunye kanye nengxenye edlule, njalo esivusa isithakazelo lososayensi, abantu yobuciko, futhi nje kulabo abathanda bembe uthuli emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Esikhathini izincwadi, wayehumusha umsebenzi wakhe Heine kanye AK UTolstoy. Italian power metal band "Madzhesti" eyakhishwa ngo-2002 I-albhamu esizinikezele le mpi. Kuhlanganisa amathrekhi 12. A abenzi mafilimu British wathwebula movie amabili, izindaba okuncike impi edumile.

Ebusheni ke kwaduma computer game wadala okusekelwe indaba kulo mcimbi. Lokho nje igama lakhe langempela ngokuvamile liphinyiselwe ngokungalungile, esebenzisa amazwi athi "Battle of Hastings". Nokho, lokhu kuphela izindleko subculture kwentsha. Ngokuvamile, intshisekelo ezibanzi enjalo emlandweni kanye nemicimbi eminyaka eyadlula Yebo, kuyiqiniso yakhuthaza kakhulu.