Basendulo baseGibithe unkulunkulukazi Maat

Abakhileyo eGibhithe lasendulo babekholelwa ukuthi ukukhulekela nezidalwa ahlukahlukene waphezulu, ungathola ukuvikelwa kwezamabhizinisi futhi sikufisela inhlanhla. UNkulunkulu wayengamvusa zifanekisela impumelelo kule mpi, bese kuphumela esivunweni esihle, injabulo kanye nezinye izinto ezinhle. Maat - omunye izinto edume kakhulu yokukhulekela. Yalesi unkulunkulukazi, sizobe ukukhuluma namuhla.

Lokho komculo we Maat?

Goddess Maat, ngokuvumelana Ezinganekwaneni zaseGibithe komculo iqiniso ngokuvumelana nobulungisa. Ngemva kokuphela nezinxushunxushu eplanethini yethu yaqala futhi ukuhlela oda kuso. Maat, unkulunkulukazi eyindodakazi kankulunkulu welanga, uRa. Wayeqale wahlala phakathi abafayo abavamile, kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi satholana wathutha ezulwini, ngoba wayengasakwazi ukumelana unesimo sokona labantu emhlabeni.

Ukubukeka unkulunkulukazi

Abadwebi basendulo ukuboniswa ukubukeka kwakhe. Unkulunkulukazi Maat Ancient Egypt lalimelela owesifazane ohlezi sandy egqumeni. Intshe feather Kuhlobisa yakhe ekhanda. Ngezinye izikhathi ufanekiselwe ezinamaphiko, esisogwini ngemuva, unkulunkulukazi Maat. Izithombe abekwe ngezansi - singesinye sezibonelo ezinjalo.

Kwezinye izimo-ke kwaba kungaveli kakhulu lokhu unkulunkulukazi, futhi izimfanelo zayo - amagquma sandy, lapho ehlezi, noma uphaphe nentshe. Maat, ngokuvumelana izinganekwane kwabaseGibhithe, kwaba ngomfazi unkulunkulu ngokuhlakanipha Thoth.

Njengoba unkulunkulukazi Maat isinqumo isiphetho oshonile?

Ubethula bahileleke ekwenzeni izinqumo mayelana isiphetho efile. AbaseGibhithe lasendulo babekholelwa ukuthi umuntu embusweni abafileyo ngemva kokufa. Lapha kukhona segumeni elikhulu. Umufi livela phambi konkulunkulu 42. Kuyinto ba abanquma Isiphelo sakhe.

Okokuqala, kumele oshonile kunqunywa ukuthi waba qotho esikhathini sakhe. amazwi akhe ukuze ihlolwe ngendlela elandelayo: kwenye isikali ukubeka nentshe wakhe feather ka Maat, kanti eyesibili onkulunkulu ibekwe umphefumulo ofile. Uma kwakuba lula, lanikeza umufi okuphakade ngokunganaki ukuphila. Kodwa uma feather ka Maat liphume, umphefumulo sibheke ukuhlushwa kwaphakade. Wadla Region of lion enekhanda ingwenya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Anubis eliyifa esikalini. Lokhu unkulunkulu uvezwa inhloko impungushe. Futhi omunye Maat, sihamba umusho.

Maat isithombe ngokwaso okungukuthi futhi ngokuvamile ibekwe esilinganisweni, okuyinto walinganisa umphefumulo. AmaHholo amaqiniso amabili (okwehlukile - IAATO) laqanjwa ngokuthi ihholo, lapho enquma inani yesono somuntu.

Njengoba Maat basiza ophilayo?

Lokhu unkulunkulukazi alibasizanga kuphela etholakala umbuso efile, kodwa niphilele. Kukholakala ukuthi Ma'at ukubukelwa kubantu abanengqondo futhi sithembeke. Kule ndoda engenaso wavikelwa zehlazo, mababuze ngalokhu-ke manje. Uma unkulunkulukazi Maat bayaqiniseka ukuthi kubutwa ngoba okumsulwa imicabango, yena intando uthando futhi uyovikela kulo yakhe yokuphila. Uma kungaba yokungathembeki, iyokuhola lo muntu endleleni ukulungiswa. Ukuncelisa Maat esingayithola ngokwenza zonke amasiko futhi enze emikhosini kudingekile behlonipha wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka do kuphela izenzo.

Maat - uphawu oda

Maat, unkulunkulukazi lwaseGibhithe lasendulo - uphawu ehleleke kanje, uNkulunkulu amnika ngesikhathi ekudalweni kwemhlaba. Ngokusho lokhu ukuze likwazi eziningi izinqubo ezibalulekile: ukunyakaza kwezindikimba zasezulwini, ushintsho zonyaka ekuxhumaneni kwabantu nezidalwa ahlukahlukene saphezulu. Maat ku isimiso yonke imithetho zokuphila yaseGibhithe lasendulo.

Izimiso zalesi unkulunkulukazi kwaba kahle elula, kodwa ukunikeza oda emhlabeni, inqunywe nguNkulunkulu, zigcinwe kobungane nobudlelwane phakathi abakhileyo emhlabeni, wafundisa zibhekane nemiphumela yezenzo zazo. I abantu basendulo babekholelwa ukuthi Inkosi esebenzela amasimu ummeleli wawonkulunkulu kule planethi. Nguye onikele sibonga inqubo ukwethulwa e ezimpilweni zansuku zonke izakhamuzi nemicikilisho ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo wokuqeda ubutha nalezo zinxushunxushu. UFaro, e kuwuphawu lokuthi imiyalo elisebenzisekayo wonkulunkulu, waletha esifanekisweni ukuze ubuso bakhe nge isithombe lonkulunkulukazi Maat. Lokhu statuette yaseGibhithe lasendulo wawungelona nje uhide kwesithixo. It okungukuthi ngalezo zikhathi sasifanekisela ukuchuma aphakeme ngokuvumelana. Kukholakala ukuthi njengophawu ukusungulwa oda ezweni Maat kuze kunganikelwa kwezinye izithixo emazulwini. Kube Lathi lokho nezinxushunxushu ezazikhona okwesikhathi eside isikhathi, wanqoba.

Izicelo Eziya Kuziphathimandla Maat

Kukholakala ukuthi ulimi kumuntu osho imibhalo engcwele, ebhekisela Ma'at kumele liqoshwe sibalo lonkulunkulukazi. Ngakho-ke, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi ungakwazi ukufeza oda oyifunayo, ukwenza izenzo ezithile, kunokuba nje amazwi.

I abantu basendulo babekholelwa ukuthi inkosi yenza imithetho wokuphila, okuyinto abakhileyo bomhlaba kwakufanele ayilandelwanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena, ongowozalo luka-unkulunkulu, kwaba owumthombo emhlabeni ngendlela yakhe. AbaseGibhithe lasendulo ngokuthi umbusi wabo Netzher Nefer. Lokhu kwakusho ngendlela engokoqobo translation "incarnation Maat." Ngale ndlela bangathanda ukugcizelela ukuthi inkosi - omele amandla waphezulu ezulwini.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuthembeka Maat futhi oFaro

Ngemva kokuqala izibhelu eGibhithe, lapho abaningi ensimini uMbuso yanqoba kwamanye amazwe, ukuvikelwa lonkulunkulukazi Maat wayengaselona ethandwa kangaka njengakuqala. Kancane kancane, kanti oFaro elahlekile ukuthembeka. Zazingeke zisaba ukwenza imithetho ehloselwe balondoloze ukuhleleka ezweni labaphilayo. Nalapha ku nezinxushunxushu iplanethi nokubi.

Vector ubumbano mpo babevamile esingashintshi kuze kufinyelelwe esikhathini Old Kingdom, lapho igunya Maat waba mkhulu. Yonke imithetho kulokhu zazivela nezidalwa zaphezulu, kancane kancane ukufinyelela Earth. Yabo ibulawa ngesihluku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isiqondiso faro. Nokho, umbusi ngesikhathi Nezinkinga wayengasakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa yabo. Inkathi ovundlile ubumbano. Ngaleso sikhathi abantu baqala amemeze isizathu sakhe, hhayi onkulunkulu.

Iqiniso nokukhanya

izimiso ezimbili sabekwa ngesisekelo zonke ekuphileni e Ancient Egypt Umphakathi: iqiniso futhi ukukhanya. Nkulunkulu Shu ukukhanya elawulwa nokuhleleka leqiniso yonke inakekelwa Maat, unkulunkulukazi iqiniso. AbaseGibhithe babekholelwa ukuthi abantu abadalwa ngomfanekiso kaNkulunkulu. Ukuze asondele kunesidingo nakakhulu ukuba kudlule ngamunye indlela kusengaphambili ekuphileni. I abantu basendulo babekholelwa ukuthi kwelizayo ukhona. Man iqala azulazule khona ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba, emva agcwalise yonke imisebenzi emhlabeni. Kukholakala ukuthi ngemva kwalezo imiphefumulo ezulazulayo ukuba indoda ifinyelele eqophelweni eliphakeme.

Izinyosi - uphawu Maat

Izinyosi olunye lwezimpawu of Maat. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, iqembu abavubukuli baseBrooklyn Museum okokuqala wahlola ethuneni Ramesses XI, ngubani eSigodini yamakhosi. Livame ukusetshenziswa indela unkom 'idlayodwa owayehlala lapha. Ekuhloleni ethuneni kwatholakala ekhosombeni amaningi. Kulezi zihloko, senzelwe nemicikilisho ehlukahlukene nemikhosi zitholakele. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ebaziwe kwatholakala, elinikeza Maat, unkulunkulukazi lwaseGibhithe lasendulo, futhi Ramses XI.

Ngokusho kwenye legend, unkulunkulu Ra lapho kudalwa umhlaba baye ngikhale izinyembezi ambalwa. Ngemva kwesikhashana baqala izinyosi. Izinambuzane baqala ukuletha wax noju njengesipho kuMdali. It is esetshenziswa izakhamuzi wax waseGibhithe lasendulo ukudala imifanekiso eminingi oFaro nonkulunkulu. Kukholakala ukuthi ngokusebenzisa wamenzela sibalo zingathinta abantu ngisho nezidalwa zaphezulu. Ngakho-ke wahlulwa, ezifana Apophis, isitha eyinhloko Ra.

Lesilinganisiwe uFaro esetshenziswa wax izibalo. Ngokwesibonelo, befuna ukubulala umyeni wakhe, umka-Ramses III wenza izithombe esibonisa ukuthi lo faro. Kanjalo eyenga ubuthakathi.

Amathempeli e kuhlonishwa unkulunkulukazi u-, imigidi namasiko

Ngo eziningi amathempeli baseGibhithe lasendulo kukhona imidwebo esibonisa unkulunkulukazi Egypt Maat. Noma kunjalo, elalizokwakhiwa e wakhe udumo emathempelini cishe lapho. Enye yalezi ezingcwele Itholakala Deir el-Medina, kanye nezinye - eKarnak. Ingxenye yokugcina ethempelini ka Montu.

AbaseGibithe uhloniphe ukuze Maat kwenziwe amasiko nemicikilisho. Fragments babo babehamba kuvezwa ku ezindongeni zezakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye wabo uwine uFaro yethulwa phezu labantu kwamanye amazwe futhi ukusungulwa oda ezindaweni yanqotshwa. Ngesinye odongeni okubonisa faro ngenkathi ukuzingela izinyoni zasogwini. Lizungezwe onkulunkulu. Kukholakala ukuthi le nyoni elifanekisela isitha, ngakho ukubulala kufanele kube ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemva kwalokhu kabusha ukusungula nobunye emhlabeni.

igama Maat

Igama Maat lalivame ukuba ingxenye yezinye waseGibhithe amagama. Kukholakala ukuthi uzomvikela lwezikhali yayo kusukela izizindlo ezimbi nokuziphatha ababi. On umpristi ophakeme wakwa-Egypt futhi basakaza kwethonya Maat. Wayegqoka esifubeni sakhe njengophawu lokuthi simthande phambi igolide wakhe elengayo, lapho unkulunkulukazi waseGibhithe Ma'at wayechazwa.