Amazambane Tuleevsky: incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo (isithombe)

Ukuthandwa kwamazambane ezweni lethu kungafaniswa nokuthandwa kwesinkwa. Kusukela kule mifino yonke yemvelo kulungiselelwa izitsha eziningi, futhi ucabange ingadi yemifino ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esabelwe amazambane, ngokuvamile akunakucabangeki. Kunezinhlobo eziningi. Ahluke nje kuphela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa nokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi nendlela izimfanelo zabo zokunambitheka ezivezwe kahle ngayo. Kodwa ama-tateevsky amazambane angasetshenziswa ngokuphelele noma yiliphi uhlobo, ngaphandle kwalokho, elicwengekile.

Izimpawu zalesi sitshalo segadi

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zavela ngenxa yomsebenzi oneminyaka eyishumi wokukhiqiza abafuywayo. I-Potato Tulezky inesikhathi sokuvuthwa esiphakathi. Iminyaka ngokwesilinganiso izinsuku eziyikhulu. Libhekwa ngokushisa okuphakathi, okuphakama okuphakathi okuphakathi kwezimbali ezimhlophe namaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-oval ezinamehlo angenalutho zinombala ophuzi, umbala ofanayo nenyama. Isikhumba sinokubonakala okufanayo.

Umkhiqizo wezinhlobonhlobo uhle kakhulu. Ngokwezibuyekezo zabalimi beloli, kumnandi ukumba amazambane amaningi kangaka. Uhlobo lwe-Tuleevsky oluvela esihlahleni esisodwa lunganika iziqephu ezingamashumi amabili zesithelo. Amazambane amancane ajwayelekile kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo samazambane angama 250-350 amagremu. Ezimweni ezihlukile yena, ngokuqinisekile, ukunakekelwa, angafinyelela isibalo se kilogram.

Izinzuzo zamazambane

Ukugcina kulezi mbatata kuhle kakhulu. Akesabi izifo ezinjengesiko, i-phytophthora, umdlavuza wezambatho, lapho ezinye izinhlobonhlobo zikhona. Futhi ukumelana nama-parasites nokubola kuchaza isimo esihle samazambane ngemuva kokugcina isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ngokulingana kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngokutholakala kwezinhlobonhlobo kwi-potato nematode yegolide.

Umkhiqizo ongavamile wezinhlobonhlobo uvezwe okuncane kakhulu. Futhi inani lokuvuna alincike kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala.

Izimfanelo zokunambitheka ezingenakuqhathaniswa namazambane emafilini abilisiwe, okuthosiwe futhi okubhakiwe ziphawulwe yilowo nalowo owake wazama. I-reference ukunambitheka i-Adretty Tuleevsky ayikho indlela engaphansi kwayo. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlanjululwayo ziyinqaba kakhulu lapho zimba futhi emva kokugcina isikhathi eside.

I-Potato Tuleevsky ayimelene nesomiso, njengoba kuboniswe ngabalimi ngokwabo.

Ekuvuthweni kokuqala, ezihlukahlukene akuzona eziphansi kunoma yiziphi ezinye ezihlukahlukene ezaziwa.

Amazambane amaMbewu

Amazambane ekukhuphukeni kwalolu hlobo kufanele athengwe kusengaphambili, njengoba ngaphambi kokufika emhlabathini kufanele kufudumele ekamelweni elifudumele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amazambane kaTuleevsky, incazelo echazwe ngenhla, kufanele ibekwe endaweni encane futhi ishiye amasonto ambalwa. Ukukhanyisa egumbini kufanele kube kuhle, kodwa ukukhanya kwelanga ekukhanyeni okushisa akufanele kuwile. Zivimbela ukwakheka kwe-enzyme yama-potato i-solonine, okuyiyona eyabangela izindawo ezivikelayo ezihlukahlukene ezifweni nasebandleni elibandayo. Ukukhanya kufanele kuhlakazeke.

Indlela yokutshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeTuleevsky

Izinhlobonhlobo zitshalwe ezindaweni zokudla. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, izilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zihlulwe futhi zivumele ukuba zifudumele kakade kule nkinga. Ukutshala la mazambane akufanelekile. Uhlobo lwe-Tuleevsky ludinga indawo yentuthuko. Uhlelo oluhle lokutshala luyiminyaka engama-70 kuya ku-40. Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, i-tuber ngayinye kufanele ifakwe emanzini okushisa. Uma kukhona kungenzeka, amandla nokubekezela, khona-ke phansi komgodi kufanele kuhlanganiswe utshani noma amahlumela amancane, okungavikela imbewu ukuthi ivele iqhwa.

Kuyini okudingekayo ekutheni iBuleevsky ebanga isimangaliso

I-Potato Tuleevsky ayidingi ukunakekelwa okhethekile, kepha imithetho eminingana yokukhula kufanele ilandelwe, ngoba kuyindlela ecacile yokusebenza okuzoqinisekisa ukuthi isivuno esihle. Into yokuqala ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zidinga ngempela ku-hilling, okuzodingeka kwenziwe kathathu ngenkathi ngayinye. Isikhathi sokuqala lokhu kuzodingeka kwenziwe ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala. Isikhathi sesibili - esikhathini sokuqhakaza. Futhi ungakhathazeki ngokuthi ifihlekile imbali noma ivinjelwe. Lokhu akuthinti isivuno samazambane . I-hilling yesithathu ngesikhatsi lapho amaqabunga evele esenele esitokisini.

Amazambane Tuleevsky (incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ingafundwa ngenhla) ayidingi ukuphuza nhlobo. Akusikho uphonsa lwamanzi kulo lonke ihlobo ngeke ludinge imifino enganaki.

Endabeni yalezi ezihlukahlukene, kuzodingeka sikhohlwe ngamakhomikhali amakhemikhali asejwayelekile kithi. I-Superphosphate ne- ammonium nitrate ayinqatshelwe. Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zithinta umanyolo kanye nama-humus. Uma izwe liye lakhulelwa ngaphambili, lokhu akudingekile.

Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi bubonisa izibopho ezingenzeka phakathi kwe-tuber, ebonakala ngokuntuleka kwe-boron emhlabathini. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezine-voids azikwazi ukugcinwa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqala ukuhlola ngokutshala indawo encane ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi ifanele futhi inezakhi zomzimba ezidingekayo ebangeni elinikeziwe .

Isitoreji seTuleevsky

Uma amazambane ekulungiselele zonke izithemba ezibekelwe futhi kukhona nesifiso sokukutshala ngonyaka ozayo, khona-ke ungakhetha ngokushesha inombolo edingekayo yezilimo eziyizigaxa bese ubashiya imbewu. Indawo yokugcina imbewu kufanele itholakale yedwa, okungukuthi, imbewu yezilimo eziyizigaxa akufanele zisondele kwezinye izinhlobo. Izithelo ezihloselwe ukudla zizogcinwa ngokuphelele kwezinye izinhlobo.

Ukuze isitoreji, amazambane kufanele alungiswe ngokuwahlanza bese ebeka ungqimba omncane endaweni ekhanyayo. Ngemuva kokumiswa, amazambane amahlumela anganciphisa kwisitoreji esikhulu. Ukushisa kwomoya ekamelweni elikhethiwe akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka -3 ° C. Umswakama kufanele ube ngu-95%. Uma ukuguquka okuphawulekayo ekushiseni kwe-air kulindeleke, khona-ke izilimo eziyizigaxa zembewu kumele zifakwe ngokungeziwe nge-layer or straw material.

I-Potato Tuleevsky, isithombe sakhe esinikezwe ngenhla, ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwebalimi beloli, kuqinisekisa ukuthi uyathandwa. Njengoba kunenani lamandla, isikhathi nezindleko zezimali, isivuno simane nje sihle kakhulu.