Izinhlobo nezindlela kolwazi Umbono

Daily kumuntu ngamunye ehlala omningi ulwazi. Sibhekene nezinga nezimo ezintsha, izinto, imihlola. Abanye abantu ngaphandle kwezinkinga ukuba sibhekane nale ukugeleza ulwazi kanye ngempumelelo ukuyisebenzisa kuzobazuzisa. Abanye bayehluleka ukukhumbula yini. Ngezindlela eziningi, lesi simo alichaza umuntu okuqondene uhlobo oluthile indlela ekutholeni ulwazi. Uma wakhonza esinjengomuntu ungakhululekile, ukucutshungulwa yayo kuyoba nzima kakhulu.

Kuyini Imininingwane?

Umqondo "Imininingwane" kuyinto ukubaluleka lokuhlaziya, futhi ezicini eziningi definition kwawo kuxhomeke kulokho umongo. Kuhunyushwe kusuka Latin kusho "incazelo", "buka", "ajwayelane". Ngokuvamile, elithi "ulwazi" libhekisela amaqiniso amasha ukuthi ziqondakala futhi aqondwe indoda, kanye ewusizo. Phakathi ngokucubungula ulwazi lokuqala wathola abantu ulwazi oluthile.

Njengoba ulwazi wathola?

Imininingwane bezibona indoda - is bajwayelane izenzakalo futhi izinto ngokusebenzisa umthelela ngezindlela ezingafani. Ukuhlaziya impendulo into ethile noma isimo kwezitho obonayo, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukuthinta, ukunambitha kanye touch, ngamunye uthola iphuzu elithile ngazo. Ngakho, ngesisekelo senqubo okuqonda - sisangulukile ezinhlanu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bahileleke ekuphileni kwabantu zokugcina nolwazi ngaphambi. Ekhuluma nabo, ulwazi akunakubangelwa asho into eyaziwa kakade noma ekhishwe inyumbazane abangelwa yisisindo Imininingwane e wodwana. Izindlela nabheka Imininingwane esekelwe ezinye izinqubo ezihlobene psyche womuntu:

• ukucabanga (bebona noma ukuzwa into noma mkhuba, abantu ukuqala ukucabanga, ukuqaphela ukuthi ihlangabezane);
• inkulumo (ikhono ukubiza into okuqonda);
• imizwa (izinhlobo ezahlukene ukusabela bezibona izinto);
• ngeke (ikhono lomuntu ukuhlela inqubo okuqonda).

isethulo kolwazi

Imininingwane kule ipharamitha zingahlukaniswa zibe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Umbhalo. Yena umelwe ngesimo izinhlamvu ahlukahlukene, okuyinto, kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba uthole amagama, amabinzana, imisho kunoma yiluphi ulimi.
• Yezinombolo. Lolu lwazi olunikezwa izinombolo kanye nezinhlamvu eziveza operation ezithile zezibalo.
• PA. It is ukukhuluma ngqo lapho ulwazi sisuka komunye umuntu, futhi urekhode ezahlukene.
• Graphics. Kuhlanganisa amashadi, amagrafu, nemidwebo, nezinye izithombe.

Umbono kanye nokunikeza ulwazi atehlukaniseki. Umuntu ngamunye ezama ukhethe ukuthi okuphakelayo okufana idatha ipha sokuqonda kwabo.

Izindlela nabheka Imininingwane yomuntu

kulahlwa Le ndoda kukhona izindlela ezimbalwa ezifana. Basuke kuchazwe izinzwa ezinhlanu: emehlweni, ukuzwa, touch, zokunambitha nokuhogela. Kule ndaba, kukhona indlela ulwazi ngezigaba Umbono:

• ezibukwayo;
• umsindo;
• ethintekayo;
• ukunambitheka;
• olfactory.

Ulwazi ezibukwayo ibonwa esebenzisa iso. Siyabonga kubo, e ubuchopho bomuntu ithola ezihlukahlukene ebukwayo, iziphi ke asesetshenziswe khona. Izindlebe adingekayo Bebona Imininingwane wathola ngesimo imisindo (inkulumo, umsindo, amasignali umculo). izitho Okuthintekayo banesibopho bezibona kungenzeka kolwazi ethintekayo. Receptor ise isikhumba, enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa into ngaphansi cwaningo, uhlobo injalo ebusweni. Imininingwane Nambithani engena ubuchopho kusukela receptor olimini futhi iguqulwe ibe isignali lapho umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi umkhiqizo: omuncu, sweet, ebabayo noma anosawoti. Inzwa yokuhogela futhi kusisiza nolwazi emhlabeni ngaphandle, okuvumela ukuhlukanisa futhi ukukhomba iphunga ahlukahlukene. A indima enkulu bezibona Imininingwane udlala nombono. It seyihlanganisa 90% Ulwazi olutholayo. Imininingwane Sound bezibona indlela (ukusakaza, isibonelo) imayelana 9%, kanye nezinye izinzwa obhekene% 1 kuphela.

izinhlobo okuqonda

Ulwazi efanayo etholakale nganoma iyiphi indlela ethile, umuntu ngamunye ibonwa ehlukile. Othile, emva kwesikhashana kokufunda enye Amakhasi yencwadi kalula fingqa nokuqukethwe kwalo, omunye akazange awukhumbule cishe noma yini. Kodwa uma umuntu onjalo ufunda indaba efanayo ngokuzwakalayo, kulula nokuzala inkulumo kumemori. Lezi umehluko ukunquma Umbono esithile womuntu ulwazi, ngamunye ephethe uhlobo oluthile. Kunezinhlobo ezine:

• Okubonakalayo.
• Audialy.
• Kinesthetic.
• Leyehlukene.

Ngokuvamile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi hlobo okuqonda kuyinto evelele umuntu nokuthi yini limelela. Lokhu kwenza kube ngcono kakhulu ukuqonda mutual phakathi kwabantu, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ngokushesha futhi ngokugcwele adlulisele ukwaziswa okudingekile ukuba umngane wakhe.

Okubonwayo

Laba abantu engibathandayo isitho avelele izinzwa enqubeni yokufunda zezwe futhi bezibona Imininingwane kungumbono. Bona kahle ukukhumbula izinto ezintsha, uma zingibona ngesimo umbhalo, izithombe, amashadi namagrafu. Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuba akhulume izinto ezibonwayo amagama ajwayelekile, ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne izici bezinto ngokubala izici zawo zangaphandle, kakhulu umsebenzi umbono ( "ukubona", "ukukhanya", 'inkanyezi', "sizobona", "Ngicabanga"). Abantu abanjalo ngokuvamile bathi elikhulu, okusheshayo, ngenkuthalo gesticulate isikhashana. Okubonakalayo sinake kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo, imvelo.

Audialy

Ukuze audialov lula kakhulu sokwetshisa lokho ababekubheka wezwa futhi akambonanga kayikhulu. Izici okuqonda ulwazi la abantu ikhono lazo alalele ngokucophelela futhi ukukhumbula wathi engxoxweni nosebenza nabo noma umndeni, kanye izinkulumo at sikhungo noma bethula inkulumo kulo mhlangano. Audialy babe nesilulumagama enkulu, enhle ukukhuluma nabo. Laba bantu bayazi ukuthi bangamsiza kanjani ngokuphelele ukukholisa interlocutor engxoxweni naye. yokuchitha isizungu Active uthanda umzimba ezolile, uthanda ukulalela umculo.

kinestetiki

Touch, iphunga nokunambitheka zidlala indima ebalulekile kulo mbono kolwazi kinesthetic. Avame uthinte, siphumputha, zama ukunambitheka isihloko. Owawubalulekile kinestetikov futhi umzimba. Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuba akhulume ngabantu abanjalo ngokuvamile amagama echaza indlela ayezizwa ( 'soft', "ngokusho imizwa yami," "ntokazi"). Ukuze kinestetika ingane idinga ukuthintana ngokoqobo abathandekayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuye indlela esangana angiqabule, izingubo ukhululekile, embhedeni esithambile futhi ihlanzekile.

Izibalo leyehlukene

Izindlela kolwazi niqonda kuhlobane ngokuqondile izinzwa womuntu. Kwenqwaba yabantu uthole ulwazi esebenzisa emehlweni, ukuzwa, touch, iphunga ne ukunambitheka. Nokho, izinhlobo zolwazi ukuqonda futhi zihlanganisa eyodwa ehambisana ngokuyinhloko ukucabanga. Abantu ababona emhlabeni ngale ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi leyehlukene. Ziyakwazi mncane impela, futhi kwenzeka kuphela abadala njengoba ezinganeni logic akuyona ngokwanele athuthukile. Ngesikhathi esemncane yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuthola ulwazi ngokuqhubekayo - ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa. Kuphela ngeminyaka sebeqala ukuba bacabange ngalokho abakubonayo nabakuzwayo ngesikhathi esifanayo avulekayo ulwazi olusha.

Uhlobo okuqonda nasekwakheni izinhlelo zokufunda

Izindlela nabheka Imininingwane abantu yilo ngokuyinhloko elinquma ukuthi ukwenza lezo zifundo, eziyosebenza kakhulu kubo. Yiqiniso, abekho abantu abanjalo abamukele ulwazi olusha obelungekho ngokusebenzisa omunye sense sitho noma iqembu, isibonelo, ukuxhumana kanye nephunga. Bonke senze indima okuqonda. Nokho, njengoba azi ukuthi izinzwa kukhona alawula umuntu othize, lwenza abanye ngokushesha ukuletha kuso ulwazi oludingekayo, kanye indoda ngokwayo ingathola ukuhlela ngempumelelo inqubo ukuzithiba imfundo.

Okubonakalayo, isibonelo, kudingeka sethule wonke ulwazi olusha etholakala ngohlobo olufundwa, imidwebo kanye imidwebo. Kulokhu, ukuthi bangcono kakhulu ukuyikhumbula. Okubonakalayo ngokuvamile benza kahle sciences ngqo. Ngisho nangesikhathi beseyizingane, basuke kahle eligoqiwe puzzle, aziwa zeziphambano weJiyomethri, ukudweba kahle, isihogo, ukwakha kanye amabhlogo noma umakhi.

Audialy, ngokwehlukanisa, kulula ukuqonda ulwazi eyatholakala kusukela inkulumo. Lokhu kungaba ingxoxo nanoma ubani, inkulumo ukurekhoda. Lapho ukufunda olunye ulimi ukuze izifundo umsindo audialov akukhetha kuka okokufundisa ezinyathelisiwe. Uma usadinga ukukhumbula umbhalo olotshiwe, kungcono ukuba amemezele ngokuzwakalayo.

Kinesthetic kukhona mobile kakhulu. Bangase bathole kunzima ukugxilisa ingqondo kunoma yini isikhathi eside. nzima Ngakho abantu ukufunda khona, okuholela inkulumo noma incwadi. Inqubo kukhunjulwe eziyosebenza ngokushesha uma kinesthetic ufunde ukuxhuma theory kanye umkhuba. Kulula ukufunda wesayensi ezifana physics, i-chemistry, i-biology, lapho igama elithi yesayensi ethize noma umthetho kungenziwa inikezwe njengoba imiphumela ucwaningo olwenziwa e-laboratory.

Leyehlukene ithatha kancane isikhathi eside kunaleso abanye abantu uziqaphele ulwazi olusha. Baqale babe ukuqonda ke, balandisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwazo esikhathini esidlule. Abantu abanjalo kungaba, isibonelo, ukurekhoda uthisha inkulumo on tape, ukuze kamuva ulalele ke okwesibili. Phakathi leyehlukene amadoda abaningi besayensi njengoba enengqondo futhi okunengqondo ngabo ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Ngakho-ke, ngo-inqubo yokufunda kuyoba esiseduzane lezo zinto lapho ukunemba inquma bezibona Imininingwane - computer science, isibonelo.

Indima lokukhulumisana

Izinhlobo zolwazi bezibona kuthinte indlela indoda kungcono ukuxoxa, ngakho wayelalela kuwe. Ukuze ukubukeka esizibonayo interlocutor kubaluleke kakhulu. I ukunganaki kancane izingubo kungaba dudula ke, kuyobe sekuba i ngokuphelele kungakhathaliseki akushoyo. Ukukhuluma lanetibonwa kudingeka ukuba banake yabo komzimba, ukukhuluma ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa ukushukuma komzimba, ukuze baqinise ingxoxo imidwebo kwendikimba.

Ngo ingxoxo audialom kube amazwi zethula abasondelene naye ( "ungilalele", "umsindo omkhulu", "lithi okuningi"). Bezibona ulwazi audialom womuntu kuncike kakhulu nezinye izinkulumo kanjani umuntu. Iphimbo kufanele kube ezolile futhi ezimnandi. Nengxoxo esibalulekile audialom kangcono ukuhlehlisa, uma kubanda ngempela. Abantu abanjalo asikubekezeleli kanye amanothi shrill izwi lakhe.

Izingxoxo kinestetik kufanele kwenziwe igumbi nge air lokushisa ukhululekile futhi iphunga elimnandi. Ngakho ngezinye izikhathi abantu kudingeka uthinte omunye umuntu, ngakho-ke baqonda kangcono lokho ababekubona kwakusho ukuthini noma wezwa. Ungalindi kinestetika isinqumo okusheshayo ngokushesha ngemva ingxoxo. Wayedinga isikhathi ukulalela imizwa yabo futhi baqonde ukuthi wenza konke kulungile.

Dialogue nge step kumele yakhiwe phezu kwesimiso rationality. Kungcono ukuba uthonye esiqinile namaqiniso esayensi, imithetho. Ukuze anyuswe ulimi eqondakalayo izinombolo.