Ama-satellites we-Venus. Ingabe i-Venus ineziphuphutheki? Mangaki ama-satellite enza i-Venus? I-satellite yokufakelwa yamaVenus

Ziyini ama-satellite we-Venus? Lona umbuzo oye wabamba izingqondo ososayensi ngamakhulu eminyaka. Lo mzimba ongaqondakali we- cosmic yiyona iplanethi kuphela eyathola igama ngokuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi wesifazane. Noma kunjalo, ukungafani kweVenus akukhona nje kulokhu. Yini eyaziwa ngama-satellite eplanethi engaqondakali, okukhumbuza uMhlaba ngamandla adonsela phansi, ukwakheka nobukhulu? Ingabe bekade bekhona?

Ama-satellites we-Venus: i-Nate engavamile

Konke kwaqala ngokutholakala okuthakazelisayo, okwenziwe ngo-1672 yi-astronomer Giovanni Cassini. Omunye ososayensi abavelele ngaleso sikhathi wathola iphuzu elincane, eliseduze neVenus. Eyesaba ukwenza iphutha elingamenza abe yisisithakazelo esivumelwaneni ezenzweni zesayensi, isazi sezinkanyezi saqala ukuqala ukuveza lokho akutholakele. Kodwa-ke, le nto yaphinde yabonwa nguye ngemva kweminyaka engu-14, isazi sesasifihle. Uma ukholwa ukuthi izibalo ezenziwe nguCassini, ububanzi bezinto babuyingaphansi kweplanethi cishe izikhathi ezine.

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka kamuva, abanye ososayensi abadumile bafumana uNate oyimfihlakalo. I-satellite yeVenus (igama laqanjwa kamuva) laqaphelwa yizinkanyezi ezivelele ezifana ne-Shot, Mayer, Lagrange. Ngo-1761 ulwazi mayelana nalento lwalukhona emisebenzini yababukeli abayisihlanu abazimele, ngokuphelele kwabonakala izikhathi ezingu-18. Okuthakazelisa kunazo zonke abacwaningi banamuhla yilokho okushiwo yiShouten, owathi ngo-1761 waphawula ukuthi iVenus yawela kanjani i-disk yelanga ngamabhangqa enephuzu elincane elimnyama elilandelayo. Kwaphinde kwavela isathelayithi esingaqondakali ngo-1764 ngabaningi ababukeli ababili, bese ubonwa yi-astronomer Horrebau ngo-1768.

Ingabe kwakukhona i-satellite

Ingabe i-Venus ineziphuphutheki? Ukutholakala kukaCassini kwenza izwe lezinkanyezi lahlukaniswa laba amakamu amabili okulwa. Abanye ososayensi bathi babezibonele ngephutha iphuzu elimnyama, kuyilapho abanye bephikelela ukuthi akukaze kube khona.

Isitatimende esithakazelisayo, esibhalwe ngo-1766 yi-head of the Vienna Observatory, isihogo, sathi into ebonakalayo imane nje iyinkohliso yokukhanya futhi ayikho enye into. I-Hell ichaza umbono wakhe ngokukhanya komfanekiso weVenus, ikhono elivela eplanethi lokukhanya elizobonakala emehlweni alabo ababukeleyo. Uma ukholwa amazwi akhe, kubonakala, ukukhanya kuvela futhi ngaphakathi kwe-telescope, okuholela ekudaleni esinye isithombe esinesayizi encane.

Abasekeli bemfundiso yokuthi ama-satellites aseVenus akhona, akekho avumelana nemibono ehlukile, echazwe embukisweni weGehena. Banikeza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuphikisana, eziningi zazo ezingasinda kuze kube yilolu suku, ngoba aziqinisekisiwe ngamaqiniso.

Imfundiso ka-Ozo

Yakha kancane kancane futhi iqembu lesithathu labaososayensi, ukukhuthazwa kwezinto ezenzekayo okwaba umqondisi weRoyal Ozo Royal Observatory. Usosayensi u-Ozo wasikisela ngo-1884 ukuthi into ekhonjisiwe isondela kule planethi ngezinsuku zonke ezingu-1080, emele iplanethi ehlukene, hhayi isathelayithi. Uma ukholwa umbono wakhe, i-Nate yezinsuku ezingu-283 ijikeleze nxazonke ze-Sun, ngakho-ke yayikhiwe izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela. Ngendlela, igama lephuzu eliyimfihlakalo laphakanyiswa kulaba ososayensi.

Ngo-1887, ngesinyathelo se-Ozo, kwenziwa isifundo esikhulu, lapho umsebenzi wabo bonke ososayensi abathi babona ama satellite weVenus befundiswa. Kutholakala ukuthi, kwezinye izimo, izazi zezinkanyezi zithatha izinkanyezi ze-satellite, ezingabonakala eduze kweplanethi, ebizwa ngokuthi owesifazane wesimame. Isibonelo, isathelayithi esitshengiswayo ye-astronomer Horrebau yayiyinkanyezi nje yenkanyezi yeLibra.

Isimiso sabososayensi

Ingabe kukhona ama-satellite engokwemvelo weVenus? Impendulo yokuqala engalungile kulo mbuzo yayilangazelela ukunikeza uDane Carl Jansen. Ngo-1928, isazi sezinkanyezi, esidumile ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, savuma esidlangalaleni ukuthi iplanethi, ebizwa ngokuthi owesifazane wesimame, ayikho ama-satellite. UJansen wabiza ukuthi uphazamisa ukubonwa kwabalingani bakhe, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Wayeqiniseka ngokuqinile ukuthi ama-satellite aseVenus akakho kuphela, kodwa akakaze abe khona.

Kancane kancane, ososayensi bayeka imizamo yokuthola ama-satellite aseVenus, ekugcineni beqaphela ukungabi khona kwabo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi inkinga ekugcineni ivaliwe futhi yayeka ukubangela ukwazi phakathi kwabameleli bezwe lesayense. Ngokulandelana, imibono ehlukahlukene yaqala ukuvela mayelana nokunyamalala okungaqondakali kwama satellite eplanethi ekhona ngaphambilini. Izinhloso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ezinikezwe kulo mbuzo zinikezwe ngezansi.

Inombolo yenombolo 1

Yingaki ama-satellite enza i-Venus, ngokusho kweminye imibono ethandwa kakhulu, yiziphi izifundiswa eziningi namuhla ezihambisana nazo? Omunye nguye owake wanyamalala, wabhidliza eplanethi ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla omhlaba we-Sun. Lezi zinamandla zinciphisa kakhulu isivinini sokujikeleza kweVenus, ngenxa yalokho into eseduze kakhulu nephasi. Njengoba kuyaziwa, umzimba we-cosmic, owathola igama layo ngokuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi, unamandla amakhulu kuneMhlaba. Akumangalisi ukuthi uVenus wakhanga kalula umngane wakhe, ngenxa yalokho umkhondo awungagcinwa khona.

Abasekeli be-theory, ngeshwa, baphikisana ukuthi ngeke kuqinisekiswe ngamaqiniso. Iqiniso liwukuthi izazi zezinkanyezi ngesikhathi sokunyamalala kwe-satellites, ngeshwa, yayingenawo amadivaysi anamandla avumela ukuthatha le nhlekelele eyayenzekile. Ngenxa yalokho, umhlaba wezesayensi awukwazi ukufakazela noma ukuphikisa lesi sizathu esingenhla.

Inkolelo yenombolo 2

Abasekeli be-theory yesibili banesithakazelo esikhulu esikhathini esidlule seplanethi engaqondakali, okuthiwa i-Venus. Yingaki ama-satellite ayeke abe nawo, uma omunye encike ekuxabaneni kwakhe? Ososayensi bathi omunye kuphela, ecabanga ngeMercury njengenjalo. Kwakukhona izikhathi lapho i-Mercury yayiyi-satellites kuphela kule planethi, kodwa yahlukaniswa kancane kancane futhi yazuza umjikelezo wayo weplanethi.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ososayensi abambelela emfundweni yesibili ethandwa kakhulu, nabo bavame ukusola amandla eS Sun kukho konke. Ubufakazi balokhu kucabangela, ngokusho kwezimpikiswano zabo, ukujikeleza okuncane kakhulu kweVenus. Ngemuva kwalokho, sikwazi ukuthola ukuthi usuku kule planethi lilingana nezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ezisetshenziswa eMhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zezinkanyezi zibhekisela ekushiseni kweplanethi, ekholelwa ukuthi sekushisa kakhulu ngaphansi kwethonya le-satellite enkulu kakhulu.

Inkolelo yenombolo 3

Iqembu lesithathu labososayensi lithatha emakhulwini amaningana umbuzo ovuthayo ovuthayo: yiziphi - ama-satellite weVenus. Uhlu lwabo, uma ukholelwa umbono wabo, lulokhu luba nalutho. Umzimba we-cosmic uhlale wedwa lapho ukhona ohlelweni lwelanga. Abantu abambelela kulokhu kucabangela bacabanga ukuthi iVenus yavuka ngenxa yengozi enkulu, okuyinto ukushayisana kwemizimba emibili ye-cosmic (planetoids).

Le nhlekelele, njengabagqugquzeli besayensi yesithathu ithi, yiyona kuphela isizathu esenza iplanethi ingabi nesathelayithi yemvelo. Yiqiniso, kunezinye izinkolelo ezingathandwa kakhulu, kepha ekuvumelaneni abameleli bezwe lesayensi abakwazi ukuza.

I-satellite yokuqala yokufakelwa

Umuntu akanakusiza kepha uthinte komunye umbuzo othakazelisayo: ama-satellite okufakelwayo we-Venus. Owokuqala wabo waqalwa ngoJuni 1975. Kwakuyi-Soviet "Venus-9", eyakhiwe enhlanganweni ye-NGO esekelwe eMoscow okuthiwa ngemuva kweLavochkin. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi "i-Venus-9" evela endaweni yokubukwa kwezobuchwepheshe idlula kakhulu izinto zokusebenza zangaphambilini zeSoviet Union. Ubukhulu be-satellite eyaziwayo eyaziwayo, okwethulwa kwayo kwaba nomzwelo kulo lonke izwe, lalingamathani amahlanu.

Kakade ngo-Okthoba 1975 le divayisi ifinyelele ngempumelelo ehlangothini olukhanyayo lweVenus, elingabonakali emhlabeni wethu. Ukuhunyushwa kwezithombe ebusweni "kweNkanyezi yasekuseni" kwaqalwa, njengoba ososayensi baseSoviet bebiza ngokuthi uVenus. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lesi kwakuyisikhathi sokuqala ukuthi izithombe ezivela phezulu komunye iplanethi zadluliselwa eMhlabeni. Yiqiniso, lezi zithombe zazimnyama futhi zimhlophe, indawo yeVenus yabangela ukuhlangana nezindawo zezintaba ebusika. Ukuxhumana nedivaysi kwasala ihora, okuyinto ngalezo zinsuku kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu.

Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka

Ngisho nokwazi impendulo yombuzo mayelana nokuthi zingaki ama-satellite Venus, abantu abayeki ukutadisha le planethi engavamile. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uhlelo olunikezelwe ekutadisheni umzimba we-cosmic , lapho ukuqaliswa kwe "Venus-9" kwaqaliswa khona, kwaphela ukuba khona. Lokhu kwenzeka phakathi no-80, okwakungenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali nezinye izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje i-Roskosmos isebenza kumsebenzi omkhulu, umgomo wawo ukuqaliswa kweziteshi zokuxhumana ezizenzekelayo kuVenus.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi iziteshi "Venus-Globe" ne "Venus-D" zizoqaliswa cishe phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo, usuku oluqondile lugcinwa luyimfihlo. Yiqiniso, ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene, i-United States nayo yathumela ama-satellite okufakelwayo ukutadisha iplanethi. Zamadivayisi we-series ye-Mariner.

Ukutholwa kwe-quasiparticle

Ngakho-ke, kusungulwa ukuthi ama-satellite aseVenus, inani lawo okubhekwa ngalo kulesi sihloko, abengekho. Kodwa iplanethi, ebizwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi, ine-quasi-satellite, okuyi-asteroid. Igama elivamile lale ndawo yesikhala ngu-2002 VE68, okwamanje lisetshenziswe emhlabeni jikelele. I-quasi-satellite ayitholanga igama elifanele.

Amaqiniso mayelana ne-quasicatellite

Mayelana nalesi asteroid kuyaziwa kancane, ngoba itholakale kuphela ngo-2002. Kuthiwa ukuthi into yesikhala idlula izinto zeeplanethi ezintathu, i-Venus, i-Mercury neMhlaba. Ukujikeleza kwalo nxazonke kwe-Sun kwenziwa ngendlela yokuthi kukhona i-resonance ye-orbital phakathi kwe-quasicellan ne-Venus. Kuyi-resonance evumela ukuthi i-asteroid ihlale isondelene ne "Nkanyezi Yasekuseni" isikhathi eside.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-quasicpassman eVenus eyakhiwe cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa edlule. Cishe, wayesezungeza "iNkanyezi Yasekuseni" ngesikhathi sokuhlangana noMhlaba. Ososayensi bathi i-asteroid izohlala emjikelezweni weVenus cishe iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu, bese iqhubekela phambili ekuhlanganiseni ne-Sun. Isikhathi esiqondile asikwazi ukubalwa okwamanje, kodwa abameleli bezwe lesayensi abayeki, baqhubeke nokutadisha le nkinga.

Yiziphi amathemba

Ingabe kuyoke kube khona ama-satellite aseVenus? Abanye ososayensi abakufaki lokho okungenzeka, kodwa bathi lokhu ngeke kwenzeke eminyakeni embalwa embalwa ezayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nesikhathi eside eduze "Nenkanyezi Yasekuseni" kuyoba yikhalabhu ne-quasipool kuphela. Abanye ososayensi futhi abakholelwa ukuthi iVenus inamandla okuba nama-satellite. Isikhathi kuphela sikwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi yiliphi iqembu elilungile nokuthi yini engalungile.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-Venus ayiyona yonke iplanethi kuphela ohlelweni lwelanga, olungenawo ama-satellite engokwemvelo. Akukade kudlule, ososayensi baye basungula ukuthi abangekho kuMercury. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi okwesikhathi esithile kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ama-satellite alapha planethi ayekhona, abese esanyamalala. Noma kunjalo, izifundo zibonise ukukhohlisa kwenguqulo enjalo. Kwabonakala ukuthi inkanyezi yenkanyezi yeClice yathathwa njenge-satellite yemvelo.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi i- Mercury ithole ithebhulethi yayo yokuqala yokufakelwa kuphela ngoMashi 2011. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho isibhamu se "Messenger", esase-United States, ekugcineni seza kuye. Impendulo yombuzo wokuthi zingaki ama-satellite i-Venus ezitholwe ngaphambili kakhulu.