Abezindaba - ulwazi eqonda ngokusebenzisa abezindaba mass

Yokusakaza, okusho ekudluliseni ulwazi ngesikhathi esifanayo ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli abangaphezu - kuba yezindaba. Lolu lwazi, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto hhayi zonke ulwazi abantu, futhi ingxenye isetshenziselwa orientation, ukulawula noma isenzo asebenzayo ukuthuthukiswa, ngcono kanye nokulondolozwa ngqo kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokuxhumana. Umphakathi kwegazi subsystems uya ulwazi nomphakathi, esakhiwa imiyalezo, ulwazi kanye nolwazi mayelana esimisweni sezenhlalo inikezwe.

Umehluko kanye nabezindaba ezikhethekile

amazinga ukuqaphela zihlukaniswe nokuxhumana umkhuba: isebenze ngqo - mass, futhi kudinga nekhono lokuhlaziya - ezikhethekile. Futhi ngokuya ulwazi, kukhona amazinga ezimbili - kanye nabezindaba ezikhethekile. Lona ulwazi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi, singasho - ziphindaphindwe mass. It kudinga ukucabangisisa okuphelele, ngoba ngokuqinisekile has value njengendlela isigaba esimaphakathi, isibonelo, journalism, umsakazo nethelevishini.

Kukhona okufanele bayisebenzise njengeqhinga indaba kokuqala ukwakha ukwazi mass. Kwenzekani, yize kwakhiwa yonke imithetho ukwazi kwabo is by okuqukethwe, okungukuthi, izenzakalo of impilo yomphakathi, okubonisa yezindaba kuphela. Lolu lwazi ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba ovukayo nokuzibandakanya zomphakathi, lokho akusikiseli neze iphathelene onguchwepheshe.

Freedom of the Cindezela

Inkululeko yabezindaba, okungukuthi, ukusebenza ezimele abezindaba, kufanele abe umthetho-sisekelo ezweni ngalinye. Freedom of abezindaba - abanye umqondo ebanzi, okuyinto iphathwa isingaba namalungelo afanayo zezombusazwe yato tonkhe takhamuti kukhululwe ukusungula izindlela ukusakazeka kwanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo ulwazi ngokuphelele.

Lona ngokomthethosisekelo wamalungelo kuqala ngamanye njengengxenye umthetho ezivamile, okuyinto nenkululeko abezindaba. Ngokokuqala ngqá kwalamalungelo ongabantu lilandiswe 1789 futhi kuvikelwe Declaration French. Ukuthuthukiswa abezindaba kuye kwaholela yokuthi imithetho efanele uyingane yokutholwa nasemazweni abuswa ngentando yeningi.

umthetho Abezindaba e-Russian Federation

Ukubaluleka ngokushesha lapho kwemukelwa Media uMthetho ukuqedwa ukucwaninga, okungukuthi, izikhulu Awunalo ilungelo lokuphenya zidinga ekuvunyweni impahla yokuhlela. Lokhu eziyimbangela e zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili yayikhona kuphela kusukela ngo-1917 kuya ku-1922, kwathi ngakusasa RF uMthetho yezindaba owavela emva kweminyaka engamakhulu kuphela emva 68 - ngo-1991.

Izichibiyelo umthetho wamanje yaqala ukusebenza ngo-September ka-2012: kuzo kukhona inkulumo mayelana isixwayiso esivela Imininingwane ziyingozi empilweni nokuthuthukiswa ubudala zezingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho-Russian ku abezindaba yiSigaba 25 atholwe into entsha ku kushushiswa abezindaba ezimeni yephule lesi sinqumo, futhi isihloko esithi 27-th kulekelelwa ulwazi mayelana imikhawulo abezindaba ukuthi ubikele ukuboniswa ifilimu.

imikhawulo emisha

Ngo-February 2016, umthetho phezu yezindaba ziwumthwalo Ukubeka abantu yemvelo kanye zomthetho angaphandle (nge-dual yisakhamuzi baseRussia - kanye) enhlokodolobha yase abezindaba isiRashiya, futhi manje abakwazi ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile siqu noma ukulawula amaphesenti ngamasheya noma ukwabelana engaphezu kwengu-20. Ngasekuqaleni kakhulu, kube nephutha umkhawulo - amaphesenti angu-50, kodwa kuphela iziteshi zomsakazo nethelevishini. Lokhu kungenxa empini Imininingwane emisha, yalahla iRussia, kanye deofshorizatsiey umnotho walo.

Abezindaba emakethe uhlolwa inani labantu abangenwa yilo lolu shintsho kwabezindaba 35% we isamba kwezimali ezisetshenziswa abezindaba Russian. Lolu lwazi etholwe-avareji yamaphesende izilinganiso ezahlukene. Ephathelene ukwamukelwa kwale dokhumenti kungenzeka imagazini ye-Forbes kanye iphephandaba "Vedomosti" ukuthi cishe okukhona dolobha angaphandle, siye ebhaliwe kabanzi ngezindaba zenhlalo, ezombusazwe, ezomnotho kanye inqubomgomo yokuhlela olwenziwa ngokuzimela iziphathimandla zaseRussia, ukuthi akabusi ngokuvumelana zimali.

izinhlobo yabezindaba

Abezindaba - igunya lakhe kungumsebenzi usesidlangalaleni zokuxhumana, ngekusebentisa izindlela lobuchwepheshe lokuqoqa, ukucutshungulwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa okwalandela imiyalezo kuzithameli mass.

Kukhona kungenziwa okuthiwa ngokuvumelana amadokhumenti omthetho we Russian Federation:

• nakomagazini;
• thatha omagazini;
• -TV;
• umsakazo;
• izinhlelo ze-TV,
• izinhlelo zomsakazo;
• izinhlelo isiqophi;
• izinhlelo amazwibela ezindaba;
• kunoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo abezindaba njalo basakaza ne igama unomphela.

Konke lokhu kanye ngokuthi abezindaba - abezindaba, wathola leli gama 70s kwekhulu elidlule.

Abezindaba Area yokusabalalisa

Izifunda lapho abezindaba zabiwa kungase kuxhomeke division nezokuphatha esimweni esithile. Inkomba esemqoka yiyona ndlela ngezigaba owabayo ngabezindaba emphakathini, it is akhonzwa insimu futhi akuyona indawo kushicilelwe. Ngakho, singazibona eziningana sub-amakilasi:

• abezindaba YeSizwe (ngezinga lomhlaba wonke, okungukuthi, ensimini ka emazweni amaningana);
• abezindaba kazwelonke (abasebenza kuso sonke isifunda noma ingxenye enkulu-ke);
• abezindaba lesifunda (Ukusabalala endaweni okuyinto ehlukile iyunithi zokuphatha yezwe noma ingxenye ngokomlando kumiswa ke, nge izici salabo noma ezinye - Altai, Yuzhnyy Ural naseNtshonalanga eSiberia);
• yabezindaba (wesifunda, idolobha, zezinkampani, njll).

Izethameli lilidlula ukhetha abezindaba lesifunda bonke abanye, futhi lokhu kungenxa ikakhulukazi yokuthi abahleli bendawo ngokuvamile acabangele izimfuno main sabantu, futhi intengo kubo yelinyenti.

I-oda ejensi abezindaba

Abezindaba imithombo etholakala ukusungulwa kokubili izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye nabantu, kanye nemikhawulo kule akudingeki anhlobonhlobo.

I-oda Russian kwezikhungo abezindaba ukubhalisa futhi uhluke imvume okungukuthi lokuyekethisa, iziphathimandla zokuphatha nje baqinisekisa isicelo ukusungulwa uhlaka, futhi wabeka umzimba ku-akhawunti. Audiovisual plus isidingo unelayisensi ukusakaza.

izilaleli abezindaba

Ukusabalala yezindaba engenziwa kuye focus: ezikhethekile babe ocacile kanye siholwa ingxenye ethile nezethameli, abezindaba kanye ukuma jikelele ungenziwa lusakazwe kabanzi ngaphezulu. Uma khetha izethameli eziqondiwe kuchazwa ngokucacile, injongo umsebenzi ibhizinisi kuyofezwa, kanye nokuthuthukiswa abezindaba uzothola ukuzinza ezithile.

izifundo lwezenhlalo sinqume ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, ngisho izintatheli ngokwabo akudingeki ukuqonda okwanele esanele ukuthi izilaleli bekhonza, abaqondi, ngokuba ngubani befanele labo noma enye incwadi. Ngakho-ke, izinto ngokuvamile depersonalized, okulinganiselwa ku, futhi abezindaba ngokwayo - abezindaba - zifana nomunye.

abezindaba semthethweni

Ubudlelwano obuphakathi umtsetfo lokhona futhi abezindaba kungaba ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi iyini indima abezindaba esimweni ngasinye. Ngakho, kukhona emidya kuvunyelwa umthetho, baye bhalisiwe futhi wathola imvume ukuze usakaze noma ukushicilelwa. Lezi abezindaba zomthetho. Kodwa ulwazi ngezinye izikhathi azenza samthetho mass - lolu lwazi akungqubuzani, futhi akuvunyelwe ngomthetho lizwe. Uhlobo lwesithathu abezindaba - emthethweni, ukuthi kunqatshelwe ngokomthetho, kodwa waqhubeka esebenza.

Translations ku osenyameni emthethweni kwenteka ngekutsi bafundzi ukwesulwa amalayisense okusakaza, izitifiketi zokubhalisa kanye imibhalo efanayo. zingase zihluke kakhulu izizathu. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye Abezindaba abasazihluphi ngokubika ngokoqobo bahlukumeza inkululeko kolwazi, hhayi kuphela ethula izethameli astray musa eya noma ukunyundela, futhi esisobala ulimaze uMbuso kabani indawo lapho. Kukhona Uhlobo lwesine wabezindaba semthethweni: amaphephabhuku kunyatheliswa amakhophi esingaphansi ayizinkulungwane amakhophi, akudingi ukubhaliswa.

izinga abezindaba

Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili: imibono cindezela bese izindaba abezindaba. Lezi zimo zokuma kukhona abezindaba maqondana ezicini eziningana: ngqo lapha kanye nomklamo kanye nesitayela, futhi izilaleli umbono, ukusabalalisa kanye ukufanisana. Ngobuhle abezindaba kulo mongo kuchazwa khona amasheke ukwethula amaqiniso ukugwema Imininingwane alithembekile, isifiso sokuthwala abantu esele futhi kwehlise analyticity lekuhlolwa kwato tonkhe kanye Imibono, indima enkulu udlalwa by kakhulu ithoni shicilelo.

Imininingwane IMisa uvame wagxila esigijimini bezijabulisa lapho akukhetha impahla imvelo amadlingozi, futhi ngempela ukunakwa okuningi izindlela luyingxenye ezibukwayo noma ekhululekile (amanga asemahle). Ngobuhle ukushicilelwa ikhomba ngenhla zonke amakhono professional izintatheli, okuyinto manje ezingavamile kakhulu. Ngo yezindaba wonke amazinga ngaphezulu awavamile okusezingeni eliphezulu ezweni lethu nangale kwemingcele yayo, kulawulwa abezindaba format okuxubile, lapho ngezinye izikhathi ungabona izinto ngempela eliphezulu ku isizinda Okuqukethwe akuzwakali, azikubheki futhi ngokungagwegwesi ezishibhile.

abezindaba Inthanethi

abezindaba beNdabuko kancane kancane yadedela virtual kusukela eduardo ukusatshalaliswa ngokuya ebanzi ku-intanethi. Phakathi nohlaka yayo, cishe ngokushesha waqala ukusebenza zonke izinhlobo bendabuko mass media, kwakuqala ukwanda okukhulu ngokusiza usuku ngalunye oludlulayo futhi buthola izihlwele. Cishe zonke wabezindaba ube amawebhusayithi zabo ku-inthanethi ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa TV Inthanethi nomsakazo inthanethi. Kule ndaba, inani kokufunda iphepha lokushicilela nakanjani incipha, ukuzungeza sinciphile.

ubuchwepheshe satellite International ukuhlinzeka lwenethiwekhi uqhekeko wesibili, futhi ngenxa yalokho kobukhulu abezindaba liye lenyuka kakhulu. E-Washington, ibizwa ngokuthi "umphumela C-CNN", futhi uncoma ke akuzwakali ethers kakade Kwakugcwele imiyalezo elibi kulesi siteshi izindaba. Ngokuyinhloko, yini abezindaba manje efuna abangele izethameli ukusabela okukhulu kakhulu ngokomzwelo? Abanye abezindaba aphumelele kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi abantu ngokushesha beqala ukuthatha isinyathelo, ukukhohlwa ubulungiswa, futhi ngisho zibaluleke kangaka - benza ngokomthetho noma cha.