Secala kanye ziqu of ubugebengu kanye izimpawu kulinganiselwa

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela umthetho lobugebengu, muva nje isungule, yini umqondo ubugebengu. Nokho, ngo-umkhuba, lo mqondo yasetshenziselwa isikhathi eside, okuqukethwe eqondile nangokuzimisela wayengekho.

Igama elithi "ubugebengu"

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini ukwakheka, okuyinto isizathu futhi kanjani ufanelekele ubugebengu, kubalulekile ukubhekana umqondo.

Ubugebengu - isenzo noma ukungenzi (isenzo), okuyinto iyingozi emphakathini. Ngamagama alula - umonakalo kulesi sehlakalo sivezwe kula umonakalo izithakazelo iwe engaphansi yomthetho lobugebengu ukuthi.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukweba ilimaza amalungelo endawo ukuthi siyayamukela emphakathini. Isenzo okuyinto ngokomthetho lungena ngaphansi delicti Corpus, kodwa akukho izimpawu zengozi emphakathini, ngeke ubugebengu. Ngokwesibonelo, komzimba ukulimala Maniac ukuze avikele izingane zakhe. Uma sicabanga ngokomthetho, isenzo kufanele bajeziswe, kodwa ingozi yomphakathi engenzi, Ngakho-ke, akukho umbuzo ubugebengu ingahambi.

Umcabango

Uhlelo izakhi subjective futhi umgomo (izimpawu) izenzo (yokwenza noma yokungenzi okuthile), lokuvela umbono, futhi amazinga isimo esihle, libhekene ezithile isenzo esiyingozi njengeselelesi, ibizwa ngokuthi ubugebengu.

Ukwakheka sakhiwa 4 subsystems izingxenye:

• into icala;
• ohlangothini umgomo icala;
• aspect subjective icala;
• ubugebengu ndaba.

Inani Ukwakheka ukuthi iyisisekelo bokunikeza necala lobugebengu. Lapho kungekho yimuphi isici isakhiwo, icala lobugebengu ingekho. Ngokwesibonelo, isenzo izimisele ngumuntu waqaphela njengoba uhlanya. Esimweni esinjalo akukho owenze lokho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umusho ayikwazi ozibekile, kusukela kumuntu lungekho babe necala lobugebengu.

Kube ubugebengu e Criminal Code

Ukwakheka kanye neziqu zobugebengu ungazange ludaluliwe emthethweni lobugebengu. Sebenzisa le okuphenya eside nemikhuba zokwahlulela imfundiso yokuziphendukela umthetho lobugebengu.

Yokutholwa yizisebenzi ukuqonda inhlangano izimpawu inhloso kanye subjective, okuyizinto, ngomthetho, 'zinezikhathi ezithile isenzo esiyingozi emphakathini njengoba ubugebengu.

Secala kuyindlela umthetho isenzo sobugebengu, elichazwa isihloko ethile Isigaba Special Criminal Code.

ziqu ubugebengu

Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi Latin "ziqu" - izinga. Bathi ukuxoxa ziqu maqondana bugebengu izinzwa ezimbili:

• kanjani mayelana inqubo ethile okunengqondo noma umsebenzi;
• ngenxa yalokho, lapho umsebenzi ithole yokugcina luhlolo lwemsebenti esiyingozi yokuziphatha futhi isenzo livikeleke inkolelo yokungafi idokhumenti ezithile.

Ukuze elichaza kahle ubugebengu, bese senza isinqumo esifanele mayelana nesijeziso, kumele sibone ukuthi ukwehlukana ubugebengu.

Ukwabela okunengqondo, zefilosofi, zomthetho, izisekelo ngokwengqondo ukuthuthukiswa.

Endaweni yomthetho lobugebengu ngaphansi Ubuchwepheshe ukuqonda ukusungulwa nesikhathi noma ilingane izimpawu, eziye yenza isenzo esiyingozi, izimpawu ziya ebekwe umthetho.

Kwaphetha ngokuthi kunezinkolo eziyi izibonakaliso ezinje, ngoba bazanikelwa njengoba kuchaziwe, kwenziwa ngokuqhathanisa senzo kwezinkambiso ekhona. Ukuqhathanisa kuphela ngesisekelo umthetho lobugebengu olwamukelwa lwezindinganiso, nezinye izici akufakiwe.

Umcabango wolwazi ubugebengu ezithinta ziqu yobugebengu.

Ngokwesibonelo, i-siphelile emthethweni ukuzingela uphawu "ubugebengu scene" kubhekwa saziso. Kusukela kuye, futhi kuzoncika isinqumo elihunyushwe ngalolu daba.

Ukufaneleka - ukuhlolwa komthetho ophathelene nokwelelesa kwalezi zimo okuyiqiniso kunjalo okwenzeka. Kahle efakwe ziqu incike ukusungulwa kahle amaqiniso.

Ububi phakathi uphenyo lokuqala (nophenyo ngaphambilini olwenziwa uphenyo), kanye isivivinyo, bese - lesi sigwebo. Futhi lesikwenta isabelo ngaphandle kwenkululeko ukubuyekeza futhi isikhalazo lokuphatha inqubo nezindaba zobugebengu. Iziphetho ngalokho isenzo kuyinto, ukoniwa oluthobelana ne umthetho lobugebengu, kubonakala embhalweni:

• isinqumo endabeni excitation noma excitation khona ukungezwani;
• elibusayo ukuthi kubalulekile ukuheha umuntu njengoba ummangalelwa;
• Isicelo of izinyathelo;
• ukuqiniseka;
• Ukumangalelwa.

Kulezi imibhalo ngokuningiliziwe nangokunembile eqoshiwe amagama zonke izihloko, olungena ngaphansi ubugebengu.

amakhono Inani

Incazelo icala kanye ziqu of ubugebengu - omunye zikhathi ezibucayi kakhulu umsebenzi komthetho. Enforcers athweswe amandla yakhula kakhulu ezindabeni izinqumo ku ziqu yobugebengu.

Esifanayo kubangela isibopho esiphelele ngokwamukela onamathela ukwahlulela.

Izinkinga ziqu lwezigameko zobugebengu kulesiya Ukwakheka isesekhona, naphezu kwemizamo eminingi ukudweba ngezigaba esicacile. Ukusungulwa Corpus delicti izimpawu ezithile bungatholakala kuphela ngokusebenzisa ziqu yobugebengu. Lapha yena umi ukulungisiswa kusukela luvo yomthetho, owawuthi umuntu kungaphansi babe necala lobugebengu, ziyasebenza izinyathelo sibhekwe eziphoqelelwe amacala zinqunywa umusho noma ukukhishwa umusho.

Ukufaneleka ngenxa hhayi kuphela ibonisa ukuphoqelelwa ubudlelwano umthetho lobugebengu, kodwa futhi sibonisa Ejele ahlobene kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu ubudlelwane inqubo.

ziqu Proper kuyisihluthulelo Ukukhishwa efanele sinqumo.

izinhlobo iziqu

Secala kanye ziqu of ubugebengu ngesikhathi nenchazelo kusho division of the inqubo Sicu lesikuLizinga le-zenyathi ahlukahlukene. Kwakha ubugebengu - ke isisekelo ziqu yobugebengu.

Amafomu ukuqeqeshwa:

• Esemthethweni. Lokhu ziqu enikezwa lo mseshi, umphenyi noma inkantolo kuzo zonke izigaba zomthetho.
• Lokungakahleleki. It kunikezwa abafundi, ososayensi kanye nabanye abantu ngasese.

inqubo ziqu

Phakathi ziqu ubugebengu, imisebenzi eminingana:

• elucidation wenziwa ukuthi isenzo lobugebengu (sihloko CC RF ofanayo № 14);
• kuvela, ngubani into (futhi kwezinye izimo - subject) ukuhlasela lobugebengu;
• ukuhlaziywa kwenziwe izici zinikezwa umgomo futhi ohlangothini subjective;
• ichaza nezimfuneko zomthetho ezisebenza ndaba yobugebengu.

Ukwahlukaniswa efanele ubugebengu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba acacise umbuzo khona noma ukungabi khona necala lobugebengu, futhi likuvumela inkantolo ukunquma isijeziso kahle isenzo uzibophezele.

izimpawu elilinganisiwe labafanelekako

Ukufaneleka zobugebengu nge izimpawu kulinganiselwa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile kule ukuhlaziya isenzo.

izimpawu uncike onhlobonhlobo. okuqukethwe kwabo kuncike kakhulu onjani ubulungiswa ebonwe ummeli osebenza umthetho. Lezi zimpawu abasondelene kakhulu imvelo nasezidingweni ezishintshashintshayo, okuyinto edingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe uphenyo, icala futhi bangaboshwa Isivivinyo. Futhi ngezinga elithile conditionality bebizwa "kuhlola" izici.

Isibonelo salokho kokuhlaziywa isici ayokhonza njengamakhosi inkomba "umonakalo enkulu", okuyinto sisetshenziswa uma ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla, izithakazelo umphakathi noma isimo futhi ozithandayo avikelekile ngokomthetho, umphakathi kanye nezithakazelo futhi amalungelo ezakhamizi.

umonakalo eningi

Njengoba umqondo wegama elithi "umonakalo enkulu" awuzange wadalula Criminal Code, isinqumo sokugcina noma cha ubugebengu ngokwayo abalulekile noma cha, ukwamukela kuphela inkantolo.

Secala kanye ziqu of ubugebengu - omunye izigaba ebaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke enkantolo. Kulesi nokuhlola umqondo ibonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto noma izenzakalo, kanye njani umphumela Ukuqhathanisa into isampula ezithile (ejwayelekile noma lokuma).

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umqondo we amazinga njengoba isetshenziswa ubugebengu kubhekwe ethize kakhulu.

Inani ubugebengu ukufaneleka

Endaweni yokuqala ukubaluleka ubugebengu iwukuba kumelwe ibe isisekelo sokukholelwa incurring necala lobugebengu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu isenzo esesikhundleni ukoniwa kuzokwenziwa banecala zobugebengu abashushisi, izinkantolo kanye nezokuhlunyeleliswa iziphathimandla abaseshi kakhulu ebusweni of icala okunjalo ngeke aphoqelelwe ukuba athwale.

Eyesibili umsebenzi, okuyinto lichaza ekwakheni ubugebengu - amakhono usizo. Inani icala ziqu of ubugebengu kuba ukusungula ukuxhumana kudingeka, ungubani, ukuhlonza icala efakiwe Ukwakheka, zinikezwa emthethweni.

Akuve athile ubugebengu anehlathululo zomthetho kwezenhlalo kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu.

Inani icala ukuze zifaneleke emacaleni jikelele yezenhlalakahle lokuveza kokuhlaziywa Associations omubi inhlanganisela yezici akha isakhiwo eqondile ubugebengu. Futhi, isimo sabo maqondana nalolu daba kungaba ukuveza isimo.

Inani nobulelesi-zomthetho obonakaliswe eziningi izinto ezahlukene.

amaphutha labafanelekako

Kwebalingisi of isenzo ukubunjwa ubugebengu, ngeshwa, kungaba zinamaphutha.

Ukuphumelela amaphutha - ngendlela engafanele efakwe noma ukungabi khona izimpawu zobugebengu, kanye nokuhambisana incazelo ku izingxenye Criminal Code (kwencazelo Kuznetsovoy N. F.). amaphutha ezinjalo lokujeziswa imvelo, njengoba kuqhathaniswa kokuthethwa kwecala. Imithombo eyinhloko la maphutha mancane ubuthakathaka ukuphoqelelwa nokushiyeka umthetho.

Ukuphumelela amaphutha ifinyeziwe amaqembu amathathu:

1. Akukona ukuphika ukuthi ubugebengu lapho.
2. It is baqaphela ukuthi ubugebengu, lapho engekho.
3. Kukhethwe umthetho ongafanele Criminal Code ukufaneleka.

namacala ahlobene Iziqu

emacaleni Iziqu ezihlobene has nobunzima ezithile.

compounds ehlobene zihlobene uhlobo ingozi bethule emphakathini, futhi nazo ezahlukene ngenxa yesizathu esisodwa noma kwande izici. I-CC 150 kuyinto emacaleni okungenani ezihlobene.

Ukuze ufaneleke ukuthola lokuphenya ngamacala afana naleli kubalulekile ukukhethwa izinto ezokwenza ukuhlukanisa kubo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukweba lomunye impahla sokuhlukanisa izimpawu elizoba uhlobo ukwabiwa kwezimali yomunye. Uma ukweba - ke imfihlo ukugqekeza, ukubamba inkunzi - evulekile nokuphanga - enobudlova.

Related inkonzo emacaleni lezinto ezihlukahlukene - izithakazelo isevisi ezinhlanganweni ezehlukene, akuhambisani nentando kwemsebenti wahulumende, ubulungisa, inkonzo yezempi.

Ukufaneleka zobugebengu ngesizathu ubugebengu ezimweni ahlobene, kanye nencazelo ngezenzo nokuzwelana asivumela ukunquma into ezifana yicala ngokuphindaphindiwe kanye nobugebengu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto kungaba eziningana. Criminological isinqumo esinjalo buyafaneleka.

okutholakele

Ukubunjwa ubugebengu, izinhlobo ukwakhiwa, izenzo zobugebengu ezenziwa ziqu jikelele kwakha ukuphela kwesisekelo sokunquma necala lobugebengu. Ziyakwazi ziqu ezifanele zomthetho, okuyinto ngaphansi isenzo sobugebengu, futhi awumgogodla iNkantolo ukunquma usayizi isijeziso, uhlobo lwayo futhi zaba namandla, futhi ongadala isilinganiso ezahlukene necala lobugebengu.

definition eqondile futhi efanele ubugebengu - omunye iziqiniseko ukuthi amalungelo nenkululeko isakhamuzi uyovikelwa, umthetho nokuhleleka zizohlonishwa futhi wamqinisa futhi isimo Uzoqhubeka izimpawu yelinyenti kanye zomthetho.