Le ntaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni: Phezulu 4

Omunye entabeni - kuhle, kodwa okungcono ngisho noma eziningi ezintabeni. elimnandi Ikakhulukazi ukuba iso, lapho ehlangana ku yokhalo eside, okuyinto kuba namandla kushintshane izigodi emikhulu encane, futhi konke lokhu buhlanjululwe Ukuphoshoza emifuleni. Ubuhle obunjalo, esisuka wezinkulungwane amakhilomitha, ngeke abashiye ubani nandaba. Ukuvela izintaba ukuchaza imfundiso yokuziphendukela kumiswa impumuzo. Ithi yokhalo izigodi, izintaba namagquma kwakhiwa ngenxa ukushayisana amapuleti Continental, aqala ku nomunye. Kunzima ukucabanga amabutho ezidingekayo ukuze le nqubo. Futhi akudingekile. Kungcono bajabulele imiphumela yemisebenzi yabo. Ikakhulukazi uma iyintaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Masenze izilinganiso zabo futhi uthole indawo.

Cordilleras

Ukuze uqale, ngifuna acacise iphuzu esisodwa esibalulekile. amaningi kakhulu edidekile lezi ne-Andes izintaba, kodwa ezimbili wesifunda ehluke ngokuphelele, kwakhiwa ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Abanye bakubiza Andes "Cordillera De Los Andes", kodwa abanayo lezi zintaba asihlobene. Futhi, kuphakama ukudideka mayelana nendawo yabo. Cordillera "amukela" eNyakatho neMelika kusukela eningizimu nasentshonalanga, ukudala isithiyo obukhulu zezulu. Ukuze i-Ningizimu Melika, indima efanayo eyadlalwa Andes. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lezi zintaba cishe izingxenye eslphambanweni 2 eMelika. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile zenziwe Ukhahlamba olulodwa, okuyinto sibi. Kuzoba lesifanele hhayi ukudida lezi zidlakela futhi ushiye aseCordillera engxenyeni enkulu yeNyakatho Melika, nase-Andes - South.

Ngakho, aseCordillera - entabeni ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ubude amakhilomitha nje 18,000. Yehluka "nozakwethu" zabo eziningi izici. Cordillera submeridional ukunweba kuphela ohlangothini abe iphesenti eliphezulu izintaba eziphakemeyo eziphansi kwakhiwa orotektonicheskih esishintshashintshayo ezinhlanu ubudala ezahlukene esebenzayo seismicity okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye mlilo.

ulwandle entabeni

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ezintabeni kungase kungabi kuphela ezweni kodwa futhi kwamanzi. Ngeshwa, iningi labo isitheke emehlweni intaba. Futhi unesithakazelo kancane, ngoba lezi zintaba ungahambi Ukushushuluza. Nokho, ukunqoba eziqongweni uyobheka ngempela kuwubuwula. Kodwa uchungechunge ehamba ngaphansi kolwandle akuyona kunabayeni inani phezulu. Ukuphakama imidondoshiya kwamanzi kunzima ukunquma, kodwa ubude ngesilinganiso nzima.

Ngakho, indawo yesibili simo "Le ntaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni" ku-Mid-Atlantic Ridge nge Ubude 18,000 amakhilomitha. Itholakala maphakathi -Atlantic Ocean eduze American coast wesifunda. Lokhu kumiswa kuhlanganisa amabanga eziningana: Knipovicha Mona Reykjanes, South futhi iNorth Atlantic. iziqongo ngamunye kwashintsha kwaba iziqhingi (Azores, Bermuda, nokunye. D.). Phakathi amabanga ebhalwe ngenhla ngokusekelwe eBhayibhelini akayena okusezingeni eliphezulu ikakhulukazi, ubudala noma abasha, kungcono nje entabeni ende kunazo emhlabathini emva Cordilleras, ukuthi kakhulu. Qhubekela phambili.

Andes

Andes - ke iyintaba lwesithathu ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni, ne obuphelele ingqikithi 9000 amakhilomitha. phambi kwakhe okubanzi Andes igxile elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, nasenyakatho ukuza naseCaribbean. Engxenyeni esempumalanga yaleli emngceleni kuholela Andes izintaba. By the way, ubudala amabanga ehlukene zitholakala eduze obuphelele yonke kohlelo entabeni. ukunyakaza Orogenic baqhubeka, futhi manje, ekanye ukuzamazama komhlaba izinqubo-mlilo.

Andes kuyinto ejwayelekile ngesimo sendawo enezintaba, sokunquma esivelele eziphakeme zone kanye kumiswa glaciation abalulekile. Ubude okukhulu kohlelo izimayini inquma umehluko umswakama nokufudumala supply izingxenye zayo ngazinye. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezwekazini has a uhlamvu sezintaba, insimu yalo Sekuyisikhathi eside ezinabantu abaningi. abantu Andes kahle emathafeni aphakeme, izigodi intermountain nemicengezi ngaphakathi ohlelweni entabeni futhi ngiyijwayele impilo e mibandela. Ezintabeni zase-Andes kukhona emizaneni sezintaba kakhulu, amadolobha namasimu. Phakathi eziyisithupha ezintabeni khona amayunithi physicogeographical. Kodwa kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ezimbili kuphela: Central Andes Tierra del Fuego.

central Andes

Ingxenye enkulu the zokhahlamba. Ngo uhla yayo ezintabeni etholakala Argentina, eChile, eBolivia nasePeru. Ukuze isakhiwo orotektonicheskoy libhekene okusezingeni eliphezulu Amathafa entabeni futhi Amathafa - "Pun" (noma "Altiplano" eBolivia). Hard afanayo lesemkhatsini, kwakheka ngaphakathi okuyinto idatha ethafeni is, ihlukaniswe yaba amabhlogo eziningana. Lokhu kubonakala ku imifantu ukuthi kwavela ngenxa ukuvelela magma futhi lava notshwala. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona inhlanganisela emathafeni kule sezwe ezisezansi, izindawo peneplain futhi lava Amathafa. On sezulu, Central Andes kuyinto ngempela eyomile.

Tierra del Fuego

Archipelago kuhlanganisa amashumi amaningana eziqhingini letingemasayizi lahlukene. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo, bangazihluphi two-thirds endaweni umhlaba Imininingwane - obakhathalelayo. Tierra del Fuego. Islands basonta Argentina ne-Chile. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga Tierra del Fuego, Andes uhlelo entabeni uyaqhubeka futhi kakhulu dissected. Izintaba (1000-1300 amamitha) ihlukaniswe izigodi intermountain, futhi ezinye zigcwele amanzi olwandle - besebunzimeni, amawa. Iphuzu esiphezulu (2469 metres) itholakala ku-IsiQhingi Esikhulu. Egajwe impumuzo glacial lasendulo. Kuningi amachibi uwenze idamu ngu moraines.

Ezindaweni eziningi ezihlasela lezi ziqhingi, it has a esipholile sezulu zasolwandle. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga unyaka wonke, nezimvula ezinkulu (Ukukhemezela) kuya ku-3000 mm. Esikhathini kwezulu empumalanga kancane - 500 mm. Cool ehlobo kanti ebusika kuqhathaniswa efudumele (1-5 ° C). Avakashelwe e Tierra del Fuego, izivakashi bathi ehlobo lapho, njengoba emathafeni ase-nobusika like ezisondelene (i okushisa). Ngenxa yokwanda ezintabeni futhi izinga lokushisa lehla kakhulu kakade ngezithuba 500 amamitha ifinyelela ukubaluleka ezimbi.

izintaba Transantarctic

Ngo-Antarctica, kukhona ice hhayi kuphela, liqhwa nezikhatha penguins, kodwa futhi entabeni. Futhi ngempela eside. Zonke Antarctica kweqa yokhalo omkhulu, ukukucaza kube eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. Lokhu giant ice, okuyinto oluthatha indawo yokugcina kule simo "Le ntaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni", ibanga 3500 amakhilomitha. Ugema kwatholakala emuva ngo-1908 uKaputeni Ross. Eminyakeni eyalandela, wakhushulelwa sawela mikhankaso ucwaningo, kodwa kakhulu namanje uhlala yayingaziwa nhlobo. Ngenhlanhla, manje kukhona ucwaningo satellite, okuvumela, uma ungazizwa ugema ke okungenani uyibuke.