Yiziphi nabakuthandayo lokho akufundayo

Isimo sabantu, ngesiGreki, ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "kuchaza bantfu." Yiziphi nezibalo sisonke? Lokhu - isayensi izindlela, izinhlobo kabusha zezizwe ezihlukahlukene futhi zezici (ngandlelatsite) nomthelela kule nqubo.

Umbhali "Ukucwaninga" ka ngangingalazi leli gama, French usosayensi A. Giyyar ngo-1855, kanti eRussia lo mqondo waqala ukusebenzisa-yalolucwaningo 70 kwekhulu le-18. Ekuqaleni, umqondo 'izibalo labantu "futhi" emininingwaneni yabantu "zazibhekwa njengendawo kuyahambisana, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isimo sesishintshile. Okwamanje, Ukucwaninga kuyinto isayensi ezimele ukuthi etadisha izici ezithinta ukufa kwezinsana, wenzalo esiphethweni futhi ekunqanyulweni ngomshado. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulolu cwaningo ihlaziya futhi ubikezela elinye futhi lokubala ubuningi babantu izinqubo ngokusebenzisa amasu ezikhethekile. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kwabantu kubalulekile ukufunda isakhiwo saleli isayensi. Ngakho, e-ukuziphatha theory zendawo incazelo izinqubo ezibalulekile, ekwakhiweni imibono eyayisinesikhathi, idatha zamagama futhi kukhuthaza Amathrendi.

iqoqo idatha Primary Kwenziwa ngesikhathi yokubala abantu, esiqhutshwa njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Omunye umthombo ulwazi izibalo sikahulumeni. Imininingwane ukucutshungulwa amasu lathathwa sociometry nezibalo, ngokuvamile, yebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulolu cwaningo uchaza izinqubo yezibalo. izifundo Analytical ukuxhumana Ukucwaninga phakathi izenzakalo ezahlukene lokubala ubuningi babantu kanye izinqubo ezenzeka. Ngakho, abacwaningi bamanani abantu kungase kuchaze ukwehla abukhali noma kancane kancane labantu nokwenyuka lokuzalwa ukuchayeka nezici ezihlukahlukene zomnotho, zenhlalakahle, ezemvelo kanye neminye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona zomlando, ezenhlalo, ubuhlanga babantu lempi. Izinkinga Ukucwaninga amanani eRussia wafunda kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-18 leminyaka. Yiziphi emininingwaneni yabantu eRussia tsarist? Kuyinto ngokuyisisekelo isifundo sabantu izibalo. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, imisebenzi ebalulekile babe imisebenzi ososayensi AA Chuprov ku umthelela impi ku izinqubo umshado nesahlukaniso nenzalo, futhi Nowosielski, ngubani pored phezu kwezingane.

Census eyenziwa ngemva October Revolution. Lezi idatha wakha sisekelo izifundo ezihlukahlukene (hhayi kuphela lokubala ubuningi babantu). Nokho, e-30s, zonke izifundo yalolu hlobo ayisenziwa. Ukucwaninga amanani kwavuselelwa e-1960. Ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi aye aqaphela ukuthi lokhu isayensi akugcini labantu izibalo. Abacwaningi waqala ukutadisha ithonya izici okwandisa kanye nokuncipha okuzala, umshado, ukuthuthukiswa umndeni. Kusukela 70s kwekhulu elidlule bahlakulele umqondo inguquko ukubalwa kwabantu, nombhali owawungumnyaka AG Wisniewski. Nezibalo Russian ziye zaba ingxenye kagorny indlela futhi Sokuzenzela indlela, isayensi yasekhaya kancane kancane ukuhlanganisa ezweni. Ekupheleni kuka-20 futhi ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, abacwaningi ukhokha ngokukhethekile ekutadisheni ukufa kwezinsana, wenzalo nomshado imithetho, kanye nokuthuthukiswa yokwakheka nokulandelana ukubikezela. Konke lokhu ndawonye kwenza kube lula ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi nobuhlanga.