Wenzenjani ukuqaphela melanoma ngendlela efanele usaqala? Izimpawu nezinkomba melanoma isikhumba (isithombe)

Sitholakele "melanoma" ngokuvamile kuzwakala isigwebo sokufa, scaring hhayi kuphela kogulayo kuphela kodwa umndeni wakhe. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi ezifweni ekuthuthukiseni lolu hlobo umdlavuza omkhulu sitholwa njengefa.

Impumelelo ekwelapheni isifo (nabanye abaningi) ngokuqinile kuncike kulokho komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane lesi sifo kwatholakala. Lokho kusho ngamunye wethu kudingeka kube sobala mayelana nokuthi balubona kanjani melanoma ngendlela efanele usaqala ukuvimbela ekukhuleni kwayo yingozi.

Kuyini melanoma

Melanoma - uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba. It kubhekwa ezinodlame kakhulu, njengoba kuba ngenkuthalo ngenxa yokushaqeka lymph zibhebhetheka kuzo zonke izinhlaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ingaqala ngokushesha ngempela, e ngezinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi uyakwazi avuse ngisho olimele.

kwakhiwa Melanoma is kusukela isikhumba sombala i-melanin ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana okuthiwa melanocytes. It sitholakale 4% umdlavuza iziguli, kodwa cishe kuphela isimila, ukuthuthukiswa ezingasetshenziswa kubonakala ngendlela efanele usaqala.

By the way, ukucabanga mayelana nokuthi balubona kanjani melanoma (izithombe ongawabona kulesi sihloko), khumbula ukuthi lezi izimila kuphela 30% amacala aqale ukuthuthuka kwazo ezinsumpeni ekhona (nevi). Futhi-70% kubonakala kusayithi kwesikhumba lapho kwakungekho izindawo. Futhi, qaphela ukuthi i-melanoma kungavuka le mucosa, ngisho ngaphansi izinzipho.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza engabangela ukuba ukuthuthukiswa melanoma

Ukukhuluma mayelana nokuthi balubona kanjani melanoma futhi ukuthi, okokuqala kunakho konke, kufanele bathi, noma qhuzwana, noma ubona ukuthi umnyama umbala (noma kukhona kwezinhlobo amelanotic) futhi engaphumi njalo umumo.

Izinto ezibangela ukuthi Angashukumisela noma ucuphe ukuthuthukiswa melanoma zihlanganisa lezi ezilandelayo:

• nomthelela isikhumba emisebeni yelanga (lokhu kusebenza kokubili ilanga imithombo yokufakelwa - solariuies noma izibani amagciwane);
• ekhona ngaphambi nesenzakalo melanoma eyandulele, efana isiguli kanye nezihlobo zakhe;
• khona emzimbeni womuntu inqwaba amavukuzi (kuba amahlanu noma ngaphezulu);
• owesifazane;
• ukuguga (nakuba intsha futhi wathola melanoma);
• isikhumba esimhlophe, ngezinwele ezibomvu futhi inani elikhulu freckles ngokushesha abasafufusa.

Izimpawu zokuqala melanoma

izimpawu engeziwe akutshela indlela yekubona melanoma, kuzoba nezinguquko ezenzeka nge imvukuzane. Uma nevus selinqunyiwe, kuba ngetulu kwetintfo esikhumbeni, it kwandisa ngobukhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kushintsha lesikhumba, kufanele sibonise wesikhumba.

Ikakhulukazi izimpawu ezisobala ububomvu kuba isimo esiyingozi emhlabeni izicubu nevus, ukubukeka imifantu ke, izilonda embozwe uqweqwe, ukopha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umkhangu kubangela ukukhathazeka - ke itches noma ukusha. Kulokhu, isiguli kungase kwandise-lymph.

Njengoba i-melanoma ezikhulayo

Melanoma avame eba phezu nemilenze ephansi, isiqu kanye izingalo, 10% eziguli lesi simo singenzeka ekhanda noma entanyeni.

isimila Kuchazwe ngokuvamile likhula ezindaweni ezintathu - e izingqimba ezijulile isikhumba ubuso bayo noma ngesikhumba ku zezicubu ezizungezile. By the way, uba mkhulu lisakazeka isimila, yokubi onalesi sifo wezazi.

Ukuphendula imibuzo kanjani ukuqaphela le melanoma futhi sinezimfanelo kanjani ngokwayo, oncologists uthi Ukudlulela yayo okusheshayo futhi ukunqotshwa ama-lymph node eseduze. Ihlanganisa hhayi kuphela isikhumba, kodwa hematogenous noma, njengoba sekushiwo, indlela lymphogenous. By the way, metastases hematogenous unekhono ungene kabi noma isiphi isitho, kodwa ngokuvamile iningi ezisithintayo izinso, izindlala adrenal, isibindi, ubuchopho kanye namaphaphu.

Metastases esikhumbeni ibukeke uhlobo nokuqhuma ezincane, okuyinto avuke kancane ngaphezu kwaso, futhi ube nombala onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe abamnyama.

Wenzenjani ukuqaphela melanoma: izibonakaliso izimpawu zesifo

Uphawu lokuqala ukuthi umuntu endaweni imvukuzane eba melanoma ngokuvamile izinguquko ngokungazelelwe lolo uqale ke. Bhekisisa birthmarks yabo.

1. Kanti izinsumpa Ordinary zihlale izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana. Uma ngokusebenzisa phakathi kwabo ukudweba ngokwengqondo umugqa ke amabili hlangana neengcezu of imvukuzane evamile kuyoba ezifanayo isesimweni kanye nosayizi. Noma ikuphi ukwephulwa lokhu wesimethri kufanele abize izinsolo zakho.
2. Nakani amavukuzi komngcele. Uma esifaneleyo, ukufiphala, usongene, khona-ke kufanele ihlolwe.
3. Ababongela abadlali kufanele futhi ukushintsha umbala neoplasms yakho. Uma imvukuzane is ababethi umbala angaphezu kwelilodwa noma shades ezimbalwa - kuhlole.
4. Izimpawu melanoma akunakubangelwa ukwanda nenkundla umkhangu. Ngisho noma indawo yakho ayikho enye kwezinso (umbala bushelelezi, imingcele ecacile, ukuma ziyalingana), kodwa ubukhulu ngaphezu kuka 6 mm (mayelana efanayo ngesikhathi tip of irabha ipensela) - lokhu akunakubangelwa izimpawu ukukhathazeka.

Okungenhla, ungenza isiphetho ocacile mayelana nendlela ongayibona ngayo melanoma ukuthi isheshe itholakale. Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi akudingekile ukuba ulinde babe nazo zonke izimpawu ngenhla - kuphela omunye wabo ukuba nesizathu sina ukuba uthintane wesikhumba.

Nakulokhu futhi ekutheni sokukhathazeka uma imvukuzane ikhula

Zonke izici ebhalwe ngenhla ngokusekelwe eBhayibhelini ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo Ngokuqinisekile umesaba ukucabangela emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa sifuna ukukuxwayisa, nokuthi ucabanga mayelana nokuthi balubona kanjani melanoma futhi ungaphuthelwa izimpawu ungaqali ngokushesha ikhale alamu, okumenza ephawula ukuthi imvukuzane liye lenyuka. Phela, nevi abavamile ungase ushintshe njengoba sikuguqule ngeminyaka. Kungase ekuqaleni kube flat, bese ube ayizindunduma - akusiwona scary. Kodwa uma izinguquko olunje, njengoba besho, siyibhekile - uyephuza umkhankaso kudokotela akudingekile.

Phela, khona izinwele imvukuzane uqinisekisa ukuthi usengummemezeli!

uphethwe isifo

Kodwa nokho, uma you fanele phi khonondo mayelana nesimo se-amavukuzi zabo, musa ukuqagela mayelana nokuthi balubona kanjani i-melanoma, futhi kudokotela. Uthe izimpawu, thola zonke izici eziyingozi, afeze inhlolovo.

Ngenxa yokuthi, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, melanoma nolaka, kanye nentuthuko yayo kungaba avuse ngisho ukulimala ezincane, indlela engathandeki kakhulu koda of luhlolo yayo (ngaphansi kwakusho nokususa noma Histology, lapho ukuhlaziywa kuthatha akubona bonke imfundo, futhi ingxenye yalo encane ). Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kakhulu udokotela wenza kokuxilongwa kwangaphandle nevus.

Ngeke uhlole isimo-lymph enzansi, entanyeni e imbilapho, kanye ubamba radioisotope cwaningo lapho phosphorus isetshenziswa. Ngokusho Ukubuthelela anda unesimila bahlulelwe khona melanoma.

Lisetshenziswa njengendlela Cytology, lapho, esimweni uma kukhona abazoba melanoma ulceration, ebusweni isimila isuswe le isinyathelo, bese wathumela ahlolwe.

Ukuze sithole khona Ukudlulela wayisa viscera ultrasound, X-ray kanye imaging.

Kangakanani-melanoma

Uma isiguli isikhathi sokuba adingide lolu daba i oncologist, zisandakuqala melanoma umane excised. Kuye ngokuthi lakhiwe kanjani ngokujulile ke singene, kuba ekhishiwe kanye esincane isikhumba enempilo. Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze, ngaphezu, futhi ukwelashwa ekuqhakambiseni ifomu izidakamizwa ezingasiza unciphise amathuba kokushelela.

Uma esolwa lymph node ngemva biopsy Kolunye lwazo futhi yalokho omuhle kuthiwa uzisuse.

Lapho ukwelashwa melanoma ebonakaliswe inzuzo abalulekile immunotherapy. Lena indlela kuqhathaniswa entsha ye ukwelashwa, okuyinto eyenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukususa yesimila.

Ezigabeni kamuva lesi sifo iphendukele ngemisebe nangamakhemikhali, ngenhlanhla, lapho besanda wesine umdlavuza ayizwakali, ukuvumela kuphela ngezinga elithile ukwehla.

A amazwi ambalwa esiphethweni

Kulesi sihloko esiye sazama ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe indlela yekubona melanoma kwesikhumba. Izithombe kulo, futhi, ngokuqinisekile uthole ukuthi ziyini isimo.

Kodwa ekugcineni, Ngifuna ukwengeza ukuthi akudingekile ukuthola ngesikhathi umkhangu ukuma okungavamile, ngokushesha despair. Ingabe ngeke lushintshe imvukuzane ngamunye obungenza zomdlavuza, kungase kube izindawo atypical, nevi ingozi futhi dysplastic.

Nokho uhambo kudokotela akufanele imisiwe, ngoba kulesi simo kungcono ezintweni eziyingozi siqaphile ezingaba kamuva londoloza impilo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ekuphileni.