Viaduct - ebhulohweni design ekhethekile

Njengoba ecacile kakade kusukela isihloko sihloko, viaduct - ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho. Libhekene iphrojekthi enjalo kwezinye ibhuloho namadizayini kwemibhoshongo ezinkulu kanye nobude ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile, onjiniyela ukuphakamisa ukwakha izikhungo ezinjengalezi e amaphuzu ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo Ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi, emfuleni izigodi, ezihosheni kanye nemihosha. Kuleso simo, uma endaweni ethile akufaneleki nanini ukwakhiwa embankments okusezingeni eliphezulu, kungenzeka ukuba kwakhiwe le viaduct, okuyinto, ne ukunyakaza zokuxazulula izinkinga kule ndawo, ngaphezu futhi kukho ngempumelelo kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono.

Viaduct: kokuhle

Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi viaduct - kuyinto igama lesiLatini elisho "indlela» (nge) kanye "am» (Duco). Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu kuyinto elihlanganisa ekhethekile ehola ngokusebenzisa into (lula ukuhamba ngokusebenzisa into) nokuba ukwesekwa eliphezulu kakhulu. Nokho, uma kwebhuloho kuyinto ukwakhiwa yokufakelwa eyaba ngaphesheya kwechibi, emfuleni noma ezinye isithiyo emanzini, viaduct - umklamo esondele ngokusebenzisa umhosha, a precipice noma udonga. Phela, lokhu kubuye ukudalwa lokhu kuhluke kujantshi, okuyinto inezimpabano ke emendweni, ujantshi amathrekhi, njll D. Kusukela trestle kokuba nezipani esifanayo, viaduct libhekene umehluko yabo. I span ngobukhulu ngokuvamile ewela, wamjamisa esiqongolweni lonke ibhuloho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, platform ukulayisha okungcono zakhiwe phezu flat. Viaduct - ngokuphelele isilinganiso kulingane yokwakha, lapho inhlabathi ngenxa yobuthakathaka yayo ayikuvumeli ukuba lisetshenziswe njengeHholo ibhuloho nezinye isakhiwo. Uma kudingeka, nomklamo walo ikuvumela ukuba kancane kancane ukwandisa ukuphakama nezipani. Singasho yakhiwa ngamatshe, ngokhonkolo, ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu, metal. Njengoba umthetho, viaduct - Esikhatsini lesinyenti multi-span futhi arched kunokuba yokuntwela isakhiwo. Umlando livela okokuqala lo mklamo itholakala ngokuba sibuyele emuva ezikhathini zasendulo ukuchuma okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke emhlabeni

Lezi viaducts kukhona futhi elalidume kunawo wonke emhlabeni:

• Kaluga itshe ibhuloho.
• isitimela Mokrinskiy, ise eRepublic.
• Göltzsch Viaduct - isakhiwo ende kunazo zonke iphakeme isitini yalolu hlobo emhlabeni.
• viaduct Scottish, etholakala eduze nedolobhana Glenfinnan.
• Viaduct phezu komfula Syduhe (inesikhala kwebhuloho traffic ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni akuyona esingaphansi 0,472 km).
• Millau Viaduct (ukwesekwa yayo eliphakeme 0.341 km).

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezindaba zakamuva

Millau Viaduct - kuyinto uhlelo ukwakhiwa cabling ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho, okuyisona ngokusebenzisa esigodini somfula Tarn eduze Millau eningizimu yeFrance elise uMnyango Averonskom. He is engxenyeni yokugcina A75 onguthelawayeka, esinikela ukunyakaza high-speed capital (Paris) ukuze Béziers edolobheni. Ababhali yephrojekthi - ososayensi ababili ovelele emkhakheni wobunjiniyela kanye izakhiwo: Virlozho uMichel Norman Foster. Yakhelwe isakhiwo sabo grand kweqa iphuzu ezijulileyo esigodini somfula Tarn, uhlanganisa ingubo ebomvu ne Larzac ithafa futhi sihamba Grand Plateau ipherimitha (National Park) ezinsikeni zawo kwangaphakathi.

Funda kabanzi mayelana ongakhetha

Ibhuloho kuyinto steel Milhaud roadbed ehlanganisa 8 nezipani. ukweseka kwalo inikeza esilinganayo amakholomu steel. Isisindo endleleni - amathani ayinkulungwane 36. ububanzi 32 m, nokujula - .. 4.2 m viaduct Milhaud obuphelele Full 2460 m, ngamunye nezipani central (6 izicucu) has a ubude 342 m, kanye asele amabili kakhulu -. 204 m kule viaduct kabani isithombe zikhange, njengoba isivele okukhulunywa - ke ingenye edume kakhulu emhlabeni. kuso ukunyakaza kwaqala ngo-December 2004. Kubonakala sengathi akusadingeki ukuchaza umehluko phakathi viaduct kwaleli bhuloho kule ndaba.

namuhla Viaduct

Esikhathini esidlule, ibhuloho kokuba isakhiwo viaduct wesimanje, ezakhiwe ngokuphelele amatshe amakhulu, okuyinto iya scabbling inhlukano eside. Ukudalwa imiklamo efana sasetshenziswa semali umsebenzi wezandla isikhathi. izindawo wabheka ezinjalo besiyoba sikhulu futhi kube nzima, uhlobo waba okunokwethenjelwa ngempela. Ngenxa yokuthi umbono yezakhiwo kakhulu kwebhuloho kwakuhluke kakhulu ziphoqa yisintu, ekuthuthukiseni impucuko, futhi, ngokufanelekile, ubuchwepheshe kanye womshini zokwakha kanye ukwakhiwa uqobo, futhi bahlakulele umqondo ukwakhiwa izakhiwo ezinjalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ekwakhiweni amabhuloho, ukhonkolo kanye ukhonkolo kuholela kubo (ngokugcina lwaleli futhi uvumelanise design) ukwaziswa okuncane. Ngenxa truss izinhlelo, namuhla viaducts captivate umcabango nqunu imiklamo ahlukile weightlessness ezibukwayo futhi openwork futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukumelana imithwalo amazing.

Uyini viaduct

Noma ubani ecabanga lo mbuzo, uyaqaphela ukuthi ibhuloho esinjalo - lokhu kuwubufakazi ikhono labantu ukuba anqobe bemvelo, yokulawula wakhe. Kuyinto ngamandla engqondweni yakhe le ndoda yakwazi ukubamba ngendlela ephephile futhi enamandla nge obuphelele ezinhle, lapho ngisho ne iphuzu Geological umbono, kungase kubonakale sengathi, lokhu kwakha ayikho indlela. Lezi design - kuyingxenye ebalulekile ye kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye, ikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa nezimboni zezimboni nokwakhiwa besikhathi sethu. viaduct ngalinye - ubuhle emangalisa namandla isakhiwo, okuyinto isithelo wacabanga onjiniyela ekhaliphile abaklami abanamakhono.