IMetropolitan Museum eMoscow Petersburg: ngezibuyekezo nezithombe

Metropolitan - omunye ezisunguliwe kunabo bonke ekhulwini lamashumi amabili. Kunzima ukucabanga ngokuphila edolobheni elikhulu ngaphandle lolu hlobo ezokuthutha. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi eMoscow Petersburg kungaba uvakashela isikhungo ezifana iMetropolitan Museum of Art. Izivakashi kweminye yale mizi ngokuqinisekile kuyoba ezithakazelisayo ukuya endaweni enjengale.

Metro njengoba imodi yezokuthutha

Igama elithi "komhlaba" Lokudabuka English ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "ujantshi wedolobha elikhulu". Metropolitan - kuwuhlobo ekhethekile zokuthutha, okuyinto umugqa legatsha (noma amagatsha amaningana), okuyisona isitimela phezu imizila ecacisiwe. Isici esiyinhloko ngesitimela, lapho iyahlule zonke ezinye izindlela zezokuthutha, kuyinto kude kwaso, ukuzehlukanisa maqondana emgwaqweni nabahamba ngezinyawo.

Noma kunjalo, ngesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukunquma ukuthi uhlelo oluthile ezokuthutha libhekisela esitimeleni. Ngokwesibonelo, uma Esiteshini komhlaba sesitimela eNew Athos? Noma okuthiwa ngesivinini tram emzini Krivoy rog, ingxenye umzila oludlula ngaphansi komhlaba? Yingakho kukhona abaningi "hybrid" (umngcele) kaMasipala izinhlelo emhlabeni.

ongaphansi komhlaba line emhlabeni wokuqala Yakhiwa eLondon ngo-1863. Ubude bayo cishe 6 amakhilomitha.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni uhlelo ongaphansi komhlaba namuhla New York ongaphansi komhlaba. Kuhlanganisa imizila 24 futhi ine 468 iziteshi. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani ezitimeleni ngobukhulu eMoscow.

Vakashela iMetropolitan Museum edolobheni elithile - ithuba elikhulu ukuze ufunde mayelana nomlando ukwakhiwa yayo, futhi mayelana nomuzi lonke.

Moscow Metro: Esikhathini Esidlule Nanamuhla

Esikhathini ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, kwakukhona Esiteshini lokuqala enhlokodolobha yase ngalesi simo. Umugqa wokuqala wethulwa eMoscow ngo-1935, futhi ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi, ngo-1941, edolobheni zikhona kakade amaningi njengoba ezintathu imigqa. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II imigudu YaseMoscow Metro ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa njengoba ibhomu zokukhosela.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, umbono kokwakhiwa esitimeleni emzini ezenzeka esikhathini Izinsuku zoMbuso Wase-Russian, okungukuthi ngo-1875. Kodwa onke amaphrojekthi atikasetjentiswa. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe yezindaba zemihla ongaphansi komhlaba e Moscow ngokuningiliziwe ukutshela ngomlando indalo yayo kanye nentuthuko.

Namuhla eMoscow uhlelo kaMasipala kuhlanganisa imigqa 12 lapho 196 iziteshi zitholakala. Kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo, inani lawo kulindeleke ukuthi senyuke ngomunye iziteshi 78.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Esiteshini eMoscow - akuyona nje yezokuthutha. Libuye libe reserve wangempela okwangempela nomphakathi - imisinga yamasiko nenkathi yamaSoviet. Ngakho, 44 iziteshi eMoscow Metro afakiwe ohlwini kwezinto nakumasiko yezwe.

IMetropolitan Museum of Art (eMoscow)

Ziphephile Museum nakanjani kuyoba mnandi for abantu babo bonke ubudala. Uphenyo ke omuhle kakhulu.

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi i-Museum of Moscow Metro yasungulwa ngo 1967. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho embukisweni lokuqala elincane lahlelwa. abasebenzi Metro baye basikisela ukuthi kuyoba mnandi nje izakhamuzi yenhloko-dolobha. Futhi babengenzi phutha. Umnyuziyamu uye waba izivakashi njalo kusukela osukwini lokuqala kakhulu khona.

Kunengqondo ukuthi Museum of Moscow Metro futhi ngaphansi komhlaba. Okungukuthi - ngaphakathi metro station "Ezemidlalo". Vakashela kungaba kusukela ngoLwesibili kuya ngoMgqibelo (kusuka 10 ekuseni kuya ku 16:30).

Ngokuvamile, iMetropolitan Museum wazithinta ezinhle ezifana izivakashi abavamile, kanye abantu eMoscow zixhumene ne ezokuthutha okhokhelwayo. Lapha ungakwazi ukubona ziphephile eziningi ezithakazelisayo, kuhlanganise: amamodeli we izitebhisi ezihambayo kanye Isango, ngobuningi emhubheni ongaphansi komhlaba yangempela isitimela gumbi, amamodeli eziningi, kanye iqoqo elikhulu amathokheni namathikithi (ezinye zazo esukela emuva ngo-1935).

Izibuyekezo Museum kuphela omuhle. Bonke abaye ubulapha bathi ziphephile Sinesithakazelo esikhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi mlando zendawo abathandi zonke izinhlobo kwakudala. Okudumile ezivakashini kanye uhambo besekela Museum, okuyinto eyenziwa ezingeni eliphezulu. Abaningi alikhuthalele leli thuba zihlale esihlalweni kaMasipala umshayeli wesitimela.

Nokho, izivakashi Museum and aveze omunye ethile yayo enkulu - ke incane kakhulu ukuvezwa ezinjalo.

Petersburg Metro: Esikhathini Esidlule Nanamuhla

Ngokungafani ezitimeleni eMoscow Petersburg ke wethulwa ngemva kwempi - ngo-1955. Namuhla Petersburg Metro siqukethe imigqa emihlanu, has 67 iziteshi futhi 7 Izikhumulo. Ezinye iziteshi kuhlanganiswe ngokuphumelelayo zezitimela komuzi.

Ngesikhathi Petersburg Metro sici esisodwa esiwuphawu: eliyosenza ubuqhawe zephasi ngokukhanyiselwa iziteshi komhlaba ukujula avareji. Futhi omunye wabo ( "Admiralty") yilona ejulile eRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi iziteshi design ehlukene amahle original.

Njengoba kunjalo nge Metro eMoscow Petersburg, umqondo wokwakha Esiteshini kwavela ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba ukuthuthukiswa amaphrojekthi ezinkulu Kwathi kuphela-1930 ngasekupheleni.

Ngo-1941 kwaqalwa umsebenzi we- ukwakhiwa yayo. Ngaphambi nje kokuba kuhlasela kaHitler phezu abasebenzi eSoviet Union kwadingeka ukuba abeke 34 ezimayini isiqu. Nokho, ijubane babefanele uzamcolo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali ukwakhiwa olwengeziwe. A efile futhi Ukwakhiwa Manager IG ngo-1944 Zubkov.

Qedela ukwakhiwa kwalesi Petersburg kaMasipala kwaba kuphela ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili. Ukuvula umasipala Petersburg (ke Leningrad) wawenziwa ngo-November 15, 1955.

IMetropolitan Museum of Petersburg

Metro Museum e-edolobheni Petersburg yasungulwa ngo 2005. Futhi bahlanganyele kule nqubo wathatha omakadebona Petersburg kaMasipala. Ukuvakashela leli Museum esiyingqayizivele iqala documentary umlando nekambiso yeenthuthi. Bese kuthi-ke izivakashi uqale ngijwayele izimfihlakalo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi izimfihlakalo Petersburg ongaphansi komhlaba.

Ngokwesibonelo, abaningi abahlala emadolobheni abanesifiso umbuzo wokuthi kungani esiteshini "Avtovo" omunye umbhoshongo ezenziwe ngengilazi, kanye nezinye - zemabula. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe khaphi ujabule ukuwuphendula. It kuvela ukuthi kulesi siteshi wonke amakholomu kwakumelwe ezenziwe ngengilazi. Nokho, lesi sitshalo waphula isikhunta, futhi ngokushesha zemabula yasetshenziselwa womshini omunye amakholomu.

"Very interesting!" - kaningi ukukhuluma ngalokhu Museum. Nakuba abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu Museum akusho ivelele phakathi kwabanye ukuthi angaya khona futhi, uma lutho okunye ukwenza, entry khulula. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa kubo bonke abavakashi Museum of the St Petersburg ongaphansi komhlaba uyavuma ukuthi kungcono ukuzivakashela zivakashele. Phela, ngakho-ke ungafunda amaqiniso amaningi ezithakazelisayo mayelana ongaphansi komhlaba nokwakhiwa yayo.

isiphetho

IMetropolitan Museum eMoscow Petersburg - nendawo enkulu kulabo abathanda kakhulu e izici kule modi emangalisayo zokuthutha. Kulezi zindawo, izivakashi ngeke nje ufunde mayelana nomlando ukwakhiwa ongaphansi komhlaba edolobheni elithile, kodwa futhi ukuzwa izimfihlo nemikarisomraro ye eHayidese emadolobheni amakhulu yeRussia.