Uyini umthamo zamagama? Indlela yokuthola amandla zamagama: ifomula

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla ikhompyutha, informatics, amandla zamagama, uhlelo yezinombolo nezinye imiqondo abaningi uxhumano ngqo kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Iningi labantu namuhla owazi kahle ngalezi zinto simanje. Ake sizame ukucacisa lokho amandla zamagama, kanjani ukubala futhi zisebenza ku umkhuba. Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu akungabazeki, kungaba wusizo umkhuba.

Kangakanani ulwazi

Ngaphambi kokusuka ukuhlola umbuzo uyini rwe zamagama, futhi bebonke, ukuthi kuyini, kufanele uqale, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ngokuqinisekile sonke siyazi ukuthi namuhla kukhona ekhethekile wokulinganisa uhlelo akubaluleke ngalutho, ngesisekelo amagugu inkomba. Ngokwesibonelo, amanani afanayo amabanga futhi amamitha, ngoba mass nesisindo - isisindo, isikhathi esithile - imizuzwana, njll

Kodwa indlela yokukala umthamo kwemininingwane ngomqondo umbhalo? Yingakho lo mqondo amandla zamagama yethulwa.

Uyini umthamo zamagama: umqondo

Ngakho, uma ulandela ojwayelekile ukuthi ukubaluleka kokugcina okukhishwa liyipharamitha ukuthi inquma inani lezikhathi isithenjwa iyunithi is embondelene in ukubaluleka elinganisiwe, singaphetha ngokuthi amandla zamagama inombolo inani lezinhlamvu ezingu esetshenziselwa ngolimi oluthile.

Ukuze wenze kube sobala, ake ushiye umbuzo kanjani ukuthola amandla zamagama eceleni, ninake izinhlamvu ngokwabo, yebo, ngokuya kolwazi nobuchwepheshe. ukukhuluma Cishe, uhlu oluphelele izimpawu ezisetshenziswa iqukethe izinhlamvu, izinombolo, kubakaki ahlukahlukene, izinhlamvu ezikhethekile, izimpawu zokubhala, njll Nokho, uma sisondela umbuzo yini amandla zamagama kuba indlela yokunikezelana encike kwikhompuyutha, kufanele kufakwe lapha futhi igebe (igebe phakathi amazwi olulodwa noma ezinye izimpawu).

Thatha isibonelo isiRashiya, noma kunalokho, isendlalelo sekhibhodi. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, uhlu oluphelele iqukethe 33 izinhlamvu, izinombolo 10 nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile 11. Ngakho, amandla Imininingwane zamagama kuyinto 54.

Imininingwane uphawu isisindo

Nokho, umqondo jikelele amandla zamagama akusho ucacise isimo ukubala imiqulu kolwazi wombhalo oqukethe izinhlamvu, izinombolo kanye nezimpawu. Lokhu kudinga indlela ekhethekile.

Empeleni, ngicabanga ukuthi, kahle, yilokho yayiyobizwa esiphansi emiswe ngokwesigaba ngcondvomshini, bangaki izinhlamvu kungaba ubambe? Impendulo: ezimbili. Nasi isizathu. Iqiniso liwukuthi yilowo nalowo uhlamvu, noma kungaba incwadi noma idijithi has zayo ulwazi isisindo lapho umshini futhi bayaqaphela ukuthi lokhu kusho phambi kwakhe. Kodwa ikhompyutha uyaqonda kuphela ukumelwa ngesimo abathandekayo futhi amaqanda kulokho, eqinisweni, eyasungulwa wonke isayensi.

Ngakho-ke, iyiphi uhlamvu kungenziwa emelelwa ukulandelanisa ehlanganisa amadijithi 1 futhi 0, ngamanye amazwi, ukulandelana sakugcina zimise incwadi, inombolo noma uphawu siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili.

Ulwazi kakhulu efanayo isisindo, kuthathwe njengoba ulwazi oluvamile iyunithi ibizwa kancane (1 kancane). Ngenxa yalokho, 8 izingcezu akha elilodwa ibhayithi.

Ukumelwa lezinhlamvu ikhodi kanambambili

Ngakho, liyini amandla zamagama, ngiyacabanga, okuncane kuyaqondakala. Manje sibheke ezinye izici, ngokukhethekile, ukuqonda okuwusizo ku amandla usebenzisa binary code. Njengoba isibonelo ukuze kube lula sithatha zamagama equkethe uphawu 4 kuphela.

I zamadijithi amabili okungasenani kanambambili ikhodi ukulandelana kanye ukumelwa Imininingwane kungenziwa bachazwa futhi ngalendlela:

Yingakho - siphetho esilula: amandla N = 4 zamagama uphawu iyunithi isisindo 2 izingcezu.

Uma sisebenzisa enamadijithi amathathu-binary code for zamagama, isibonelo, ne ezingu-8, inani inhlanganisela kungaba:

Ngamanye amazwi, lapho amandla zamagama N = 8, isisindo uphawu elinye kube enamadijithi amathathu-binary code ilingana 3 izingcezu.

Indlela yokuthola amandla zamagama futhi ulisebenzise ngokwemigomo ikhompyutha

Manje ake uzame ukubheka ubuhlobo ebonisa inombolo kwamadijithi ikhodi namandla zamagama. Formula lapho N - zamagama amandla oluhlelwe ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama b - inombolo kwamadijithi ikhodi kanambambili izobukeka kanje:

N = 2 ^b

Okungukuthi, 2 ¹ = 2, 2 ² = 4, 2 ³ = 8, 2 ⁴ = 16, njll ukukhuluma Cishe, inani elidingekayo kwamadijithi ikhodi kanambambili yiyona isisindo uphawu. Ngokuya ulwazi libukeka kanje:

Ukumeda ivolumu idatha

Nokho, kwaba nje isibonelo esilula, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ukuqonda sokuqala yini amandla zamagama. Qhubeka ngokuqondile abakuyo.

Kulesi sigaba ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe bama-computer osonhlamvukazi ukuthayipha based, usonhlamvukazi kanye nezinhlamvu ezincane, Cyrillic kanye zesi-Latin, izimpawu zokubhala, abakaki, izimpawu izibalo, njll Kwakuvamise ezingu-256. Ngokusekelwe yokuthi kuba 2 kuya 256 ^8, elilodwa kalula ukuqagela ukuthi isisindo uphawu ngamunye kule zamagama kuyinto 8, okungukuthi, 8 izingcezu noma 1 ibhayithi.

Uma sicabanga yonke imingcele ezaziwayo, ungakwazi kalula ukuthola inani elidingekayo of ivolumu Imininingwane kwematheksthi. Ngokwesibonelo, siba umbhalo ikhompyutha, inamakhasi angu-30. Omunye khasi imigqa 50 nezinhlamvu ezingu-60 noma yiziphi izinhlamvu, kuhlanganise izikhala.

Ngakho, ikhasi elilodwa sizoqukatha 50 x 60 = 3000 bytes kolwazi, futhi wonke umbhalo - 3,000 x 50 = 150,000 amabhayithi. Njengoba ubona ngisho umbhalo encane ulinganiswa amabhayithi ungakhululekile. Futhi kuthiwani lonke umtapo?

Kulokhu-ke kungcono ukuhumusha ibe umthamo ukubaluleka namandla kakhulu - amakhilobhayithi, wamamegabhayithi, gigabytes, njll Ngokusekelwe yokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, 1 kilobyte ngu-1024 amabhayithi (2 ^10), futhi megabyte - 2 ¹⁰ amakhilobhayithi (1,024 Kbytes), kulula ukubala ukuthi inani lombhalo ulwazi isibalo sezibalo ngoba lesi sibonelo kuyoba 150000/1024 = 146 484 375 amakhilobhayithi noma wamamegabhayithi cishe 0,14305.

esikhundleni posleloviya

Ngokuvamile, kuba kufushane futhi zonke, ngokuphathelene Ukucabangela lokho amandla zamagama. It uhlala ukuze ungeze ukuthi le ncazelo yasetshenziselwa indlela luyingxenye zezibalo. Nakanjani ukuthi umthwalo semantic umbhalo kuleli cala akubhekwa.

Kodwa, uma sisondela Ukubuyekeza zikuthola sesimweni enikeza umuntu into bukisisa, iqoqo inhlanganisela lutho noma ukulandelana kwezinhlamvu kulokhu kuzodingeka zero traffic nomthwalo, nakuba, kusukela umbono umqondo ivolumu idatha, umphumela Kusengenzeka ukubala.

Ngokuvamile, ulwazi namandla zamagama kwemiqondomagama akunzima ukuqonda aphansi futhi ingasetshenziswa ngomqondo senzo. Kulokhu, yimuphi umsebenzisi cishe nsuku zonke ebhekene nale. Ukuwaloba isibonelo ethandwa Igama processor noma yimuphi omunye ezingeni elifanayo, esebenzisa uhlelo esinjalo. Kodwa-ke ungayididanisi ngayo evamile "incwajana." Lapha Alfabhethi amandla aphansi, kusukela ukuthayipha alisetshenziswa, isibonelo, ngosonhlamvukazi.