Uyini nokuvinjelwa kwezifo esiwufuzo?

manje imithi yesimanje isifike ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. kwentuthuko ezithile ezilotshwe empini yokulwa nezifo sitholwa njengefa. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba aphathe kahle lezi zifo, ke into esiyibhekile zokuvimbela. Le nqubo kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ekuvimbeleni ukuvela izifo ezintsha kanye nokuvimbela lokuzalwa izingane emikhayeni lapho kukhona izinkinga sitholwa njengefa. Abantu abaningi bafanisa i nabo izifo azalwa nako. Nokho, phakathi nabo kukhona umehluko eliyisisekelo. izifo azalwa naso kubangelwa izici eziningana. Ngaphandle izinkinga zofuzo zesifo zingaba activators yizimo zangaphandle, ezifana ukuchayeka izidakamizwa ngemisebe, njll .. Kunoma ikuphi, nokuvinjelwa kwezifo lezinceku kufanele kube impoqo ukugwema nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo esikhathini esizayo.

zofuzo Inani

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganise ekuvimbeleni, kubalulekile ukuze sithole ukuthi kukhona izinkinga emndenini ethile. Kule ndaba, ukubaluleka okukhulu inamathela ufuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, amalungu amaningana iyunithi yezenhlalakahle wasungula khona izifo sitholwa njengefa. Khona-ke amanye amalungu omndeni wehluleka kudlule ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka okukhethekile. Kuyokusiza ukuba abone abantu abe nezici ezithile ukuze lesi sifo. zokuvimbela Esifike Ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo zofuzo uzokusindisa asemrarweni esikhathini esizayo.

Okwamanje, ososayensi bahlola abasebenza ekutadisheni izakhi zofuzo nezici ezithile ukuze nezifo ezingamahlala khona. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, sizokwazi ukwakha iqembu elithile iziguli, futhi baqala ukuba afeze izinyathelo zokuvimbela.

I zofuzo ipasipoti

Njengoba sekushiwo, ezokwelapha zesimanje ethuthuka usuku ngalunye oludlulayo. Lokhu kusebenza futhi nokuvinjelwa kwezifo sitholwa njengefa. manje Ochwepheshe icabangisise ukuze ukwethula ipasipoti zofuzo. Limelela Imininingwane sibonakalisa isimo iqembu marker gene futhi loci e umuntu othize. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le phrojekthi isivele oyi-sivunyiwe, kanye namazwe afana no-USA kanye Finland, ukwaba ukutshalwa sokuthuthukiswa imibono.

Ukwethulwa ipasipoti zofuzo kuyisinyathelo esingathí sina ukuthuthukiswa ukuxilongwa kanye nokuvinjelwa kwezifo sitholwa njengefa. Phela, ingasetshenziswa kalula ukukhomba nezici ezithile ukuze isifo futhi baqala ukubhekana naso.

Ukuthola propensity nezifo

Okokuqala, ake sithi ukuthi umndeni ngamunye kufanele kuqashwe impilo futhi ukwazi izifo zabo zenani elikhulu eziyifa. Uma ukuqamba kahle futhi lozalo ukuhlaziywa, kungenzeka ukuthola nezici ezithile umndeni nesifo esithile. Khona-ke, usebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ochwepheshe embule ukuba khona propensity amalungu ngazinye umphakathi ukuba isifo cell.

Esikhathini sethu, sivula izakhi zofuzo ungalokothi uphuze ukuze komzimba, isilethikusebenza, sikashukela, isifuba somoya, umdlavuza, izifo izifo zabesifazane nokunye .. Kwesinye isikhathi udokotela ihlola izivikeli mzimba lesiguli kanye kuthola khona zezakhi zofuzo ezishintshwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izifo zenani elikhulu eziyifa kanye azalwa naso futhi zokuvimbela zabo - ndaba kunalokho xaka. Ngakho-ke, into yokuqala okumelwe uyenze isifundo kunazo olunzulu ukuze unombono ngenkinga. Luhlolo Medical okufanele iqhutshwe kuphela ngenkululeko yomuntu, futhi onguchwepheshe ubophekile ukuba silondoloze ukugcinwa kwemfihlo yokwaziswa.

Uma umphumela uchwepheshe, futhi isivumelwano, kungase uyithumele nodokotela wakho. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi udokotela uzoqala umsebenzi nokuvinjelwa kwezifo sitholwa njengefa.

Izinhlobo kwezinso ngofuzo

Njenganoma iyiphi enye ukugula, it has ngezigaba lalo. izinkinga Ukubambezeleka zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. nezifo ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo. Lesisifo umphumela ukulimala kwe-DNA ezakhini zofuzo.
2. izifo Chromosomal. Lokhu zokugula livela ngokuqondene inombolo okungeyona lezakhi zofuzo. Okuvame kakhulu nesifo esiwufuzo yalolu hlobo kuba Down Syndrome.
3. Izifo nge nezici ezithile zofuzo. Lezi zihlanganisa isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukusangana nokunye. D.

Ngokuqondene nezindlela zokugwema izifo ngofuzo, zikhona eziningana ephumelela kunazo, inkulumo mayelana iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo ngezansi.

Ukukhomba isifo ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwengane

Okwamanje, ukufunda kuphumelela kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa kusungulwa izindlela ezintsha uphethwe kokubeletha. Ngalezi zindlela sekungenzeka ukuba wazi ukungabi nabantwana ekhaya, ngisho isisu. Ngaphandle yini izinyathelo kakhulu ongakwenza, ngoba ukuthola izifo lezinceku kumele sithathwe. Kungenjalo, ungase ube isimo unsolvable, okuzokwenza kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina.

Nge ukuxilongwa kokubeletha ongabikezela ngomphumela ukukhulelwa nge zokugula ezithile. Lapho efeza izifundo ezihlukahlukene kungaba ne okungenzeka kakhulu izinkinga ekuthuthukisweni fetus izifo lezinceku mayelana anamakhulu mahlanu.

Isizathu sokuba kuqale uphethwe kungaba:

• ukuhlonza isifo esithile umndeni;
• izifo ezithile zabo bobabili abazali noma nje unina;
• yobudala sowesifazane (engaphezu kwengu-35).

Izindlela ukuxilongwa kokubeletha

Izinyathelo izifo lezinceku zihlanganisa prophylaxis kanye nezindlela ukuthola kokubeletha izifo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona:

1. Amniocentesis. essence yayo itholakala isizinda-amniotic fluid. Le nqubo kwenziwa isonto 20 sokukhulelwa nge wokubhoboza odongeni kwamathumbu.
2. Horionbiopsiya. Le ndlela ukuthola izicubu chorionic. Kufanele kusetshenziswe ngaphambi, okungukuthi uma sebehlanganisa amasonto angu 8-9 esesibelethweni. Umphumela ibangelwa wokubhoboza odongeni besisu noma ngokusebenzisa ukufinyelela wesibeletho.
3. Platsentotsentez. Kulokhu, udinga ukuthola villi umzanyana. Le ndlela isetshenziswa ngasiphi isikhathi sokukhulelwa. Njengoba ezimweni odlule, villi ungathola by wokubhoboza odongeni kwamathumbu.
4. Cordocentesis. Ochwepheshe ukukhomba le ndlela njengoba ephumelela kunazo. Ingqikithi yalo iwukuba bathole ngegazi Ukubhoboza umzanyana. Indlela esetshenziswa yi-amasonto 24-25 esesibelethweni.

Ucwaningo abesifazane abakhulelwe

Sifo, nokwelashwa kwezifo lezinceku ezinganeni ongakazalwa abanokukhubazeka Kwenziwa esebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Le nqubo ibizwa eyenziwa ngezinyathelo ezimbili: ukuthola amaprotheni igazi ultrasonography fetus.

Eyokuqala inqubo umkhiqizo obelethisayo noma gynecologists abafaneleka futhi ube nezinto ezidingekayo. amaprotheni ezingeni iyenziwa kabili: ngomhlaka-16 no 23 Emasontweni onke okukhulelwa.

Isigaba sesibili lubalulekile kuphela uma Wabonisa izinsolo bokuba khona izinkinga umntwana ongakazalwa. Ultrasound luhlolo is best kwenziwa izikhungo. Ngemva kwalokho, ukwelulekwa zofuzo wenziwa ngesisekelo okuyinto indlela ukuxilongwa kokubeletha kuyakhethwa. Ngemva kwalo lonke uvivinyo ezidingekayo kuzophothulwa, isiphetho sokukhulelwa ozonquma ochwepheshe.

Ukuhlola umntwana osanda kuzalwa

Uyini nokuvinjelwa kwezifo esiwufuzo? Lo mbuzo wabuzwa abantu abaningi, ngoba bacabanga ukuthi angeke kuvinjelwe, kodwa banephutha. Nge uphethwe ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokwelashwa izifo zofuzo unganikeli nezinkinga ezingase zibe ziholele ekufeni.

Screening - ngempela indlela ethandwa futhi ephumelelayo for ukuthola lesi sifo. lenqwaba zasungula izinhlelo. Asiza ukwenza ucwaningo pre-clinical isithombe ezinye izifo. Sinenkosi indawo ukuba, uma isifo kunzima. Khona-ke, esimweni sokutholakala ukuthi une-masinya futhi ifike ngesikhathi, lesi sifo ingelapheka.

ERussia namuhla kukhona khona umkhuba onjalo. Kweminye imitholampilo imikhawulo izinhlelo zokuxilonga kanye nokwelashwa hypothyroidism futhi phenylketonuria. Ake uzihlole, igazi ethathwa izingane ezinsukwini 5-6 zokuphila. Labo abamagama okuphula zimayelana ingozi ethile. Izingane ezinjalo linqume, okuyothi kakhulu kunciphisa sengozini yokuthola.

ukwelulekwa zofuzo

Ukwelulekwa bofuzo kuyinto usizo lwezokwelapha ezikhethekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuzalwa izingane ezigulayo. izifo human zenani elikhulu eziyifa kanye zokuvimbela yabo akaconsi phakathi kwezinye izifo. Phela, sikhuluma nezingane abangazange ngisho weza nenhlalakahle.

Ukwelulekwa kungenziwa Uchwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kuphela emkhakheni wokusebenza kwezakhi zofuzo. Le ndlela kuyinto ephelele ukuvimbela zokuzalwa kwezingane yizifo eyifa kunzima ukuyelapha. Umgomo ngokwengqondo ukunquma ingozi umntwana ozalwa esiwufuzo. Futhi, udokotela udinga ukuchazela abazali ukubaluleka le nqubo futhi ukusiza isinqumo.

Izizathu Ukwelulekwa

Nokuvinjelwa kwezifo lezinceku athuthukile ngesikhathi sibonga ezingeni eliphezulu ukuze izindlela ezintsha kanye namasu. Ukwelulekwa bofuzo Kwenziwa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• ingane izalwe iziyaluyalu azalwa naso entuthuko;
• izinsolo noma ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi esiwufuzo emkhayeni;
• imishado izihlobo;
• uma kukhona kuye kwaba namacala isisu noma ukuzalwa kwengane isishonile,
• engu-owesifazane okhulelweyo (iminyaka engu-35);
• ekhulelwe uyahlukumezeka kanye nezinkinga.

Udokotela uthatha umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu lapho seluleka, lapho ukuzalwa isixwayiso engaphelele ingane, awusona ukuhlupheka emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe angeke zisuselwe nakho futhi izibalo ezinembile okungenzeka ogulayo ingane lokuzalwa.

isiphetho

Ngokuvamile zikhona izikhathi lapho abazali besaba ukuba azale ingane igula futhi bayenqaba ukwenza kanjalo. Lokhu kwesaba ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyafaneleka, futhi uma udokotela akusho sibakholise, kuba singumkhaya onempilo awukwazi ukuthatha indawo.

Nokuvinjelwa kwezifo lezinceku iqala kwehhovisi likadokotela. Ngemva kokwenza adingekayo ucwaningo Uchwepheshe kufanele ukuchaza yonke ezicashile abazali babo, ngaphambi kokuba athathe isinqumo sokugcina. Kunoma ikuphi, kwaba ngabo izwi lokugcina. Udokotela yena, kumelwe senze konke okusemandleni ukuze basize ingane ukuba izozalwa enempilo futhi ukusungula singumkhaya onempilo.