Izimpawu kanye kophawu LED

Ama-LED aphakathi kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezifunwa kakhulu, nasezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. I-nuance ebaluleke kunazo zonke yokubandakanyeka kwabo isigaba esilungile. Enhliziyweni yendlela yayo ingaba ukusetshenziswa kwe-labeling ekhethekile yama-LED. Bangaba kanjani? Iyiphi inkampani ecacile yesicelo sabo?

Ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nama-LED

Ngaphambi kokuba sifunde ukuthi yimiphi imigomo esetshenziselwa ukuphawula ama-LED, ake sicabangele ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nemikhiqizo ehambisana nayo. Ayini?

I-LED iyi-diode ekhethekile evumela uma umbane kagesi udlula kuwo. Ingxenye eyinhloko yale mkhiqizo iyisici se-semiconductor. Uhlobo lwezingxube eziqukethe umbala uma i-LED ikhanya. Isibonelo, uma i-aluminium ingeziwe ku-semiconductor, umbala we-LED lapho umshini kagesi osetshenziswa khona ungabomvu. Uma wengezwa indium - eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Embonini yanamuhla, ama-LED akhiqizwa ngohlu olubanzi kunazo zonke zokuguqulwa okusekelwe kokungcola.

Imikhiqizo ecatshangelwayo (ukubeka uphawu lwe-LED kungabonisa lesi sici) isetshenziselwa ububanzi obubanzi kunazo zonke zezimboni: ekwenzeni izibani, amathelevishini, izakhi zokuhlobisa, njll. Kulezi zindawo, ama-LED ezimweni eziningi azikho izifaniso, futhi uma kunjalo Ezimweni eziningi kukhona izinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa.

Isibonelo, uma siqhathanisa i-incandescent yendabuko kanye nezibani ze-LED, khona-ke lokhu okungase kube kuhle, ngoba:

- bayoba namandla okusebenzisa amandla;

- bayoba nokuphila kwesevisi ende;

- bayakwazi ukusebenza emotheni elincishisiwe;

- zibonakala ngobungane bomhlaba, ukuphepha kokusebenza.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-LED

Esinye isici esizowusizo ukutadisha ngaphambi kokucubungula ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-LEDs kusetshenziswa kanjani ukwakhiwa kwezici ezihambelanayo. Zihlanganisa:

- AmaLense (avame ukuwenziwa nge-respo epoxy);

- ucingo lokuxhumana;

- crystal;

- umbukiso;

- electrodes;

- i-anode ne-cathode.

Ama-LED asebenza kanjani?

I-LEDs isebenza kanjani? I-reflector ye-element ehambisanayo ihlanganisa i-crystal ye-LED. Isigaba esilandelayo sichaza i-angle ekhethekile yokusabalalisa. Ukukhanya okukhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa i-voltage kuya kwe-LED kudlulela emigqeni yezindlu, bese kufinyelela ku-lens, bese kuqala ukuhlakazeka.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ama-LED akwazi ukusebenza kokubili ebangeni lembala elibonakalayo nakwe-infrared. Lesi sici sigcizelela ukuxhaswa kwemikhiqizo embuzweni. Ukumaketha kwama-LED kungasetshenziswa ukukhombisa umbala womkhiqizo ohambelanayo. Ake sicabangele izici zalo ngokuningiliziwe.

Yiziphi izici zokumaka ama-LED ngombala?

Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukumaka okuhlanganisiwe kwama-LED ngombala emakethe yomhlaba akukavunyelwe. Umkhiqizi ngamunye usebenzisa izindlela zakhe zokuhlukanisa imikhiqizo efanele. Uma ukukhuluma ngemakethe yaseRussia - ekuhlukanisweni kwezwe lethu lamadidi okukhanyisa ngezinhlobo ezingu-4 zanda:

- Olubomvu;

- oluhlaza;

- ophuzi;

- i-Orange.

Ake siyihlole ngokuningiliziwe kokuqukethwe kokumaketha imikhiqizo ehambelanayo.

Ama-LED abomvu emakethe yaseRussia: ukumaka

Uma umugqa obomvu usetshenziselwa ukumaka kwe-diode yaseRashiya, kuzoba ngohlobo lwe-AL112A (D) futhi luzovutha okubomvu. Uma ukumaka kuboniswa umqambi ohlaza, khona-ke i-LED izobekwa njenge-AL112B (D) futhi izokhanya ngokubomvu. Futhi, i-blue bar ibonisa umkhiqizo wohlobo lwe-AL112B. Ibuye ibe nombala obomvu. Umbala ofanayo kuzoba ngama-LED alandelayo abhalwe ngamachashazi abomvu: АЛ1123 (К), АЛ301А, АЛ310А, АЛ316А, kanye no-PIKM02А-1К.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona ama-LED abomvu:

- АЛ1124 (Л) no-АЛ307Г ngephuzu elihlaza;

- AL112I (M), AL310B, kanye ne-AL316B enechashazi elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka;

-АЛ307А, АЛ307В, АЛ336К, futhi ne-КИПД02А-1К enephuzu elimnyama;

- КИПД02Б-1К ngamachashazi amabili amnyama;

- АЛ301Б, АЛ336Б, kanye ne-КИПМ02Б-1К ngamaphuzu amabili obomvu.

Kukhona uhlobo lomkhiqizo AL307B ngaphandle kokumaka - nokukhanya okubomvu. Ake sicabangele manje ukuthi yini esetshenziselwa ukumaka ama-LEDs aluhlaza emakethe yaseRussia.

Ama-LED ahlaza

Ngakho, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka unemikhiqizo elandelayo:

- КИПД02В-1Л enephuzu elimnyama;

- AL336I enekhamera elimhlophe;

- AL336G, kanye ne-КИПМ02Г-1Л ngamaphuzu amabili aluhlaza;

- КИПД02Г-1Л - ngamachashazi amabili amnyama.

Uhlobo lwemikhiqizo elandelayo ejwayelekile emakethe yaseRussia luphuzi. Ake sicabangele ukuthi ukumaketha kwe-LED kuyini, ukuyihlaziya - ngokuphathelene nemikhiqizo yohlobo olufanele.

Ama-LED aphuzi

Ama-LED anomlilo ophuzi afaka:

- АЛ336Д - ngephuzu elilodwa eliphuzi, i-АЛ336Е - ngamabili, i-АЛ3364 - enezintathu;

- АЛ307Д, КИПД02Е-14 - ngephuzu elilodwa elimnyama, i-АЛ307Е ne-КИПД02Е-14 - neyodwa;

- КИП02Д-1 - - ngamachashazi amathathu aluhlaza.

Uhlobo olulandelayo lwemikhiqizo i-orange. Sizofunda ukuthi ukumaka kwama-LED (i-LED) wohlu oluhambelanayo.

I-Orange LEDs

Imikhiqizo enokukhanya kwe-orange ihlanganisa:

- I-LED AL307I - emakwe ngechashazi elimhlophe;

- AL307L LED - ngamachashazi amabili amhlophe.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa imikhiqizo embuzweni. Ngakho-ke, ukumaka kwama-LED (i-LED) kungenziwa ngezizathu ezithile. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezigaba eziningi zokusetshenziswa kwalolu mkhiqizo ukukhiqizwa kwamathaneli okukhanya. Ake sicabangele ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-LED kusetshenziswa kanjani uma sicabangela ukuklanywa kwalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo.

Izici zokumaketha amapheshana e-LED

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ze-LED kungokwezinhlobo zebhizinisi, lapho indlela yokuhlanganiswa yabakhi bomkhiqizo ekubhalweni kwemikhiqizo ejwayelekile. Ngakho, ukuze uhlukanise ama- strips e-LED , ikhodi ehlanganisiwe enezici ezingu-8 isetshenziswa. Itholakala kwisakhiwo esilandelayo.

Esikhathini sokuqala sekhodi ehambelanayo, igama leqhaza elikhulu le-tape - I-LED, i-LED, ibhaliwe.

Into yesibili yekhodi ikhombisa umbala womkhiqizo ohambelanayo:

- R - obomvu - kusuka e-English Red;

- G - oluhlaza - kusuka kuGreen;

- B - okwesibhakabhaka;

- CW - emhlophe;

- Ikhodi ye-RGB ibonisa ukuthi i-LED inemibala eminingi.

Engxenyeni yesithathu yekhodi okucatshangwayo, okufakwa kuyo ukubethelwa kwe-LED kwama-terminals. Isibonelo, zingahle zihlukaniswe njenge-SMD. Okusho ukuthi, ikhodi izobonisa ukuthi i-chip yakhelwe ukufakwa ngokuqondile ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe, ngaphakathi kohlaka lokubheka phezulu. Futhi, ikhodi ehlanganisiwe nayo ingabhalwa nge-LED njengeDIP, ezobonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yakhelwe ukufakwa hhayi ebusweni bento, kodwa emigodini.

Esikhathini se-4 se-ikhodi ehlanganisiwe ye-LED ibonakala ubukhulu bomzimba ngamamitha. Ngo-5 - inani lemikhiqizo ehambelanayo kumamitha ayi-tape, lapho efakwe kuwo.

Ngo-6 - isigaba sokuvikelwa kwe-LED kusukela emthethweni wezici ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle. Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, ikhodi ye-IP ingasetshenziswa ebonisa ukuthi isilasi sokuvikelwa siboniswa ngokuhambisana nesilinganiso sembonini sokuvikelwa kwamadivaysi e-IEC-952.

Isici sesi-7 sibonisa izinga lokuvikelwa kwe-LED. Lapha kungaba khona amakhodi:

- 0, okubonisa ukuthi ama-LED awavikelekile ezimweni zangaphandle;

- 1, ekhombisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uvikelwe ekungeneni kwezinto ezinamamitha angu-50 noma ngaphezulu;

- 2, ekhombisa ukuthi i-LED ivikelwe ngezinhloso ezinezinhlangothi ezingu-12-80 mm;

- 3, ekhombisa ukuvikelwa ezintweni ezinesisindo esingama 2.5 mm noma ngaphezulu;

- 4, ekhombisa ukuphepha kwe-LED kusuka ezintweni ezibubanzi ukusuka ku-1 mm;

- 5, ekhombisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uvikelwe ekungeneni uthuli ngenani elingabangela ukuphazanyiswa kokusebenza kwe-LED;

- 6, okubonisa ukuthi akukho ukufaka uthuli emkhiqizo kuvunyelwe.

Futhi, isici sesi-8 sekhodi ehlanganisiwe ibonisa izinga lokuvikelwa komkhiqizo kusukela ekungeneni kwamanzi. Ingaqukatha amakhodi alandelayo:

- 0, ekhombisa ukuthi i-LED ayivikelwe emiphumeleni yamanzi;

- 1, ekhombisa ukuthi amaconsi amanzi awakwazi ukungena emkhiqizo, ewela ngokuqondile;

- 2, ekhombisa ukuthi i-LED ivikelwe emanzini amanzi awela engeni ye-degrees 15;

- 3, ukulungisa ukuvikelwa kwamaconsi awela ekhoneni lika-degrees angu-60;

- 4, ekhombisa ukuthi i-LED ivikelekile emanzini amanzi awela kumkhiqizo kunoma iyiphi indawo;

- 5, ekhombisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uvikelwe ekusebenzeni kwamanzi okuqina okujwayelekile;

- 6, ebonisa ukuthi amanzi aqondiswe umfudlana oqinile angeke angene ngaphakathi kwe-LED;

- 7, ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi angeke angene emkhicweni ngisho noma efakwa ngaphansi kwe-cm 15;

- 8, ekhombisa ukuthi i-LED izogcina ukusebenza ngisho noma ibhapathizwa emanzini isikhathi eside.

Ukumisa ikhodi ye-ileyili ehlanganisiwe ye-LED strip: isibonelo

Isibonelo sekhodi ehlanganisiwe singabonakala kanjani esakhiweni esasihlolisayo?

Ngakho, isibonelo, ukumaka kwama-SMD-LED kungabonakala kanje: LED-R-SMD-5050/60 IP68. Kusho ukuthi:

- ama-LED afakwa kwi-tape;

- imikhiqizo ehambelana nokukhanya okubomvu - R;

- Itheyipu yenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-LED afana ne-SMD - okuwukuthi, eklanyelwe ukuba ifakwe ebusweni;

- I-LED inenani lobukhulu lama-50 ngamamitha ayi-50 square. Izigidi;

- ku-tape kunama-LED angu-60, lelo qiniso;

- ngokuhambisana namazinga womhlaba wonke, i-tape ingasetshenziswa endaweni enothuli, kanye nokubekwa isikhathi eside emanzini - i-IP68.

Abakhiqizi bamathaneli e-LED, ngaleyo ndlela, banikeze abasebenzisi babo ukuhlelwa okulula nokwazisa kwemikhiqizo. Ngosizo lwaso, kungenzeka ukuthi i-label ye-SMD yama-LED nekhono le-DIP isigaba.

Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo evamile, ukukhululwa kwalo okusebenza ngemikhiqizo embuzweni - izigqoko zezimoto nezibani zokukhanya. Kuzoba usizo ukutadisha ukuthi ukumaka kwezimpawu ze-LED, kanye nemikhiqizo efakwe kuma-flashlights ezinhlobonhlobo, kwenziwa ngokulandelana.

Izici zokumaketha kwama-LED for izibani

Isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke isibani se- LED esifakwe ekukhanyeni kwemoto yiluhlobo lwekhanda layo. Kulesi parameter kufanele iqondiswe ngokuyinhloko ngokukhetha ukukhanya kwezimoto - ngokusetshenziswa kwayo esikhundleni se-halogen.

Isibonelo, uma ukhetha isibani se-LED sokukhanya kwekhanda, khona-ke phakathi kokumaka nokugqama kwayo, izici ezilandelayo zingagcinwa:

- Ukumaka kwe-H1 kufana namandla we-55 W nokukhanya kwe-1550 lumens;

- H3 - amandla 55 W nokukhanya okukhulu 1450;

- H4 - 55 no-1650 ngokushayela ukukhanya, 1000 - eseduze;

-H7 - 55 no-1500;

- H8 - 35 no-800;

- H9 - 65 no-2100;

- H11 - 55 no-1350;

- HB2 - 60 no-1500 yokushayela ukushayela, 910 - eduze;

- HB3 - 60 no 1860;

- HB4 - 51 no-1095.

Ochwepheshe batusa ukukhetha izibani ze-LED ezidlula kancane ukukhanya kwemikhiqizo ye-halogen.

Kunezinye izindlela zokwenza ngezigaba, lapho izikhombisi zezinkinobho zokufakwa kwezingqimba zingasetshenziswa. Isibonelo, kunezinhlobo ezihlukene zemikhiqizo efakwe ezikhanyeni zombhobho - isibonelo, H8, H10, kanye ne-H11. Izibani ezifana ne-W5W, T10, kanye ne-T4W zifakiwe ku-jikelele, kanye nezibani eziphendukayo. Uhlobo oluthile lwe-LED, ngakho-ke, lukhethiwe ngokusekelwe ngenhloso yalokhu noma lokho okukhanyayo.

Ukumaketha kwama-flashlights e-LED

Uhlobo olulandelayo lomkhiqizo lapho ama-LED angasetshenziswa khona ama-flashlights. Ukuhlelwa kwemikhiqizo ehambelanayo nakho kunama-nuances. Ukumaketha kwama-LED ngezibani zokukhanya ngokuya ngenqubomgomo yabakhiqizi kungafana nokufanekisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpawu ze-LED, esizicabangele ngenhla, futhi okuyingqayizivele (nakuba ngokuqinisekile kuyisithakazelo somenzi wokwenza ukuba sisondelane kakhulu nezindlela zomkhakha jikelele) .

Isibonelo, singacabangela ukuhlukaniswa kwama-LED ngezibani zenkampani yaseMelika i-CREE - omunye wabaholi emakethe yomhlaba wemikhiqizo ehambelanayo.

Izibani zokukhanya ze-CREE: ukuhlukaniswa

Imikhiqizo yalo mkhiqizo ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu - izibani ze-XLamp, kanye nama-super-bright. Ngamanye amaqembu afanele ahlelwa emindenini, ehluke ngohlobo lwemikhawulo yezindlu nokusebenza. Isimiso esiyinhloko sokuhlelwa kwalesi simo yi-value evunyelwe yamanje edlula nge-crystal okwamanje esakhiweni se-LED.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi izinkinobho ezinamandla kunazo zonke zohlobo lwe-XLamp kusuka ku-CREE yimikhiqizo enenani elilinganayo ngenani elingaphezu kwe-350 mA. Kanti, imikhiqizo emihle kakhulu isebenza njengamanje okusebenza kakhulu kakhulu - ngokuvamile ayiqedi 50 mA. Ekhuluma ngokukhethekile ngezigaba ze-CREE, izibani zeqembu le-Xlamp zihlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezilandelayo eziyinhloko: XR, XP, MC.

Amakwe, futhi, ngokukwaziswa okufanayo.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi wonke ama-SMD ama-LED. Ukumaka okuzobonisa leli qiniso, kulokhu kungase kungasebenzi, ngoba emgqeni ohambelanayo akukho mkhiqizo ongahlangabezani nalo mgomo. Kuye nge-crystal ethile, ukumaka kwalezi zinhlobo zama-LED kungase kuhlanganiswe ngezinhlamvu C noma E.

Kanti, ama-LED, ahlukaniswe njenge-super-bright, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ahlukene ngokuyinhloko ekukhethweni kokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, inkampani ikhiqiza imikhiqizo ebizwa ngokuthi i-P4 - ine-square cross section kanye neziphumo ezingu-4. PLCC. Ama-LED ashintshelwe ukuphakama kokubambisana ahlangene ngumenzi kumkhakha we- PLCC.

Isifinyezo

Ngakho-ke, sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izigaba ezichazayo zemikhiqizo enjalo njenge-LED marking-characteristic. Ukuxhumeka kwabo, ubukhulu, izimo zokusebenza, ukuphepha kanye neminye imingcele kungaboniswa ngosizo kolwazi olufanele. Isigaba esamukelekayo esivamile sokwenza izinto ezikhanyayo embonini yezwe asivunyelwe. Nokho, lokho kungase kuqondwe kahle ukuthi lezi zimveliso zisetshenziselwa ububanzi obubanzi kakhulu zezimboni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezindaweni ezithile lapho kusetjenziswa khona ama-LED, izimpawu zokumaketha zazo zingahlanganiswa. Isibonelo, lokhu kuhilela ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ze-LED. Ukusebenzisa ikhodi yokumaka ehlanganisiwe enezici ezingu-8, umsebenzisi anganquma imingcele esemqoka yemikhiqizo ethengwe.

Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, ukuthola ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa mayelana LED kufanele basebenzise kuphela ngezigaba kanye kophawu, ezakhelwe brand nomkhiqizi ethize. Kungenzeka okufanayo kulabo agcwele indlela bezinkampani ukuncintisana, futhi ngempela esiyingqayizivele.

Ezimweni eziningi, umbandela wokuthola Ukwahlukaniswa LED kungase kungabi kangaka izici zabo njengenhlangano ngemikhiqizo ezimele, njengoba kwemigomo umkhiqizo wokugcina lapho ayakuma. Ngokwesibonelo, izimiso ezinjalo kungenziwa imikhiqizo ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha izibani zemoto oluthathwa - ngokoMthetho ewusizo kakhulu LED ekupheleni umsebenzisi nokusebenza wokugubha. Nokho, ngaphandle umongo yokugcina umkhiqizo ngezigaba, futhi ngenxa yalokho, nekukumakwa LED ezingase zithathwe ngendlela izimiso ehlukene ngokuphelele.