Uyini MAT nendlela wokufunda isifinyezo?

Moscow Art Theatre yaqanjwa M. Gorky - omunye enkundleni edumile yemidlalo yaseshashalazini kakhulu, futhu ethandwa ezweni lethu. umqondisi yobuciko yiyona actress abadumile Tatiana Doronin.

Mat

Kuyini MAT? Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu amatiyetha inhlokodolobha sika. Bonke abathandi yaseshashalazini ubuciko, yebo, ujwayelene lezincwadi abawabheka njengayigugu. Mat yasungulwa ngo 1898. imisuka akhe angamalangabi KS Stanislavsky futhi V Nemirovich-Danchenko. Theatre izikhathi eziningana yashintsha igama layo. Ekuqaleni lalibizwa Ubuciko ebhayisikobho yomphakathi, ngo-1901 wathola igama eMoscow Art Theatre, futhi waziwa ngokuthi eMoscow Art Theatre ngo-1919. Sokuqonda izifinyezo - eMoscow Art Academic Theatre.

Umlando Theatre Lokuzalwa

Juni 19, 1897 at yokudlela "Slavic Bazaar" umhlangano KS Stanislavsky futhi V Nemirovich-Danchenko eyayikhuluma udaba udale i yaseshashalazini ezintsha ukuthi ayahambisana izimiso ngesisekelo okuyinto wasebenza Paris "Mahhala Theatre" A. Antoine nase-Berlin yaseshashalazini "Mahhala Isiteji" O Brahma. Lena indlela entsha ngokuphelele umbono wokwenza, lapho konke has ukubhekana namaqiniso, ngaphandle declamations yimikhuba nendlela affectedness. Liphinde ujabulise yaseshashalazini kufinyeleleke, okungukuthi, ukuba amanani ithikithi wawuphansi, kanye nanoma yiliphi ilungu isigaba sabasebenzi kungathatha ubuhle. Ngakho zomphakathi Art Theatre (Mat) yadalwa.

Ngo-1901, igama elithi "umphakathi" lisusiwe kusukela igama ngoba amanani ithikithi kwadingeka bavuswe, le Duma wenqaba anakekele izindleko zalo msebenzi, nokunakekela impahla yalo wagabadela izakhamuzi acebe. Umqondisi futhi umphathi baba VN Nemirovich-Danchenko, futhi KS Stanislavsky kuhlangene isikhundla umqondisi sika nge isikhundla sokuba inhloko. Qembu babe abafundi waqoqa eyayitadishe owenza ngokumcabangela Nemirovich-Danchenko, futhi abadlali non-professional ababedlala e imikhiqizo ye Stanislavsky.

Ukukhiqizwa sokuqala ngqá yaseshashalazini kwaba nosizi "Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich" UTolstoy sika, eyabonakala phenomenally yimpumelelo, futhi ngokushesha wathandana izethameli. Ekupheleni 1898 kwathatha indawo le "seagull" kwesizini AP LaseChekhov, okuhleliwe kamuva elaba edume. Lokhu Teatrika kancane kwaba fresh, yokuqala, ngokugqamile iyezwakala. Kuze 1905, i-repertoire kuhlanganisiwe kudlala abalobi ababe ababephila ethiyetha kuphela: AK UTolstoy, AP LaseChekhov, AM Umunyu, uH Ibsen, futhi kamuva kwangena nokusebenza classical. Ngo-1906, uhambo lwakhe lokuqala phesheya waya eMoscow Art Theatre qembu (ifunda igama lakhe linikwe yithi ngenhla).

Lesi sakhiwo yaseshashalazini

Isifinyezo MAT uvele hhayi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ekuqaleni bebungekho uhlamvu "A" futhi ethiyetha yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Moscow Art Theatre. Kuze 1902 qembu azange abe isakhiwo sabo, futhi ukusebenza ezaboniswa egumbini aqashiwe nge indawo izihlalo 815. Gcina amasethi, izingubo, phinda futhi bahlele workshop yayingekho indawo, ngalokho kwaba khona isidingo sokushintsha egumbini. Izimali ukwakhiwa babengenalo MAT akuyona uxhaso ngumbuso kanye imali yerenti kumnikazi wokwakha. Nanguya phezu Imali etholakele lapho nezimali ezivela ithikithi yokuthengisa nokusuka abashisekeli. Omunye labo ababebeka imali yaseshashalazini, kwaba Morozov abadumile, owathatha ngokugcwele kamuva phezu ngezimali ye eMoscow Art Theatre. Wayeyikhathalela sokuqasha ibhilidi entsha, ukulungiswa yayo kanye nemishini. Summer of 1902, ncamashi izinyanga ezintathu ngaphansi nkundla kabusha indlu Lianozov lapho inkampani wathutha ekwindla ka-1902. Ngo esitheni isakhiwo sokuhlala esisha ehholo lwenzelwe izibukeli 1,200, yesehlakalo kwaba ifakwe turntable, futhi ngaphansi kwalo ibekwe ezitolo capacious for imihlobiso. Kwathi irharideni esenziwa beya esikhundleni njengoba liphuma, futhi luhlobise isibonakaliso odumile we-Moscow Art Theatre - seagull, okuyinto liyachuma phezu kwamagagasi.

nenkathi yamaSoviet

Kusukela ngo-1906 ethiyetha baqala izikhathi ngenxa ukungavumelani phakathi Stanislavsky futhi Nemirovich-Danchenko. Ngenxa yalokho, enqaba ukuba babambisane productions, nakuba igebe wayengekho inyunyana yabo okudala. Ngo-1919, naleli qembu, okuyinto waqhubeka uhambo yonkana emadolobheni yesifundazwe, waqunywa wasuka eMoscow ngenxa kulwiwa, futhi Labe ngenkani ukuba size siye kwamanye amazwe, futhi kuphela ngo-1921 bakwazi ukuphindela.

Ngo-1920 ethiyetha wakhushulwa isikhundla sokuba zezemfundo, esikhundleni uvele MAT MAT isifinyezo.

1922 kwaphawulwa yokuthi ingxenye qembu abadlali, eliholwa K. Stanislavsky, iminyaka emibili babuka Europe, nabo banquma ukusala phesheya engasafuni ukubuyela e-USSR. Ngo-1923, uVladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko waba kabusha qembu, njengoba K. S. Stanislavsky wayekholelwa ukuthi abadlali baye baphelelwa umphefumulo, ayisekho ukufuna ukuthuthukisa, futhi umatasa impahla, spoilt izimali ezinkulu futhi baba uyazethemba kakhulu. abadlali abaningi baye sithathelwe indawo abasha nentsha, kwaba ukuthi umfutho sokuthuthukiswa YaseMoscow Art Theatre.

I repertoire of yindawo sathathwa play bemidlalo ye isikhathi, nakuba ukusebenza classical kwenzeka, futhi ngesisekelo ukusebenza yawo kwakuyilawa ezintsha. Ukusebenza edume kakhulu kwenkathi babe "Izinsuku abaphehla ugesi", "Armored zemininingwane 14-69", "Usuku Crazy noma Ukuhlanganiswa Figaro." Ngo-1930, umehluko phakathi uVladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko futhi KS Stanislavski emkhawulweni, futhi ngo-1934 washiya YaseMoscow Art Theatre Stanislavski.

Ngo-1932 ethiyetha kwaba igama Maksima Gorkogo wanikezwa, ukuthi bangaphansi kwesibopho afake repertoire yakhe ngaphambi kwemisebenzi yamandulo.

Ngemva kokufa VN Nemirovich-Danchenko eMoscow Art Theatre ran Arts Council.

Eminyakeni 1950-1960 ethiyetha kwaba esibucayi, ukuntuleka umqondisi oyinhloko kuye kwaholela yokuthi abaqondisi babengabahwebi abadlali, ngenxa iningi kudlala babe esikhashana, izethameli kwakunganele, ukuthandwa wawa, futhi ubutha collective wabusa.

Ngo-1970, umkhandlu ubuciko wamiswa esikhundleni sekuba umqondisi omkhulu O. Efremov, ngubani waphefumulela impilo entsha enkundleni yemidlalo, okuhleliwe uchungechunge ukusebenza oluvelele, qembu olusha. Kwathi uma kufika lapho udumo YaseMoscow Art Theatre sika. Into kuphela ukuthi eyasehlula - isimo iqembu, ekugcineni okwaholela yokuthi kwakukhona ukuhlukana qembu ku-2 okuhlushwa, ngamunye eyayintula repertoire ayo futhi umqondisi walo.

Moscow Art Theatre. AP laseChekhov

Ngokushesha wajinge wanamatsela ngesigamu qembu lalenziwa yaseshashalazini ezimbili ezihlukene, futhi ngenxa yalokho eMoscow sasingamashumi amabili eMoscow Art Theatre. Ngamunye wabo waba umholi wayo. Yini YaseMoscow Art Theatre okuthiwa AP LaseChekhov? Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu amathiyetha ezimbili, kwakhiwa kusukela okuhlukene. Theatre okuthiwa AP LaseChekhov eholwa Oleg Efremov. Ngo-2000, ngemva kokufa kwakhe, waba inhloko-Oleg Tabakov, umnikazi wehhovisi namuhla. Siyabonga kuye, walivusa i-repertoire, ogxile ezincwadini zasendulo manje. Futhi kuvuselelwe inkampani. Namuhla, phakathi abadlali yamabhayisikobho kukhona ezifana amagama adumile njengoba K. Habensky, M. Porechenkov nabanye abaningi. Ngo-2004, igama yaseshashalazini wanyamalala incwadi "A", okusho ukuthi "zezemfundo", futhi manje-ke kubizwa ngokuthi YaseMoscow Art Theatre iqanjwe laseChekhov. Nakuba igama elisemthethweni engashintshwa, it is washintsha kuphela amaphosta. Yikuphi namuhla izindlela (njengoba elihunyushwe) Mat? I efanayo phambi yaseshashalazini zigoqiwe - eMoscow Art Academic Theatre. Itholakala kwindlela Chamberlain.

Theatre Doroninoj

Uyini eMoscow Art Theatre yaqanjwa M. Gorky? Lokhu yaseshashalazini yesibili, kwakhiwa emva uqhekeko ngo-1987. Yena isipikili ke Tatiana Doronin. umi YaseMoscow Art Theatre okuthiwa kanjani ngemva M. Gorky? Impendulo silula: Moscow Art Academic Theatre yaqanjwa Maksima Gorkogo. Itholakala kwi Abakwazi Abakwenzayo Boulevard. Mat egijima T. Doronina ithobela amasiko okuyinto baye basungula ngenkathi Stanislavsky. Enkundleni kukhona izingcezu classical nge abuyiselwe ukuqondisa Nemirovich-Danchenko. I liwuphawu eMoscow Art Theatre yaqanjwa M. Gorky kuyinto Gull phezulu namagagasi.

Isikole-Studio

Uyini eMoscow Art Theatre School-Studio? Lokhu isikhungo semfundo ephakeme, okuyinto evulekile ngesikhathi Theatre okuthiwa AP LaseChekhov. Lapha ulungiselela abadlali esizayo, abaqondisi, nabakhiqizi. Vula studio esikoleni kwaba ngo-1943 ekuthatheni isinyathelo uVladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-6 kokufa kwakhe, isikole yethiwa kuye. Lokhu yaseshashalazini ekolishi ingenye edume kakhulu futhi ezidume kuleli zwe, kukhona kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza ngenxa umncintiswano omkhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, e-mnyango wenza umncintiswano abantu abangaba ngu-30 endaweni. Phakathi kwabafundi abathweswa iziqu YaseMoscow Art Theatre School iqanjwe VN Nemirovich-Danchenko, inani elikhulu abadlali abadumile: L. Bronevoy, E. Evstigneev, T. Doronin, O. Basilashvili, A. Filozov, uVladimir Vysotsky, N. Karachentsov, E. Proklova, A ibhola, Mironov nabanye.

I repertoire YaseMoscow Art Theatre yaqanjwa M. Gorky

Izethameli, okungenani kanye wavakashela eMoscow Art Theatre, ngoba iningi ingxenye ikhefu impendulo nomdlandla kakhulu. Ngakho, amazwi wokwenama azisizanga ikheli abalingisi, abaqondisi, Abahlobisi. Ethiyetha kukhona nemidlalo ezithakazelisayo, kokubili zakudala yesimanje, okuyinto, ezimweni eziningi, kuthandwa kakhulu nomphakathi. Esikhathini repertoire kukhona ukusebenza izingane, okungase wavakashela njengomkhaya.

Namuhla, phakathi imikhiqizo abadumile kakhulu:

• "Blue Bird";
• "Chocolate Soldier";
• "Master noMargarita";
• "Romeo and Juliet";
• "Vaudeville Russian";
• "Hamlet";
• "Vassa Zheleznov" kanye nabanye abaningi.

Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, akekho kungekho mbuzo, njengoba zezitsha (njengoba elihunyushwe) Mat.

inkampani

Kuze kube manje, kule nkundla abadlali engaphezu kwengu-60. 18 babo baye isihloko "Umculi ahlonishwe of Russia" no-13 - isihloko "Umculi Russia Yabantu".

Ngakho namuhla ivela kithi MAT, nema sokuqonda okuyinto ifana "eMoscow Art Academic Theatre."