UMariya Ermolova: Biography, lokusungula

UMariya Nikolaevna Ermolova - Star Russian yaseshashalazini scene idume ithalente yayo emangazayo. ukuphila wakhe uye subordinated kusevisi yamabhayisikobho, indlela yakhe yonke - ke yisibonelo nothando olungenabugovu yobuciko.

Ebuntwaneni inkanyezi esizayo

Julayi 15, 1853 ngazalwa starlet yesehlakalo Maria Yermolov. Biography of actress lwaluqala Umndeni ezihlobene yaseshashalazini: umkhulu wakhe, wake waba violin serf ngesikhathi Nezikhulu Volkonsky, ngenxa yosizo lwakhe, wathola inkululeko yakhe futhi ukuphila kwakhe konke wasebenza ikhabethe we Maly Theatre, noyise wentombazana, njengoba ayemiswe njengoba prompter. Ngakho-ke, enendawo kusukela ebuntwaneni shí ekuphileni kwesiteji. Ufuna endaweni yesehlakalo ebhokisini le prompter sika, wayeqiniseka ukuthi iyoba actress kangcono. Uneziqu 4 ubudala wayedlala phambi izigcawu esibukweni ezahlukene, futhi abazali is ezifudumele.

Ubaba Yermolova kwaba ubuntu Nutty kanye nobuciko, wafunda okuningi, ngesineke, ngabhala nenkondlo nemidlalo. Kodwa inhlamvu nzima, izingane ezikhuliswa e okukhulu kakhulu, ngangenwa ukuqhuma kobudlova lolaka phezu trifles. Lokhu kuye kwathonya umlingisi indodakazi, eyachitha konke ukuphila kwayo kugwenywe kumphakathi wonkana, wayethobekile kakhulu nesingakhangi.

Isifundo namaphupho

Yermolova umndeni kwaba phakathi kwabantu abampofu, ukukhetha kangaka, lapho ukufunda, intombazane wayengekho lapho. Ubaba wayekholelwa ukuthi sonke izingane ingane kufanele ukujwayela ukuba ubunzima bokuphila, futhi ikakhulukazi weyengenandaba nezinjabulo yabo. Le ntombazane ngisho ABC, wafunda ukufunda imidlalo, okwakukhona nenqwaba edeskini kayise. Ngezinye ingane iminyaka 9 ubudala, kwanqunywa ukuba uthumele ukufunda ngesikhathi eMoscow Theatre School, kwakukhona khulula, "embuso" indawo eMnyangweni ballet, lapho Yermolov ababhalisile. Futhi waqala eminyakeni enzima kunazo zonke ekuphileni kwakhe. Dance ithalente, Maria awuzange, isifundo ngasinye kwaba bahlukunyezwa ngenxa yakhe, kepha othisha ofunda waphawula amakhono ayo kwezobuciko.

Eminyakeni 13, uyise Wakwazi ukuhlela ukuvakasha wokuqala nendodakazi ku scene okukhulu, wanikwa indima farce "omakoti Ten futhi akukho nomkhwenyana" ngesikhathi Maly Theatre. Image Fanshetty Yermolova wayengekho eduze, kanti impumelelo kwakuthiwe, ngaphezu, edume umlingisi Samarin igwetshwe: ". Yenze hhayi ukuba umdlali waseshashalazini"

Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuvimbele iphupho lukaMariya scene okukhulu, wayazi yonke kudlala ababesedwaleni Maly Theatre, wayeqiniseka ubizo lwakhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi. Futhi ngenkani baragela phambili nokuthuthukisa umsebenzi we ballerina.

DEBUT yimpumelelo

Marii Ermolovoy kuyanda kwakungelona esivikelekile futhi kulindeleke. Ingozi eminyakeni 16 ethola ithuba lokwenza kanjalo ivele qophelo Maly Theatre e indima okukhulu. N. Medvedev ekuyi prima yaseshashalazini ukulungiselela Benefis futhi ngokushesha ngifuna indawo onesifo G. Fedotova ekwenzeni Lessing "Emilia Galotti" futhi ofunda naye esikisela ukuba uMariya belulekwa candidacy yakhe. debutante impumelelo lidlule wonke amathemba, izethameli ishaqekile imizwa ngobuqotho futhi ezijulile actress abasha. Ubethula wabiza ukukhothamela izikhathi 12, kwaba engakaze izwakale ngani ukuba debutant. Yermolov yena phansi encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku: "Ngijabule kakhulu namuhla." Kodwa okokuqala yimpumelelo abayekanga izifundo zayo ubuhlungu ballet, iminyaka emibili kwadingeka baqede imfundo yabo yamabanga esikoleni futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba iqedwa ukungena indlela oyifunayo actress okukhulu.

Theatre - ukhanda

Ngokushesha ngemva kokushiya esikoleni Yermolov wangeniswa qembu we Maly Theatre. Kodwa ukuphathwa yaseshashalazini yayiqiniseka ukuthi ukuba umdlali abasha iyona engcono ahlekisayo indima, futhi ubeqala ayenikezwa indima kuphela vaudeville. Wadlala amantombazane asemancane engenangqondo, ukubenza ukujula ngokwengeziwe futhi zaba namandla kakhulu ukwedlula umculi ayehlosile kwasekuqaleni. Nokho, indima Masha e "ubugqila amadoda, 'uMarta e" uMlobokazi I Tsar sika "" umndeni zobugebengu, "U-Emma sika Lida e" Wedding Krechinsky "noMarianne e" Tartuffe "libé wakhe kungaba isiqalo esihle. Ukuze izindima Maria Nikolaevna wasondela njengokubaluleke kakhulu isikhathi eside ngifuna izici zobuntu, ukucabanga iphethini isithombe. Eminyakeni yokuqala emithathu yaseshashalazini waqala ukutadisha isikhathi sakhe, yena waqoqa amakhono, ukuze ibone amakhono ayo.

A DEBUT yimpumelelo futhi indima yokuqala kakhulu izinkinga zokuphila Yermolova yaseshashalazini, ekuqaleni, yena esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe ngomona malevolence. Kwakunzima angena inkampani futhi ngenxa yobuntu bakhe mnyewu. Yena kwakufanele ukwesekwa Shchepkin umndeni, izihlobo umlingisi odumile. umuzi wabo uya nezazi eMoscow, futhi uMary wakwazi ukuletha eziningi oxhumana ewusizo ukuthi ngeke kumsize esikhathini esizayo.

Talent actress edabukisayo

Kancane kancane, abenzi mafilimu zikhombisa amandla ithalente Yermolova futhi zifundise yakhe izindima eziningi ezinkulu. Ngo-1873, yena waba nenhlanhla ngokwanele ukusebenza umfanekiso Catherine e "Storm" A. I. Ostrovskogo wachitha iminyaka engu-eziningana siphelelisa futhi honing le ndima, ngokuletha ekupheleleni. Talent has ukuvuthwa, kanye umlingisi has ukuze uthole okuhlangenwe nakho, kwande force okugcwele. Kwathatha iminyaka eyisithupha ngaphambi ngesikhathi Maly Theatre bakhanya onke amandla ayo inkanyezi kweqiniso entsha - Maria Yermolov. Umlingisikazi ngo-1876 kwavela limi kahle kakhulu futhi sesivuthiwe inzuzo. Ngokukhethekile habitue kwendilinga ngesikhathi Shchepkin Sergey Yuryev ngoba elihunyushwe play by "umthombo Sheep" indima Lope de Vega sika e Lawrence okuyinto ekahle sehlo. Umdlalo kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu, isixuku nomdlandla sivale umgwaqo futhi esikhundleni amahhashi ubeshayela ukuthutha wakhe endlini, bese wenza actress endlini ezandleni.

Lokho kwakuyisiqalo band ujabule emphilweni Marii Ermolovoy. Kuphinde kuvule inkathi entsha ku Maly Theatre - inkathi romance. Isipho sakhe 'lyrical isigcwaliseke ngokuphelele kwamaqhaza ezifana Ophelia, Desdemona, Esterel ku "Star waseSeville", Elizabeth e "Don Carlos."

Kodwa inkazimulo enkulu kunayo yonke yakwa-Marii Ermolovoy wenza izindima nezikulu okukhulu, bavula nge ukugcwala ithalente lakhe. Phaedra, Sappho, Lady Macbeth eyadlalwa actress ajabulela tetsamelilwati baxgeki. Embula ukuthi ungubani wakhe afike ekugcineni.

Ukuthinta idrama yesimanje

Ekupheleni 80s 90s kwekhulu le-19 Yermolov Maria uphendukela repertoire wesimanje, okuyinto akuzange kudingeke ugqozi bokubanga esivela impahla zakudala. Lapha kugcizelelwa izindikimba kwansuku zonke izinhlamvu enengqondo. facets okusha ithalente Yermolova wadalula kudlala ka bemidlalo Russian A. N. Ostrovskogo, uVladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, AI Sumbatov-Ugine, M. I. Chaykovskogo, A. S. Suvorina. It hhayi kuphela uzama yena ngendlela enhle, kodwa futhi libhekisela izinhlamvu ezimbi.

Iminyaka yokugcina career

Kusukela 1910s kuleyo career zochwepheshe actress ishintshile, repertoire yakhe evamile, akabe wayefuna ukudlala engasanyakazi ngenxa yobudala bakhe. UMariya Ermolova waphoqeleka ukuba ubheke izindima zomama abesifazane. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi, kwase kunezinto impumelelo lokudala, okuhlanganisa indima Queen noMarta Ostrovsky sika "Dmitry le Pretender futhi Vasily Shumsky" Mamelfy Dmitrievny ku "IMeya" A. K. Tolstogo, Fru Alving e Ibsen sika "sinciphile".

Ngo-1920, ngokumangalisayo ayegubha iminyaka engu-50 emsebenzini wakhe wokudala, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange esabela ke isihloko Umculi Yabantu WeRiphabhulikhi YaseNingizimu Afrika, kwaba actress wokuqala emlandweni ukuthola isiqu esinjalo. Uhulumeni waseSoviet 70s emkhunjini kwekhulu lama-20 umkhankaso "UMariya Ermolova", okwakunginika igama layo lonke ikilasi of umgibeli watercraft.

Ngo-1923, yena ngokusemthethweni eshiya esigabeni. Kodwa uyaqhubeka ukunikeza amakhonsathi njengoba reciter zezinkondlo, wahlangana nezethameli.

izindima engcono

Umlingisikazi Yermolov Maria Nikolaevna has a talent enamandla ebuhlungu ngoba ukuphila kwakhe komculo enkundleni ezingaphezu kuka izithombe 300. Kodwa main indima yagxekwa ngikubizé Joan of Arc e "Maid of Orleans" Schiller. Lokhu ukuwudlala iminyaka eminingi ukuba 'zikhande "kusukela ukucwaninga, futhi kuphela ngo-1884 nesigaba le bayithola imvume. Phakathi neminyaka engu-18 ezayo, umbukiso awuhambanga enkundleni, futhi Yermolov kuwo kuphela kwashesha. Phakathi izindima engcono futhi zihlanganisa: ". Winter sika Tale" Negin ku "Amakhono kanye abayithandayo" Ostrovsky, Kruchinina sokudlala sakhe "Guilty Ngaphandle Yecala" UMariya uStuart sokudlala Schiller sika, Phaedra Racine, Hermione e kaShakespeare

Marii Ermolovoy yaseshashalazini - isipiliyoni yaseshashalazini kanye diving. Yena komculo isimiso K. S. Stanislavskogo.

Inkazimulo actress namuhla eyaziwa kuphela abantu bangesikhathi sakhe, Marii Ermolovoy izithombe azibonisi konke engasenathonya wakhe imilingo futhi ukusebenza yakhe ifilimu awazange wathwebula. Nokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi umxhwele izilaleli ukujula amandla nakho, wakwazi ukuveza ukunyakaza ezicashile kakhulu umphefumulo nomoya.

yobumfihlo

Zonke ababephila ngesikhathi umangalele ukuthi ukuphila Yermolov kwakungu inesizotha kakhulu futhi engazenzi ophakeme, yena Akazange afune ukunethezeka, ngokudlula encane. Ngakho, kusukela imihlobiso kuso kwakungatholakala kuphela intambo ye amapharele wazibona, kusukela izingubo yena ayethanda ingubo emnyama engenalutho. Endlini kwaba imvelo olukhuni kakhulu, it is nje ehlotshiswe izimbali eyanikelwa izethameli.

Yermolov washada Nikolaya Shubinskogo ngisho esemncane ukuba uthando olukhulu, okuyinto kwashabalala ngokushesha, bafumana dissimilarity abalulekile izinhlamvu kanye nezimo zengqondo abantu abashadile. Kodwa uMariya Nikolaevna Ermolova esaphila waphila ne ndoda engathandwa yaba yindodakazi yakhe. Abaphila Besikhathi wathi kamuva inganqotshwa uthando olukhulu nge usosayensi ophilayo eYurophu. Yermolov kodwa akazange alinge ukuncibilikisa umshado.

Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuphila kwakhe eningi injabulo ilethwa umzukulu Nick naye wachitha isikhathi esiningi. 12 ku-Mashi 1928 wafa actress omkhulu Russian Yermolov Maria Nikolaevna.