Uyini imigqa yamandla kazibuthe omhlaba

Ngokungangabazeki, imigqa ensimini ka kazibuthe manje bazi konke. Okungenani esikoleni khombisa ukubonakaliswa yabo izifundo zesayensi yemvelo. Khumbula, njengoba uthisha ngaphansi ephepheni ibekwe uzibuthe unomphela (noma ezimbili, ngokuhlanganisa ua izigxobo zazo), futhi phezu kwalo wafafaza imvuthuluka yensimbi wenza ekuhloleni ukuqeqeshwa zabasebenzi? Kucacile ukuthi isizinda kwadingeka ukuthi zigcinwe ishidi, kodwa kwakungekho yinto engaziwayo - imigqa kuyofikwa ngokucacile kanye okuyinto zikleliswe sawdust. Qaphela - akalingani nemidwa. Lona imigqa yamandla kazibuthe omhlaba. Kunalokho, ukubonakaliswa yabo. Kwabe sekwenzekani futhi ngingabonisa kanjani ukuthi ngiyamazisa ukuchaza?

Asiqale ekude. Bekanye nathi emhlabeni wangempela ebonakalayo coexists uhlobo olukhethekile daba - magnetic field. Linikeza interface ezihambayo izinhlayiya aphansi noma imigwamanda emikhulu nokuba kagesi, noma yemvelo okwamanje la mandla kazibuthe. imihlola Electric kazibuthe kungukuthi kuphela oxhumene nomunye, kodwa ngokuvamile ukukhiqiza ngokwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngocingo lapho kagesi kudala kazibuthe azungeze uqobo umugqa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuchayeka kushintshana kazibuthe ku iluphu avaliwe conductive idala ukuhamba icala zenethiwekhi. Impahla yokugcina isetshenziswa generator ugesi bonkhe batsengi. Isibonelo esimangalisayo Amasimu kagesi - ukukhanya.

I imigqa yamandla kazibuthe omhlaba kuthiwa ijikelezwe emhlabeni umqhubi noma, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kuyiqiniso, libhekene isiqondiso kazibuthe lokungeniswa vector. Direction ujikeleza kunqunywa wesithupha. Icacisa umugqa - wesigodi, kusukela ensimini lenzelwa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izindawo. Into ukuthi kungenziwa imelelwa isibalo esingapheliyo imigqa, ezinye zazo abe ukushuba evelele. Yingakho abanye "imigqa" zibonakala ngokucacile ekuhlolweni nge uzibuthe kanye imvuthuluka. Yini kuthakazelisa, imigqa yamandla kazibuthe omhlaba ngeke uphazanyiswe, ngakho asikwazi ngokuqiniseka lapho iqala futhi lapho iphela.

Endabeni uzibuthe unomphela (electromagnet noma efana), kukhona njalo izigxobo ezimbili, babembiza omhlaba, eliseNyakatho. Wathi imigqa kuleli cala - ikhala kanye ovals, yokuxhuma kokubili izingongolo. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa sichazwa monopoles uxhumana, kodwa ke kukhona ukuphikisana, owawuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba kwahlukaniswe monopole. Okungukuthi, noma yimuphi umzamo uzibuthe division phambili ukuvela izingxenye eziningana okuguquguqukayo.

intshisekelo omkhulu kukhona izakhiwo imizila amandla. On ngokuqhubeka kakade sishilo, kodwa isithakazelo okusebenzayo nekhono ukudala e umqhubi amandla electromotive (EMF), umphumela lapho kuyinto kagesi. Okwakushiwo lokhu kanje: uma conductive wesifunda imigqa sawela by amandla magnetic field (noma uhamba umqhubi kazibuthe), ama-electron phezu orbit zangaphandle ama-athomu impahla ixhumana eneji olwengeziwe, bakwazi ukuthola uqale ukuhamba ezimele ohlangothini. Singasho ukuthi uma kazibuthe 'ukhahlela' izinhlayiya icala eseheleni crystal. Lesi senzakalo njengoba lokungeniswa kagesi aziwa futhi okwamanje indlela esiyinhloko ekukhiqizeni amandla eyinhloko kagesi. Kwatholakala Ucwaningo ngo-1831 yi-physics IsiZulu UMichael Faraday.

Ucwaningo kazibuthe kwaqala ngo 1269, lapho P. peregrine wathola nokuxhumana uzibuthe eyindilinga nge izinaliti steel. Eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu-300 kamuva UG Colchester wasikisela ukuthi imbulunga ngokwayo Idonsa omkhulu kokuba izigxobo ezimbili. uzibuthe imihlola eyaziwa ososayensi Eminye lotifundze ezifana Lorentz, uMaxwell, Ampere, njll Einstein.