Isakhiwo inyoni izimpaphe. izinhlobo izimpaphe

Izimpaphe - akusiwona nje umhlobiso izinyoni. Batinikela ukufudumala, ikhono fly, ukuthola pair e nenkathi yokukhwelana, inzalo dweba bese ufihle ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye izilwane. Cabangela izinhlobo izimpaphe izakhiwo zabo.

Kungani nezimpaphe?

Izimpaphe - uphawu esingokwemvelo kuphela isigaba wezinyoni. Kubalulekile ukunakekela izinyoni has imisebenzi eminingi. Kuvumela izimpaphe inyoni ukundiza, udala komzimba ovikelekile, futhi okubaluleke - sihlobene ebusweni ezamaphiko. Uphaphe ivikela umzimba isilwane sika ekulimaleni futhi ukulimala. Ngempumelelo amanzi stop umsebenzi - izimpaphe phezulu eduze nabanye futhi kuvimbele ogelezayo nokumanzisa ngamunye. Ingxenye engezansi izimpaphe nentaba, phansi izimpaphe phansi eduze okwakuthandelene, ukwakha ngaphezulu uhlobo airbag isikhumba, ivikela izinkukhu umzimba hypothermia.

I izimpaphe has lowehlukile wamakhasi nokuma kwawo, futhi liqukethe ulwazi hhayi kuphela kwi zilwane kodwa zivame ukuba ngokobulili inyoni izesekeli. Ukubukeka ineqhaza elikhulu ekuxhumaneni intraspecific futhi interspecific e.

Isakhiwo jikelele esibayeni

Izimpaphe ukhonza imisebenzi eminingi futhi zonke elementi eyodwa ke kungahluka ukubukeka. Okulandelayo sizobheka iziphi kwezimpaphe zezinyoni. Isakhiwo kanye nokusungulwa izimpaphe kuningi esifana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uya khona. Uphaphe owakhiwa yi-keratin amaprotheni. Kusukela impahla efanayo izinzipho zethu futhi izinwele.

Isakhiwo inyoni izimpaphe kanje: induku, quill, enameva, la ma-barbule, izingwegwe. Ngesisekelo ngepeni ngamunye - core emaphakathi. Yena ugcina quill eziyize, okuyinto aboshelwe isikhwama ngepeni etholakala esikhunjeni. Lesi sihloko ubonakele ezinsukwini lapho izimpaphe ihansi abangu olusetshenzisiwe ngenkathi kubhalwa. amathiphu yabo ochinyali, ukuthi ngensimbi.

Ingxenye engenhla ngepeni ku ngalo enameva, ngokuthi emgqonyeni. Ukuze isiqu i-engela 45 ° nokunwebeka zokwakheka filamentary enamathiselwe - enameva oda kuqala. Basuke etholakala ezicashile nakakhulu nentambo encane - la ma-barbule (obizwa nangokuthi Amagatsha oda yesibili).

On the la ma-barbule lamagatsha ngawo la ma-barbule banamathele nomunye futhi yakha vane aminyene futhi nokunwebeka elikwaziyo ukusingatha lesi simo esicindezelayo emoyeni lapho zindiza. Uma izingwegwe kuthiwa disengaged, inyoni usebenzisa uqhwaku ilungisa kubo. Mshini ngokuvamile kuqhathaniswa ne uziphu. La ma-barbule ezansi le vane akudingeki izingwegwe futhi bakha ingxenye feather.

izinhlobo izimpaphe

Ngokusho isakhiwo nemisebenzi kwezibaya zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana:

• nentaba;
• eziqondisa;
• primaries;
• phansi;
• fluff.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izimpaphe nibonakala kubonakale lilula e isakhiwo, iyinkimbinkimbi futhi yayala izakhiwo kanye yakhiwa izakhi eziningi ezincane. Isakhiwo ngepeni incike nemisebenzi eyenziwa.

nentaba izimpaphe

Lezi zimpaphe kangaka okuthiwa ngoba akha uhlaka of umzimba wale nyoni bese uyinika umumo ovikelekile. Ziyakwazi uhlobo main izimpaphe bayigubungele umzimba wonke. Ukwakheka nentaba feather yezinyoni lokhu: nengaphakathi kanzima, nokunwebeka futhi la ma-barbule kuxhumene. Lezi izimpaphe ezibekwe phezu komzimba akuyona iyunifomu, futhi imbricate, okuvumela ukuba amboze indawo enkulu emzimbeni. Basuke ilungiswe pteriliyah, ezindaweni ezithize kwesikhumba. Ukwakheka nentaba feather inyoni yakha fan Friend, okuyinto cishe aluphumeleli emoyeni.

Ukuqondisa futhi indiza izimpaphe

Tail izimpaphe ku nomsila we inyoni. Ziyakwazi eside futhi eqinile, anamekwe ithambo coccyx nokusiza ukushintsha isiqondiso indiza.

Flight izimpaphe okuhlala, akha indiza iphiko kanye zihloselwe ukunikeza indiza. Kutholwe emaphethelweni iphiko kanye inyoni inikeza edingekayo ephakamisa amandla, futhi ngemva kwayo. Ingxenye engezansi iphiko inyoni ihlanganisa eyodwa uhlobo nentaba izimpaphe - coverts.

Downy izimpaphe phansi

izimpaphe Down zitholakala endaweni ebusweni umzimba by nentaba. Isakhiwo downy feather inyoni has izici zayo siqu: induku mncane kakhulu, phezu la ma-barbule kungekho izingwegwe. Lezi izimpaphe ezithambile, Airy. Basuke etholakala phakathi phansi nentaba izimpaphe. Ukwakheka downy inyoni feather ivumela ukunikeza zihlale zifudumele.

Phu ukhumbuza feather ipeni, kodwa ngenduku sifushane. Izilevu futhi babe izingwegwe, soft futhi uvumelanise kude quill.

Ezinye izinhlobo izimpaphe

Kungaba isakhiwo kakhulu izimpaphe. Izinyoni, noma kunalokho yohlobo lwazo, abaningi, futhi ungaba izici zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye zinhlobo abe izimpaphe ngentambo-like. Ziyakwazi ukwakheka mncane kakhulu nge-stem eside futhi kuphela enameva embalwa ekupheleni. Ososayensi namanje abazi ukuthi yini ngempela umsebenzi wabo. Kucatshangwa izimpaphe filamentous basonta ukwaziswa okulethwa yizinzwa bese basize ekumiseni isikhundla primaries.

Isakhiwo izimpaphe (izinyoni ezinye izinhlobo), ezihlobene izinzwa, uhlale ethize. Ngokwesibonelo, bristles usebenze njengoba ebucayi nemisebenzi zokuzivikela abe core ezithambile kanye enameva ambalwa ngasesinqeni. Basuke etholakala ekhanda.

Kukhona zokuhlobisa izimpaphe - nentaba ukushintshwa. Sinenkosi ezihlukile kanye nemibala futhi asetshenziswa ukuze akhange izinsikazi. Isibonelo kungaba umsila icebile peacock sika.

Izinhlobo eziningi inyoni babe nezindlala ekhethekile ukukhiqiza imfihlo ukuthi izilwane ezigcotshwe yizimpaphe zayo. Lokhu kubenza bangaziniki kokuthola ezimanzi, kwenza kube nokunwebeka ngaphezulu. Kodwa kukhona izinyoni abangenalo nezindlala enjalo, futhi umsebenzi wayo wenziwa ama-powder feather. Kulokhu isakhiwo yenkukhu feather ilula - liqukethe emgqonyeni, okuyinto ahlahlele ukukhula futhi Liyashabalala ku izinhlayiya ezincane, ukwakha uhlobo powder, ezivikela feathering kusukela ogelezayo nokumanzisa futhi adhesion.

Kukhula ngepeni

Isakhiwo inyoni izimpaphe kungaba ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi eba lula. Njenganoma izinwele, izimpaphe sikhule kusukela follicle. feather ngasinye esisha ekuthuthukiseni ekuseni uku Umthambo induku vein, okuyinto uqinisa ekukhuleni kwayo. Isiqu ekuthuthukiseni feather quill ebumnyameni, ibizwa ngokuthi igazi. Ngemva kokuphothulwa ukukhula quill iba esobala, igazi ayisekho ageleza.

I abasafufusa feather yi-keratin evikelwe ikhava waxy. Ngezinye isigaba esithile ikhava ukuthuthukiswa isuswe inyoni ngesikhathi ngokuzicwala. Nelinye ngezinye izikhathi kathathu ngonyaka inyoni izimpaphe eshintsha ngokuphelele. izimpaphe Old fall out ngokwabo, indawo yabo esithathwayo amasha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi moult. izinyoni Iningi molt kancane kancane, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa nekhono fly. Nokho, kukhona izinhlobo yiyo yonke indiza Izimpaphe zawo futhi ayikwazi ukundiza. Ezinjalo njengoba amadada, ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi.

umbala

Isakhiwo inyoni izimpaphe futhi sithinta umbala waso. Ungakwazi bahlukanise izici ezithinta umbala esibayeni, kwaba ngamaqembu amabili: ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali. Izinto chemical zihlanganisa khona zombala ezahlukene izimpaphe. Linohromy ukunikeza lokuhlala ezihlukahlukene ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani futhi abomvu melanins - ensundu black.

I izici ezingokomzimba zihlanganisa kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona yokukhanya kumaseli of the esibayeni bese engela kwesifo. Ngakho iphendula ayebuthaka green, blue, nsomi kanye metallic.