Lo mkhuba wokuzilimaza lokungeniswa - umonakalo kanye nezinzuzo

I lokungeniswa eside kusho ukuvela kokuthi zamanje kagesi in the evaliwe wesifunda kagesi uma ibekwe endaweni ekushintsheni ecucuza kazibuthe. Vula lokungeniswa kagesi eminyakeni engaba kuphela ezingamakhulu amabili adlule ngu- UMichael Faraday. Nokho ngaphambi kokuba wenze Andre Ampere, owayengifundela Ekuhloleni okufanayo. It ufakwa induku ikhoyili metal bese, lokho amashwa, waya kwelinye ikamelo ukubheka galvanometer - futhi engazelele futhi kumbangela. Inalidi ukwenza kahle umsebenzi walo - kunqatshelwe, kodwa kuze Ampere azulazula amakamelo - emuva zero. Lena yindlela lo mkhuba ukulinda self-eyenga eminye iminyaka kweshumi kuze ikhoyili unit and umcwaningi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyoba endaweni efanele.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko kule experiment kwaba ukuthi lokungeniswa EMF kwenzeka kuphela uma kazibuthe edabula evaliwe iluphu izinguquko. Kodwa ungakwazi ukushintsha it njengoba uthanda - noma ushintshe ukubaluleka kazibuthe, noma umane ukuhambisa umthombo isihlobo ensimini ukuze wazi efanayo avaliwe. EMF okuyinto kuphakama lapha, ebizwa ngokuthi "EMF mutual." Kodwa lokho kwakuseyisiqalo nje yezinto emkhakheni lokungeniswa. isimanga nakakhulu lo mkhuba wokuzilimaza lokungeniswa, okuyinto wavulwa Dzhozef Genri cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ekuhloleni kwakhe, kwatholakala ukuthi amandla kazibuthe kwekhoyili akuyona kuphela ephumelela ukwenza zamanje kwenye ikhoyili, kodwa futhi lapho samanje ikhoyili eheha kulo EMF ezengeziwe. Lapha-ke nje ngokuthi EMF self-eyenga. I imihlola kagesi isithakazelo esikhulu isiqondiso zamanje. Kwavela ukuthi esimweni EMF self-eyenga wamanje yayo sibhekiswe "umzali" yayo - wamanje okubangelwa EMF main.

Futhi ungakwazi ukubona lo mkhuba wokuzilimaza lokungeniswa? Njengoba isisho sibonisa, akukho lula. Hlanganani ezimbili izifunda: owokuqala - inductor kuhlanganisiwe njalo futhi isibani, kanti eyesibili - kuphela isibani. Xhuma ukuba ibhethri nge inkinobho main. Uma inikwe amandla, ungabona ukuthi isibani phezu kwengungu ikhoyili uphendulela "ngokungathandi" futhi ukukhanya yesibili, ngokushesha "kuyanda", sivuleka kweso. Kwenzakalani? Kuzo zombili izifunda emva zamanje uqala ukugeleza, futhi kuhluka zero iphezulu kakhulu, futhi njengoba isikhathi soshintsho amanje nawesikhathi elikuli ikhoyili ukuthi edonsa amandla self-lokungeniswa electromotive. Kube EMF futhi somshini esivalekile - kusho ukuthi kukhona futhi wamanje yayo, kodwa iqondiswe ke okuphambene circuit main samanje, ekugcineni sifinyelela seqiwe kunqunywa nemingcele yesifunda, ayeke ezikhulayo, kanti uma kungekho shintsho wamanje - akukho EMF self-eyenga. Kulula. A inqubo efanayo, kodwa "uhluke", wathi uma uvala wamanje. Ngokuvumelana "umkhuba omubi" yayo ukumelana nanoma ushintsho lwamanje, EMF self-eyenga igcina flow yayo phezu kwengungu emva amandla kuvaliwe.

Ngokushesha kwaba khona umbuzo - yini lo mkhuba wokuzilimaza lokungeniswa? Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi i-self-lokungeniswa amandla electromotive kuthinta izinga loshintsho samanje umqhubi futhi zibhalwe kungaba:

E = L • di / DT

Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-self-lokungeniswa electromotive amandla E ngokuqondile wakhona ngesilinganiso ushintsho di / DT futhi wamanje ezilinganiselwe Coefficient L, lo inductance okukhulunywa. Ngegalelo lakhe ekutadisheni umbuzo, yini lo mkhuba wokuzilimaza lokungeniswa, Dzhordzh Genri wavuzwa yokuthi igama lakhe iyunithi yokukala inductance - Henry (H). Lokho inductance ukugeleza zamanje wesifunda inquma mkhuba wokuzilimaza lokungeniswa. Omunye Ungacabanga ukuthi lo inductance - uhlobo "Isitoreji" wamandla kazibuthe. Endabeni okwandisa samanje wesifunda amandla kagesi is ibe zamanje kazibuthe retards ukukhula, futhi lapho wamanje ikhoyili amandla kazibuthe iguqulwe ibe amandla kagesi futhi inakekele wamanje kulesi sifunda.

Mhlawumbe, wonke umuntu wayenemisebenzi yakhe ukubona inhlansi lapho uvala i-plug kusukela isokhethi emdulini - lena ifomu evamile ukubonakaliswa EMF self-eyenga empilweni yangempela. Kodwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ivula zamanje esiphezulu 10-20 A kanye nesikhathi kuvulwa msec-20. Lapho lo inductance ngu-1 GN EMF self-eyenga kulokhu kuyoba ulingana 500 W. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi umbuzo, yini lo mkhuba wokuzilimaza lokungeniswa akuyona eziyinkimbinkimbi kanjalo. Futhi eqinisweni, EMF self-eyenga kuyinselele enkulu lobuchwepheshe. Iphuzu eliyinhloko liwukuthi lapho i wesifunda evulekile lapho oxhumana azisatholakali, isekela ukugeleza zamanje self-inductance, okuholela evuthayo oxhumana nabo, ngoba e inqubo ukushintsha wesifunda ne Imisinga amakhulu ngisho nezinkulungwane amperes. Lapha ukhuluma ngani thina ngokuvamile ukuzilimaza eyenga EMF emashumini ezinkulungwane volts, futhi lokhu kudinga izixazululo ezengeziwe yezobuchwepheshe ezihlobene okhuphuka ezifundeni kagesi.

Kodwa akukhona konke okubi. Kwenzeka ukuthi lo EMF eziyingozi ewusizo kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, i-amandla omlilo yangaphakathi injini ukuthungela izinhlelo. uhlelo ezinjalo siqukethe i inductor ngesimo i autotransformer futhi chopper. It is badabula eyinhloko zamanje emazombezombe, okuyinto sicisha chopper. Ngenxa yalokho, i-wesifunda evulekile kwenzeka e-self-lokungeniswa EMF amakhulu volts (ibhethri unika bonke 12b). Khona-ke lo voltage kuyinto okwengeziwe siguqulwe, futhi ishayela okukhulu kuka-10 kV ngoba inhlansi ukuthungela.