Sodium oxide

Sodium yiwo atholakala ngobuningi ngokwemvelo futhi ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa metal alikhali ethebuleni gqwa ubambe indawo 11 (egcinwe eqenjini lokuqala, iqeqebana main kwesikhathi 3rd). Ngu basabela amafomu-mpilo peroxide Na2O2. Ingabe singasho ukuthi lokhu aphakeme oxide sodium? Kwangathi kungelokothe kube njalo, njengoba yalolu ketshezi ingeyona ekilasini oxides, futhi ifomula ayo kwesakhiwo okulotshwe kule fomu: Na-O-O-Na. ucingo Ephakeme ezifana oxides, lapho isici chemical elihlobene ne-oksijini, has ngezinga eliphezulu of namachibi. Sodium ine isimo namachibi eyodwa kuphela kwezintathu yalowo +1. Ngakho-ke, kulolu umqondo chemical isici "nitrous ephakeme" alikho nhlobo.

Sodium oxide kuyinto nemiyo wezinto ezingaphili, ama -formula yamangqamuzana ke Na2O. mass izinyo lomhlathi ilingana 61,9789 g / Mol. Ubuningi sodium oxide ilingana 2,27 g / cm³. Ngokubukeka kuba mhlophe okuqinile izidakamizwa nonflammable ukuthi liyancibilika ezingeni lokushisa 1132 ° C namathumba ezingeni lokushisa 1950 ° C futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukubola. Lapho ziyoncibilika emanzini, oxide iyaphendula ngamandla nalo, okuphumela ekwakhiweni sodium hydroxide, okumele ngokufanele ngokuthi hydroxide. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela kungenziwa esachazwa kwesibalo: Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH. Ingozi eyinhloko enkompolo chemical (Na2O) ukuthi usabela ngamandla ngamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela azakhele alikhali nolaka caustic.

sodium oxide ingalungiswa ngokubeka amalahle kwensimbi lokushisa ngenhla 180 ° C endaweni nge-oksijini okuqukethwe ongaphakeme: 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O. Kulokhu akunakwenzeka ukuthola oxide okuhlanzekile, njengoba umkhiqizo ukuphendula izoqukatha kufikela 20% peroxide kanye% 80 kuphela umkhiqizo oyifunayo. Kunezinye izindlela yokuthola Na2O. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokubeka amalahle ingxube we peroxide nge ngokweqile metal: Na2O2 + 2Na → 2Na2O. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nitrous ibhalwe ngu basabela sodium lensimbi hydroxide yayo: 2Na + NaOH → 2Na2O + H2 ↑, kanye ukusabela usawoti of oxide acid nge metal alikhali: 6Na + 2NaNO2 → 4Na2O + N2 ↑. Zonke zindlela zokusabela kwenzeke ngokweqile sodium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-amalahle alikhali carbonate nensimbi ukuze 851 ° C ingatholakala isikhutha kanye oxide metal by ezothando yokusabela: Na2CO3 → Na2O + CO2.

oxide sodium has a izakhiwo eziyisisekelo evelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usabela ngamandla ngamanzi, ibuye ngenkuthalo ubambisana acid kanye oxides ene-asidi. Ukusabela nge hydrochloric acid kwakheka usawoti namanzi: Na2O + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O. Futhi by ukusabela nge amakristalu kungekho nto enemibala emihle ka-silicon dioxide Kumiswa alikhali silicate metal: Na2O + SiO2 → Na2SiO3.

sodium oxide, njengoba oxide namanye metal alikhali - potassium ukubaluleka okukhulu esisebenzayo abuzange. Lokhu kwaziswa ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa njengendlela reagent, kuba ebalulekile ezimbonini (soda-lime) ingilazi kanye nama-liquid, kodwa hhayi ingxenye izibuko optical. Ngokuvamile, ingilazi zezimboni iqukethe mayelana 15% sodium hydroxide, 70% Silica (Silicon dioxide) no-9% lime (oxide -calcium). Carbonate Na okhonza njengesosha ecucuza ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lapho Silica liyancibilika. Soda ingilazi has a ukuncibilika lokushisa ngaphansana potassium-potassium-lime noma phambili. Kuyinto ezivamile, wasebenzisa womshini iwindi ingilazi namabhodlela izitsha (amabhodlela kanye amathini) uphuzo, ukudla kanye nezinye izimpahla. Glassware ngokuvamile eyenziwe omnene soda-lime-Silica ingilazi.

Soda-lime silicate ingilazi etholwe encibilika izinto zokusetshenziswa - carbonate Na, umcako, dolomite, Silicon dioxide (Silica), aluminium oxide (alumina) futhi inani elincane ejenti (isib Na sulfate, ammonium chloride, Na) - esithandweni ukuncibilika okushisa afinyelela ku-1675 ° C. amabhodlela Green noma brown okulungiselelwe izinto zokusetshenziswa equkethe yensimbi oxide. Inani magnesium oxide kanye sodium oxide kule esitsheni ingilazi ngemuva ingilazi, esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa amafasitela.