Vines. Indlela ukutshala umvini? ungumvini kanjani?

Omunye izitshalo ozithandayo kakhulu, kokubili ochwepheshe kanye balimi amateur, ngoba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, uhlala amagilebhisi. Kuyathakazelisa abantu hhayi kuphela ukunambitheka kwalo okumangalisayo, ikhono ukwakha iwayini engcono, kodwa futhi ephulukisa izakhiwo.

Isintu yasungulwa ngezindlela eziningi ukusebenzisa umvini: basketry, ifenisha, isitsha sezimbali, uthango imifanekiso engadini, nokuningi.

Kufanekisa emvinini

Zonke izizwe onokholo ayo lesiko, egcwele imivini incazelo ehlukile. Kwabanye, kuyisibonakaliso wenzalo, ugqozi, ukwazi, ukuphila, abanye - uphawu lokuhaha, ukukhohlisa okukhohlisa, wesithathu ukunikezela wakhe befa onkulunkulu.

umvini kubonakala wathola ubuKristu. Ngokusho le nkolelo, Kristu lifanekisela umvini omkhulu, futhi bonke abalandeli bakhe iyefana amagatsha lamagilebhisi. Ukufana efanayo okholweni ligcinwe phakathi kwesonto amakholwa yayo.

YobuKatolika yamagilebhisi iwayini lifanekisela egazini likaKristu, lihlotshaniswa naleli wenhlanganyelo imfihlakalo, okhombisa Fusion ezingokomoya noNkulunkulu.

Kodwa kuye kwaba nezenzakalo emlandweni lapho iwayini kwakungavunyelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, AmaSulumane akholelwa lolu phawu isiphuzo yesono somuntu.

It ithole indawo yayo emvinini, futhi amajazi izikhali yamazwe amaningi, ngubani amatasa winemaking: Turkmenistan, Georgia ne Moldova.

Isakhiwo umvini

Nokho, akunakusetshenziswa akufanele sidebeselele yokuthi kungesemehlweni isakhiwo emvinini akunakwenzeka ukuba zikhule, amagilebhisi enempilo amnandi.

Ukuze kutholwe isivuno esihle kufanele bacabangele ukuthi amagilebhisi kumelwe kusekelwe, ngoba libhekisela izitshalo Liana nge amagatsha ezikhulayo irregularly.

Vines kungenziwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili:

1. Komhlaba ingxenye. Siqukethe 2 izinhlobo izimpande. Ekukhiqizeni imbewu imibungu kwakhiwa emgogodleni lokuqala elibalulekile phakathi dilution vegetative - izimpande adventitious. izimpande Young kakhulu ebucayi yokuntuleka umswakama, futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba ukhokho izicubu neziqu embozwe sokuvikelwa ukuphi.
2. Okungenhla-phansi ingxenye. It likhula ngokushesha futhi kudinga Ukusincwela saziso. Siqukethe izithelo nemivini amafindo izisusi ukuthi ahlinzeke futhi fruiting. Igatsha likaNobhala ngonyaka wokuphila wesibili, embozwe ugodo phansi namaqabunga oluhlaza kanye isiqu esincane sesihlahla. Inflorescence imbali akhiwa phezu isitshalo entwasahlobo.

Esikhathini axils amaqabunga babe ezintathu izinhlobo izinso:

• Ubusika.
• Pasynkova.
• efihlekile ithule, okuyinto zitholakala empandeni emvinini.

kabusha amagilebhisi

Phakathi ukuphindwaphindwa yamagilebhisi izinhlobo wasebenzisa izindlela eziningana, kuye ngokuthi isimo sezulu, izinhlobo kanye zizalela umgomo.

1. Imbewu esiphelweni. Uma ingakwenzi lokho okubili izinga umvini umzali, kuphumele ushintsho zangaphandle kanye ukunambitheka. Fruiting kwenzeka kuphela eminyakeni embalwa. Ngokuvamile le ndlela yokuzala esetshenziswa abalimi ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha zalesi sihlahla noma ukwenza ezinye izimfanelo ezidingekayo futhi izici.
2. Kuxhunyelelwa indlela. A kuwusizo kakhudlwana for balimi, ivumela okusakazwa imivini ngaphansi lokushisa ongaphakeme futhi okokuqandisa inhlabathi. Eyesibili igama indlela - luthela. Ukuze nokuqaliswa kwalo idinga Scion we isilimo nesiqu imivini inezimbali uhlelo oluhle izimpande. Ngaphambi ukuxhumelela le Scion emanzini ngoba 4-5 amahora vymochki.
3. Lokusakaza by cuttings. Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, kuye yokukhula:

• ezikhulayo cuttings ebusika, ukusika phezulu imivini in ekwindla;
• imivini abaqeqeshiwe entwasahlobo watshala ekhanyayo.

Ukulungiselela we cuttings ku izinkomishi

Thina balimi bavame ukusebenzisa indlela kulungiselelwa izithombo in izinkomishi. Leli cebo ezikhulayo Kulula kakhulu futhi akakubangeli nobunzima ngisho kulabo ukukwenza okokuqala.

Ukuze ziqhume imivini e izinkomishi, uzodinga: 2 izinkomishi uphawu ezahlukene, umhlaba, umfula isihlabathi kanye leaf humus.

Ngo ingilazi kusengaphambili emikhulu kufezeke ezansi izimbobo ugcwele 2cm leaf humus umquba. I ingilazi usayizi ezincane (kusuka phansi QUNTA) ibekwe ngaphakathi esikhulu, ligcwele emfuleni isihlabathi, futhi emhlabeni - umhlaba. Ngemva kwalokho, ingilazi encane is bahlanza phakathi kwesihlabathi emfuleni iyona ushona 4 cm, okuyinto ibekwa insalela umvini. Zonke isikhala phezulu ingilazi ezinkulu ezigcwele isihlabathi, amanzi amaningi. Lihluma batshala umvini entwasahlobo.

izithombo ezikhulayo amabhodlela

Ukuze ukutshala imivini egabheni kumelwe unqunywe kusuka entanyeni bomkhumbi futhi wenze izimbobo phansi. Okokuqala, kwakha ungqimba amanzi, it is wathela 6-7 spoonfuls inhlabathi ukuxubana, obliquely ibekwe ngemva ahlabayo, bese kuya phezulu ibhodlela steamed ezazigxishwe sawdust. Ukuze amahlamvu abasha qinani umswakama, phezulu isitshalo embozwe inkomishi plastic.

Ukunisela kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza ngokusebenzisa Pallet.

Cuttings zilungele ukwehla lapho izimpande abasha emvinini izobonwa ezindongeni ibhodlela.

imithetho zokutshala

Ngemva yimpumelelo izithombo ezikhulayo kudingeka sibone ukuthi ukutshala imivini. Le nqubo idinga isikhathi ukuqeqeshwa eside, okuhlanganisa ukukhetha indawo nenhlabathi ngokwayo kanye nenqubo ukutshala ngqo.

Territory yokutshala ekwindla kufanele umbe ngokucophelela futhi zalisa. Umhlabathi phezu akufanele kube phezu-hydrated usawoti. Inketho engcono kubhekwe mhlabathi omnyama noma loam. Iphinde kufanele sinake ukukhanyisa kwesigaba, ngoba ukuntuleka ukukhanya kuzoholela Ukuwohloka izimfanelo ukunambitheka lamagilebhisi.

Impumelelo uzobe ukutshala imivini entwasahlobo, lapho frost selidlulile. izithombo Young ezibekwe imigodi, ngenkathi, luwathathe aphume iziqukathi, kufanele azame ilimaze izimpande obucayi. Semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla nge Peat waphuzisa njalo zonke izinsuku ezingu-2-3.

Izinyathelo imivini ukwakha

Ngaphambi kokudala ehlathini kufanele ukulungiselela trellis. Kufanele iqondiswe kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho futhi aqukethe ukwesekwa kanye ukushuba wire 3 mm. Ezisekelweni kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, metal, izinkuni noma ukhonkolo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukubeka at ibanga 3-4 amamitha komunye nomunye, futhi ukuphakama yabo akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-2.5 m. The wire is wadonsa yonke cm 50.

Mayelana sokuvuna amagilebhisi uqala kuphela onyakeni wesithathu emva betshala umvini kumiswa uya ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Izimila yokuqala. Phakathi nenkathi yakhe kufanele lukhule yokuphunyuka ezimbili evuthiwe. amagatsha okungenasidingo kumelwe kususwe lapho efinyelela 2-5 cm ubude, kungenjalo ehlathini kuyoba abakhiqizi futhi sikhathele siyingcuba. Ngo kwentwasahlobo, amahlumela zibambene bentambo, kodwa eduze maphakathi ukwenza izihlahla kokushiya 3 efihlekile ku egatsheni ngalinye. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka ebusika isitshalo ukufukamela zehena, sawdust noma Peat ukuvimbela okokuqandisa, bese ifilimu okudambisa isihlahla kusuka umswakama ngokweqile.
2. Eyesibili kwezimila. Umsebenzi oyinhloko lesi sinyathelo - kumiswa amahlumela 4 ontando ukujiya iwukuba wawela bentambo yokuqala kufanele sifinyelele 7-8 mm. Kulezi amahlumela uzoqhubeka zimiswe emikhonweni ehlathini.
3. izimila Okwesithathu. Ngamunye sleeves 4 ezakhiwe imivini ezimbili. Kubalulekile kulesigaba ukulawula fruiting lokuqala, kusale 1 kuphela kweqembu 1-2 yokuphunyuka.
4. izimila Okwesine. Phakathi nenkathi yakhe ithola ukubukeka ehlathini okwenyanga. Kuyadingeka ukuba afeze ukususwa amahlumela engadingekile futhi garter green, kanye nokulawula fruiting. Isibalo ezithelo ngayinye 1 Escape kufanele kube khona abangaphezu kuka-isivuno sokuqala.

Ukwahluleka okuthobela nanoma kuzoholela ezikhulayo okunye yokufikelwa ehlathini futhi fruiting abampofu.

Amandla okwelapha yamagilebhisi imivini

Izizathu imivini ezikhulayo, ngenxa nje kuphela ukunambitha izithelo ngokwabo.

Ukutshala amagilebhisi ndoda yaqala esikhathini Stone Age, njengoba izingxenye zalo eziyingqayizivele ngiziqhayise zonke ingxenye yaleli isitshalo:

• Ikhasi izithelo elicwile emakhilayoni, amafutha abalulekile, kanye ezihlukahlukene nodayi.
• Amajikijolo aqukethe amaprotheni, i-cellulose, hemicellulose, citric, tartaric futhi malic acid.
• Isithelo ezinothe ngamavithamini kanye namaqembu acid folic B, C no P.
• imbewu Igilebhisi e isakhiwo sibe okunamafutha amafutha, lecithin, vanillin, ngisho acetic acid.

Ukwelashwa amagilebhisi uthola igama layo - Ampelotherapy. It is wafakazela ukuthi kuba nemiphumela emihle ikhanda, migraines, kuyasiza ukuqeda sohudo ukulwa nomdlavuza.

Kodwa, ngeshwa, hhayi wonke umuntu awabonisi nje ukwelashwa, kodwa futhi ukungenisa jikelele lezi amajikijolo.

umvini beluka

Abantu kokuba ukubekezela ngokwanele, umvini kungaletha inzuzo enkulu, noma umane ube umdlalo ezithakazelisayo.

Indaba yokuqala isintu saqala usetshenziselwe ukwelukwa, kwaba umvini. Ngo womshini izinto ezihlukahlukene kuwo, sibonga unenkululeko ezinhle futhi kuyaqina amagatsha, kungenzeka yini ukuba afeze pre-ekwelapheni into.

Imikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu emvinini steel kubhasikidi. amagatsha omvini ziyahlukahluka ngombala umbala - brown grey futhi amagilebhisi asendle, ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi ine isakhiwo ezithakazelisayo ukunika umkhiqizo esiyingqayizivele.