UVictoria uyilwandle elikhulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika

Abaningi bethu esivumelwaneni esithi "Shayela inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika" ngokuzethemba uzokuthi lokhu yiVictoria. Ukuba ngumthombo woMfula iNayile, uhlanganisa okwesibili emhlabeni ngobukhulu phakathi kwawo wonke amachibi amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngokusho kolwazi olusemthethweni, lwatholakala ngumNgisi D. Khuluma ngo-1858. Leli gumbi lalibizwa ngokuthi "amanzi amakhulu" yizakhamuzi zendawo. Nokho, iphayona laqanjwa ngokuthi uVictoria - igama leNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi.

Phakathi kwabaningi ososayensi isikhathi eside kwaba khona impikiswano mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izidumbu zamanzi iVictoria. Ngokwezinye, lokhu yilo olwandle lwangaphakathi, kodwa abanye bathi leli libi elikhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, iqiniso lokuthi echibini ligcwele amanzi ahlanzekile enza bonke bahlangane ngokukhethwa kwesibili.

Indawo

Ichibi elikhulu kunazo zonke kuleli zwekazi (i-Afrika) lisenhliziyweni yalo. Indawo eyonke yenqolobane ingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-68 000 square. Kule nkomba, idlula ngisho nolwandle (isibonelo, i-Azov ne-Aral Sea). Ichibi likhona ngesikhathi esisodwa ezindaweni ezintathu: Kenya, Uganda naseTanzania. Kubo yisikhungo sokuhweba, ukuthumela nokudoba.

Ukujula kwesilinganiso sechibi ngamamitha angu-80. Ngokuphathelene nendawo endaweni ephakeme cishe ngo-1134 m ngaphezu kwezilwandle, kungokwesigaba sezintaba eziphakeme. Ukushisa kwamanzi waminyaka yonke kunama-+22 degrees.

Uhlaka

Ichibi elikhulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika sisesimweni se-oval engavamile. Ubukhulu bayo ngobude nobubanzi bangama-350x200 amakhilomitha, ngokulandelana. Cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwesifunda eseningizimu-esentshonalanga, ulwandle ludaka futhi luphansi. Kunama-capes amaningi, ama-bays, ama-coves ngisho nama-peninsula.

Engxenyeni yechibi kukhona neziqhingi eziningi zobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Phakathi kwamakhulu kunazo zonke kungaphawulwa uMansome, Ukereu, Kom neRvvondo. Abacwaningi bamanzi, kanye nabavubukuli bathole ubufakazi bokuthi eminyakeni eyizigidi eziningana edlule indawo yayo yayinkulu kakhulu.

Isimo sezulu

Ngesikhathi sonke sekhona echibini, isimo sezulu esikhethekile sakhiwe ogwini lwayo, ngaphansi kwezimo lapho umswakama ophezulu uhlanganisa ukushisa okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndawo ibonakala ngamapulazi ashisa kakhulu kanye nezikhathi ezinde zesomiso. Ichibi elikhulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika lihlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi akukho ukuhlukaniswa okucacile phakathi nezinkathi zendawo ensimini yayo. Ukushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka kunqunywe yi-parameter enjalo njengenani lemvula. Ikakhulukazi, ebusika isibalo esincane saso siwa, kanti ehlobo - ngokuphambene nalokho.

Izinyanga zamanzi ziyi-Ephreli noMeyi. Izinga lechibi ngalesi sikhathi linganyuswa ngamamitha ayizi-600. Ukushisa kwemoya akusho neze ukwehla ngaphansi kwezimpawu ku-+25 degrees. Imiqondo enjengeziqhwa neqhwa aziwa izakhamuzi zendawo nhlobo.

Ichibi elikhulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika liphakanyiswa izinqubo ze-tectonic nezintaba-mlilo kunalokho ziphezulu, ngakho-ke kukhona yonke imimoya evezwekazikazi. Abakwazi ukuvikela ngisho nemithambeka yezintaba ngamaphasi. Manje i-reservoir ingenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yeziphepho, iziphepho ezinamandla neziphepho. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo, amanzi amaningi aphuphuma (cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-93 ngonyaka). Naphezu kwalokhu, ichibi elingajulile lingaze lenzeke. Ososayensi bachaza lokhu ngendalo engavamile yomjikelezo wamanzi.

I-flora nezilwane

Izimila zezitshalo nezilwane ezizungeze i-reservoir zifana nalabo abasezweni lonke. Emagqumeni phakathi kwezitshalo ngokuvamile kuvela izintende zezitshalo, izinhlanga, umhlanga kanye ne-papyrus. Izakhamuzi eziningi zikhula ikhofi kanye nesikhumba. Ichibi elikhulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika yindawo yokuhlala yezingwenya namavubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zezinhlanzi zitholakala emgodini. Kukhona abanye phakathi kwabo abahlala kuphela lapha.

Izinyoni ezihlala endaweni egugu kufanele zikhulunywe ngokukhethekile. Imfuyo yabo ibala izigidi zabantu, ngakho-ke le ndawo lapha ivame ukudwetshwa kuyo yonke imibala yobuningi. Okuvamile kakhulu yi-crane yaseVenetian, i-flamingo nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane.

Inkinga enkulu echibini

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, imvelo yendawo yakuthola ekupheleni kokubhujiswa okuphelele. Inani lezinhlobo ezisengozi zezitshalo nezilwane zaqala ukwanda. Isibonelo esivelele salokhu yi-rhinoceroses, eqothulwa kakhulu ngabazingeli ukuze bathole izimpondo eziwusizo ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwemithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phezu kwamashumi ambalwa ambalwa adlule lapha, inani lezingwe, izindlovu, imilayi, izingonyama kanye ne-hippopotami sehlile izikhathi eziningana.

Amadolobha amakhulu namachibi ogwini

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ichibi elikhulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika lisensimini yamazwe amathathu. Ngamunye wabo unezindawo zokuhweba zayo kanye namadolobha amakhulu ogwini lwawo. Ikakhulukazi, eTanzania, lokhu yiMwanza. Kungenxa yale dolobha-dolobha ukuthi isimo seminyango ebalulekile senza ukuhweba. Okuseduze kungenye yezimali ezinkulu zedayimane negolide e- East Africa , okuthengiswa kwezingxenye zezingxenye zebhayingali yezwe.

Egwini elisenyakatho, ichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke liyi-Entebbe (Uganda), ekhonza njengendawo yokudlulisela phambili. Iqiniso liwukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ehanjiswe lapha echibini idluliselwa enhloko-dolobha yezwe ngomgwaqo. Ngokuqondene neKenya, idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eLake Victoria yiKissima. Cishe zonke imikhiqizo ezivela ezimbonini zezimboni zezwe zingeniswa kuwo, emva kwalokho zithunyelwa lapho ziya khona.