Usuku lomnikeli eRussia nasemhlabeni jikelele. Bawugubha nini usuku lomnikeli?

Namuhla sizokutshela mayelana nosuku lomnikeli lapho futhi kugujwa khona eRussia Federation nasemhlabeni wonke. Futhi kusukela kulesi sihloko uzokwazi ukuthi kufakwe kuphi nokuthi ubani ozinikezele.

Ukwaziswa okujwayelekile mayelana nosuku lokunikela

Usuku lomnikelo wegazi lungenye yeholide yamaholide, okungesiyo kuphela kuzwelonke kodwa futhi nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokusho kwabasunguli, lo mcimbi ngokuyinhloko unikezelwe kubanikeli ngokwabo. Ngosuku olunjalo, siyakuhalalisela futhi sibonga abantu abanikeze isikhathi eside noma baphathwe igazi ukuze basindise izimpilo noma bavikele impilo yeziguli ezingajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli holide lizinikezelwa odokotela abathatha isampuli segazi, kanye nabanye abasebenzi bezokwelapha abahlakulela zonke izinhlobo zezindlela, bahlole ngokucophelela ukwaziswa okunikezwayo, baqaphe ukusebenza kwemishini kanye nempilo yokuhlanza kwezikhungo zokumpontshelwa igazi.

Usuku lomnikeli eRussia

Njalo ngonyaka ngo-Ephreli 20, iRussia Federation igubha enye yamaholidi ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini. Igama layo lizwakala njengeNsuku kaZwelonke yomnikeli.

Ngokungaziwa, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu, kungani le namba ikhethiwe kuleli holide? Njengoba wazi, isenzakalo sokusungulwa kwakhe kwakuyisenzakalo esithandekayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngo-1832, ngo-Ephreli 20, isazi sezinsizwa esincane esivela eSt. Petersburg, iWolf Andrey Martynovich, okokuqala senza ukumpompela kwegazi komunye wabesifazane abaqhamukayo abanegazi elimnyama. Ngenxa yomsebenzi owaziwayo nodokotela, impilo yowesifazane igcinwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umnikeli wegazi osetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokusebenza wayengumyeni wesiguli.

Ezinye izibalo mayelana nomnikelo wegazi

Usuku lokunikela lusekelwe ngesizathu. Njalo ngonyaka ezweni lethu abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi nesigamu basesidingo esikhulu sokumpompela igazi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kudingeke ukuthi kube ngu-200 amalitha okunikela ngezinto ezidingekayo nsuku zonke enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia. Ngendlela, ngaphezu kwezingu-35% zegazi lokumpontshelwa eMoscow nasesifundazweni saseMoscow livela kwezinye izifunda zezwe lethu.

Ngokusho kwezibalo, kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, isidingo esiphuthumayo sokunikela ngegazi siye sanda izikhathi eziningana. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kulezi zimo eziphuthumayo ezivela ngokungafani (kuvela amaphekula, izinhlekelele ezenziwa ngabantu, ukuzamazama komhlaba, njll). Lesi simo kuleli zwe sasiqondiswa ukuthi inani labaxhasi liye landa kakhulu (izikhathi ezingaba ngu-17).

Kungani ngidinga igazi le-donor?

Usuku lomnikeli lwasungulwa hhayi nje ukubonga abaxhasi be - Honorary eRussia nalabo abaphatha ngokuqondile ukwaziswa, kodwa futhi ukukhumbuza abantu ukuthi iziguli zabo zidinga kangakanani igazi.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi kungani ukunikezwa kuyadingeka nhlobo. Iqiniso liwukuthi igazi kanye nezingxenye zalo ziyadingeka, okokuqala, ezigulini ezinezifo ezinzima ze-oncohematological. Ngandlela-thile, phakathi kweziguli ezinjalo kunepesenti enkulu kakhulu yezingane ezincane nangaphezulu.

Okwesibili, igazi lokuzinikela liyadingeka kakhulu kulabo bantu abasengozini enkulu yemoto.

Okwesibili, lokho kudingekile kakhulu kwabesifazane emva kokubeletha kanye neziguli ezikhethekile, ezihambisana nengozi enkulu empilweni nasezempilo.

Zikhona yini izimpahla zegazi? Sithola ndawonye

Usuku lokwazisa lwasungulwa emva kwezenzakalo eziningana ezimbi. Phela, ukuqhuma emgwaqweni, ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula eziteshini zezindiza kanye nokuphahlazeka kwamabhanoyi kubonise ukuthi inani elikhulu leziguli egazini lidinga ukungena esimweni esinzima. Njengomkhuba wokubonisa, kunabaningi abanesihawu nalabo abafuna ukusiza izisulu ezweni lethu.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo eRussia, kukhona ukuhlinzekwa kwegazi lomnikelo. Lesi yisitokisi segazi elibomvu, elisefomu elifriziwe kakhulu. Inani lezinyathelo zesisindo lingamayunithi angama-3500-5000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezikhungweni ezikhethekile, cishe amathani angu-35 ama-plasma acwebeziwe afriziwe.

Izici zeholidi kazwelonke

Izenzakalo ezinikezwe iNational National of donor zigcinwe ngokomthetho kuzo zonke izifundo zaseRussia ngo-Ephreli 20. Kulolu suku, kuphakanyiswa imibuzo mayelana nezinkinga zomnikelo eRussian Federation, futhi kukhona ukushintshaniswa kwesipiliyoni.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkinga ebaluleke kunazo zonke namuhla ukuncipha okubonakalayo kwinani labaxhasi. Yingakho phakathi neminyaka embalwa edlule zonke izinhlobo zezenzo ziye zaqhutshwa, ezisiza ukuvuselela ukunyakaza kwabahlinzeki eRussia. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwe-federal ngokuthuthukiswa kwenkonzo yegazi luye lwasungulwa.

Umthetho wokunikela

Ngomhla ka-2013, ngoJanuwari 21, umthetho "Ngomnikelo wegazi nezinsimbi zawo" waqala ukusebenza. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukuxhaswa ngegazi okukhuthazwayo kukhuthazwa eRussian Federation. Umvuzo wukuthi amavolontiya anikezwa ithuba lokudla kwasemini mahhala. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yamaqembu egazi alula, imali isalondolozwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMnyango wezeMpilo wakhipha umyalelo ovumela isakhamuzi esithumela impahla yakhe ukubhala isicelo futhi sithole imali esikhundleni sokudla okushisayo.

Ngendlela, ngokuya komthetho ofanayo, uhlu lwezinzuzo, olwaluhlinzekwe ngaphambili kwabanikeli, lancishisiwe. Noma kunjalo, lezo zinguquko azizange zithinte amavolontiya ahloniphekile.

Bangobani Abahlonishwa Abahloniphekile be-Russian Federation?

Abaxhasi abahloniphekile ezweni lethu yibo bantu abaphila ngegazi labo kanye nezingxenye zawo okungenani izikhathi ezingama-40 noma okungenani izikhathi ezingu-60 zanikelwa nge-plasma.

Ngaphandle kwe-Badge evamile yeHlonipho, lawo mavolontiya akhuthazwa ukuba athathe iholide yonyaka ngesikhathi esifanele kubo (ngokusho kwe-TCRF), ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngaphandle kwezikhungo zombuso kanye nelungelo lokuthenga izaphulelo kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlaselwa yaseRashiya endaweni yokufunda noma emsebenzini.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkokhelo zonyaka ezihloselwe abanikazi bezinkokhelo ziye zanda cishe izikhathi eziyi-1.5. Manje le mali cishe ama-ruble angu-9959 aseRussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkokhelo zezinkokhelo zizokhokhwa njalo ngonyaka ngokusho kwamanani emali.

Usuku Lomhlaba Wokunikela

Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, usuku lwababanikeli akusizwe nje kuphela kepha luphinde lube ngamazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho-ke, ngoMeyi 2005, phakathi neMhlangano wezeMpilo ka-58, owawuseGeneva, usuku lweholide lomphakathi lwavunyelwa ngo-14 Juni. Usuku lomnikelo lugujwa emhlabeni jikelele ngalesi sikhathi. Le nombolo yakhethwa ngesizathu, ngoba kwakuyilolu suku ngo-1868 ukuthi i-Austrian immunologist nodokotela uKarl Landsteiner bazalwa. Ngo-1930, wathola umklomelo weNobel ngokuthola okubalulekile njengencazelo yamacembu egazi labantu .

Izici zeholide yamazwe ngamazwe

Kanye nozwelonke, usuku lomhlaba jikelele lomnikeli luphawuleka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, njalo ngonyaka ka-Juni 14, izigidi zabantu zihlangana ndawonye ukuze zenze imisebenzi ekhuthaza abantu bezwe ukuba basizane ngezimo ezinzima.

Kuzo zonke imizi ezinkulu nezincane zeRussia Federation kanye nezwe, izingcingo zokunyathelisa, izenzo kanye nemibukiso, lapho abasebenzi bezokwelapha, abaxhasi abahloniphekile, abameleli bakahulumeni (umphakathi) kanye nabezindaba bathatha ingxenye esebenzayo. Njengomthetho, imisebenzi enjalo ihlose ukuqokomisa izinkinga ezikhona nemisebenzi yomnikelo. Phakathi nezinkomfa zokunyathelisa kanye neminye imihlangano, kunqunywa ukuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani imisebenzi yezikhungo zokulethwa kwezidingo, kanye nendlela yokukhuthaza abantu ukuba banikele ngegazi.

Kumele kuqatshelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi ngalolu suku, iziteshi zezokwelapha kanye nezikhungo zokumpompela igazi zivulekile kubo bonke abafika. Njengoba izibalo zibonisa, ngoJuni 14, amaphuzu okulethwa kwempahla ayamukela inamba engavamile yamavolontiya. Ngamunye wabo uzama ukufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni abanikeli emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yabantu abanjalo, izigidi zabantu zigcinwa njalo ngonyaka.