I2C incazelo kubonwa Russian

Izinto zesimanje zasendlini, electronics ezimbonini kanye imishini ehlukahlukene ezokuxhumana zingatholakala kaningi izixazululo efanayo, kodwa umkhiqizo kungenziwa cishe axhumene. Ngokwesibonelo, cishe zonke uhlelo kuhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• ezithile "smart" control unit, okuyinto kunenzuzo ezimweni eziningi simele olulodwa crystal microcomputer;
• jikelele injongo amayunithi efana LCD sesikhashana, RAM, I / O izimbobo, EEPROM noma ezikhethekile idatha converters;
• izingxenye ezithile, kuhlanganise digital wesifunda ukumisa kanye uswidi amasignali isiqophi nomsakazo.

Indlela nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo?

Ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kakhulu salezi zixazululo jikelele for abaklami inzuzo nabakhiqizi ngokwabo, kanye ukwandisa izinga jikelele ukusebenza apharathasi ehlukahlukene yokuncishiswa wesifunda ISIZINDA esetshenziswa, inkampani Philips ebekwe ukuthuthukisa silula ezimbili wire ibhasi bidirectional enikezela ukuyedlula ukulawula mezhmikroskhemnoe. Lokhu ibhasi ihlinzeka ukudluliswa kwedatha nge esibonakalayo I2C.

Kuze kube manje uhla ecacisiwe ngumkhiqizi kuhlanganisa CMOS ezingaphezu kuka-150 kanye namadivayisi okuguquguqukayo ukuthi kukhona iyahambisana I2C futhi senzelwe ngokuziphatha umsebenzi kunoma yiziphi izigaba ababalulwe lapha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-interface I2C ekuqaleni afakwa wonke amadivayisi, ngenxa okuyinto abangakwenza ngaphandle nobunzima ukuxhumana nomunye usebenzisa ibhasi ekhethekile. Through isicelo sale isixazululo design ocime ukuxazulula eziningana impela izinkinga yokuhlanganisa imishini ehlukahlukene okungukuthi ngempela nobuntu kwenkululeko nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo digital.

Izinzuzo main

Ngisho noma ubheka incazelo emfushane UART,-SPI, I2C, ungagqamisa izinzuzo ezilandelayo incwadi:

• Ukuze umsebenzi udinga imigqa emibili kuphela - ukuvumelanisa nedatha. Iyiphi idivayisi ixhunywe ibhasi, ungakwazi kamuva kubhekwane nakho ngokuthola isofthiwe ngokuphelele ikheli elihlukile. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kukhona ubuhlobo elula, okuvumela umsebenzi ehola njengoba master-master Lidlulisela noma umamukeli.
• Lokhu ibhasi inikeza ikhono babe Sebawoti amaningi, ukuhlinzeka wonke amathuluzi adingekayo ukuze ukushayisana ukuthola kanye ukulamula umbango, kusiza ukuvimbela idatha inkohlakalo uma kwenzeka ukuthi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu phezulu uqala kanyekanye adlulisele ulwazi. Kwimodi ejwayelekile inikeza kuphela ezilandelanayo ayisishiyagalombili-bit ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesilinganiso esingamaphesenti angu-100 kbit / s, futhi ikumodi okusheshayo, embundwini kungase kukhule kane.
• I chips sebenzisa ezikhethekile esakhelwe ukuhlunga ngempumelelo suppresses spikes futhi kuqinisekisa esiphezulu idatha ubuqotho.
• Umkhawulo inombolo kungenzeka chips ukuthi singasetshenziswa exhunywe omunye ibhasi kukhawulwe kuphela umthamo waso omkhulu okungenzeka 400 PF.

Izinzuzo nabaqambi

I2C esibonakalayo, kanye nazo zonke chips ehambisanayo kungaba ngokuphawulekayo kusheshiswe umsebenzi ukuthuthukiswa, kusukela wesifunda obusebenzayo emfuziselweni walo wokugcina. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa kungenzeka chips enjalo ukuxhuma ngqo ibhasi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa zonke izinhlobo busebenze ezengeziwe inikezwa indawo ngcono eminye nokushintsha uhlelo prototype ngu nokunqamula nokuxhuma amadivaysi ahlukahlukene kusukela ibhasi.

Ziningi izinzuzo ukuthi usethe i-interface I2C. Incazelo, ngokukhethekile, ikuvumela ukuba ubone izinzuzo ezilandelayo ukuze nabaqambi:

• Emabhuloki e kulombhalo obusebenzayo zivumelana ngokugcwele chips, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekisa inguquko ngokwanele okusheshayo kusuka isimiso sokusebenza.
• Asikho isidingo ukuthuthukisa ibhasi interface, ngoba ithayi ekuqaleni ihlanganiswe kucezu ekhethekile.
• zokuxhumana Kuqiniswe kanye yezifiso ekhuluma amadivayisi ivumela uhlelo ukuba isofthiwe ngokugcwele echaziwe.
• Lafananako chips ingasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo izicelo ezahlukene ngokuphelele.
• Inani isikhathi ukuthuthukiswa is kakhulu ziyancipha ngenxa yokuthi Abaklami ungakwazi ngempela ngokushesha ukujwayelana esetshenziswa kakhulu njalo umsebenzi amabhlogo, kanye zonke izinhlobo chips.
• Uma wayefisa, ungakwazi ukwengeza noma ususe chips uhlelo, futhi akanayo nomthelela kakhulu kwamanye zokusebenza ezixhunywe ibhasi efanayo.
• Inani isikhathi ukuthuthukiswa software ingancishiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ovunyelwe ukusebenzisa umtapo esebenza amamojuli isofthiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyafaneleka inqubo kakhulu elula zokuxilonga nganoma yisiphi ukwehluleka futhi ilungise inkinga eyengeziwe, okuyinto ehlukile I2C esibonakalayo. Incazelo uthi uma kunesidingo, ungakwazi ngaphandle kobunzima ngokushesha ukulandelela ngisho ngeziphambeko ezincane ekuqhubeni imishini enjalo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, thatha izinyathelo ezifanele. Futhi uzinake ukuthi Abaklami abahlinzeke izixazululo ekhethekile, okuyinto, ikakhulukati, ngempela ezikhangayo ezihlukahlukene imishini ephathekayo futhi izinhlelo ezinikeza ibhethri-sikagesi, usebenzisa esibonakalayo I2C. ngesiRashiya Incazelo futhi uveza ukuthi uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza ivumela izinzuzo ezilandelayo ezibalulekile:

• Ukumelana sezingeni eliphezulu nganoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka.
• Kakhulu low power ukusetshenziswa.
• Wide supply voltage range.
• A ububanzi lokushisa ububanzi.

Kuzuze bocwepheshe

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi hhayi kuphela abaklami, kodwa futhi ubuchwepheshe ngokuvamile ngempela usanda kuqala ukusebenzisa ozinikele I2C esibonakalayo. ukuze incazelo Russian kubonisa ibanga sasivumela ebanzi izinzuzo, okuyinto anikezwa kulesi sigaba ochwepheshe:

• Standard ezimbili wire ibhasi serial isikhombimsebenzisi kusiza ukunciphisa ukuhlobana kwemikhosi chips, okungukuthi, bethule contact kancane futhi kudinga amathrekhi ezimbalwa, okwenza wesifunda amabhodi ephrintiwe akuzona njengoba ezibizayo futhi ube usayizi ezincane kakhulu.
• Ngokugcwele okuhlangene I2C esibonakalayo LCD1602 noma enye inketho ezinye aqede isidingo ukusebenzisa isiqophi semithombo ikheli, kanye nezinye zangaphandle logic engajulile.
• Inikeza ikhono lokusebenzisa kanyekanye eziningana ehola ungene ibhasi, okuyinto kakhulu ngesivinini ukuhlolwa kanye ukulungiswa okwalandela imishini, kusukela ibhasi kungenziwa exhunywe umugqa inhlangano ikhompyutha.
• Ukutholakala iyahambisana labo chips esibonakalayo VSO, SO futhi ezikhethekile Dil-iphakethe kungaba kakhulu ukunciphisa izidingo usayizi kudivayisi.

Kuyinto kuphela uhlu olufushane izinzuzo ukuthi ezahlukene I2C esibonakalayo LCD1602 nabanye. Futhi chips ehambisanayo ungakwazi ukwandisa unenkululeko kohlelo esetshenziswa ukunikeza ukwakhiwa ngokwedlulele elula ongakhetha ahlukahlukene imishini, kanye izinga lula ukuze uthole ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo ezingeni samanje nentuthuko. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa wonke umkhaya imishini letehlukene asebentisa njengesisekelo umfuziselo othile base.

sesimanje Eminye imishini kanye ukunwetshwa imisebenzi yayo kungaba kwenziwe nge ukuxhumana ejwayelekile ibhasi elihambisana chip usebenzisa 2C esibonakalayo Arduino noma yimuphi omunye yokusungula etholakalayo. Uma kudingeka ukuthola ROM okukhulu, kuleso simo kuyoba okwanele nje ukuba ukhethe enye microcontroller nokuba esengeziwe ROM. Njengoba i-chip olusha uma kunesidingo uyakwazi esikhundleni ngokuphelele emidala, ungakwazi kalula wengeze izici ezintsha imishini noma ukwandisa ukusebenza yayo jikelele ngumuntu Ukunqamula ukuxhuma ezivamile chips akusebenzi kakade futhi eminye esikhundleni sazo imishini entsha.

ACCESS.bus

Ngenxa yokuthi isondo has a imvelo ezimbili wire, futhi ikhono ehlelweni ekhuluma ACCESS.bus elilodwa ezisekelweni ekahle kakhulu yiso esibonakalayo I2C. Ukucaciswa (incazelo ngesiRashiya uvezwa sihloko), kule divayisi kwenza kube alternative ishibhile ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa ngaphambili RS-232C esibonakalayo yokuxhuma okuphathelene nomngcele kumakhompyutha usebenzisa indinganiso isebenzisa-isixhumi ezine.

Isingeniso sebhithi

Ukuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphambili isilawuli-8-bit, asebenzisa microcontrollers, inikeza ikhono ukufaka nenqubo design eziningana:

• uhlelo oluphelele ezimweni eziningi kunenzuzo kufaka microcontroller nezinye okuphathelene nomngcele, kuhlanganise inkumbulo futhi ahlukahlukene okokufaka / okukhipha nezimbobo;
• Kubiza yokuxuba amadivaysi ahlukahlukene kumele kakhulu lincishisiwe ngaphakathi ohlelweni olulodwa;
• uhlelo uphathiswe ukulawula imisebenzi, engabondli abakubo isidingo sokuba kunakekelwe ngokwezinto ngesivinini ukuthumela idatha;
• ukusebenza kahle jikelele kuncike ngqo imishini, kanye nohlobo ibhasi yokuxhuma.

Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo, imithetho ngokugcwele ne nalezi zici ezingenhla, udinga ukusebenzisa ibhasi lapho I2C esibonakalayo serial isetshenziswe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kukhona serial ibhasi komkhawulokudonsa okufanayo, idinga uxhumano okumbalwa nesikhathi contact chips. Akufanele sibakhohlwe yokuthi isondo ayihlanganisi izintambo yokuxhuma, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo kanye nezinqubo ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana ngaphakathi ohlelweni.

Kudivayisi okuxhumana ezisebenzisa isofthiwe ukulingisa I2C esibonakalayo noma isondo kumele abe olandelwayo ethize evumela amathuba ezahlukene preempt ukushayisana, ukulahlekelwa noma ulwazi ekuvimbeni. Esikhathini amadivayisi ukuzila ukudla kumelwe ikwazi ukuxhumana nawe kancane, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlelo akufanele incike imishini exhunyiwe, ngenye indlela zonke ngcono kanye ukuhlela kabusha ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa inqubo lapho langempela ukufaka, umshini othile okwamanje inikeza control ibhasi ngasiphi isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma amadivayisi ezahlukene kokuba ezahlukene iwashi imvamisa, uxhumeke kwi-ibhasi efanayo, kubalulekile ukucacisa umthombo ukuvumelanisa yayo. Konke nalezi zindlela elihambisana I2C interface AVR futhi iyiphi enye kulolu hlu.

Umqondo oyisisekelo

I2C ibhasi engasekela ibuphi ubuchwepheshe chip esetshenziswa. Interface I2C LabVIEW futhi efanayo-ke ezihilela ukusetshenziswa imigqa emibili ekudluliseni ulwazi - nedatha ukuvumelanisa. Noma iyiphi idivayisi ixhunyiwe ngaleyo ndlela Kutholwe ngenxa ikheli elihlukile, kungakhathaliseki kuba sesikhashana LCD, le microcontroller, inkumbulo noma esibonakalayo ikhibhodi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ongasebenza njengoba Lidlulisela noma umamukeli, kuye ngokuthi inhloso ngqo lokhu imishini senzelwe.

Ezimweni eziningi kunenzuzo LCD sesikhashana kuyinto umamukeli ejwayelekile, kanye inkumbulo kungenzeka kuphela ukuthola kodwa futhi ukudlulisa idatha ehlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ezihambayo amadivayisi Imininingwane kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi inceku kanye master.

Kulokhu, idivayisi ngokuthi okuyinhloko okuyinto omula idatha ukuwudlulisa amasignali kokuvumelanisa ikhiqizwa. Kulokhu, kunoma iyiphi idivayisi ye addressable siyothathwa njengobufakazi maqondana ezigqileni zakhe.

zokuxhumana I2C esibonakalayo sihlinzekela eziningana ehola, okungukuthi, kumadivaysi angaphezu kweyodwa uyakwazi ukulawula ibhasi uyakwazi ukuxhuma kuyo. Ikhono ukusebenzisa ezingaphezu kweyodwa microcontroller ukuba ithayi ubonisa ukuthi ezingaphezu kweyodwa aphethe kungenziwa ukuthumela nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Ukuqeda nezinxushunxushu ezingaba ukuthi izingozi zenzeka lapho kuphakama isimo esinjalo, sisungule inqubo ukulamula umbango ezikhethekile, esebenzisa esibonakalayo I2C. Wegazi kanye namanye amadivayisi ukuhlinzekela uxhumano amadivayisi ibhasi ku kokubusa lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi inhlangano I.

Generation isignali isikhathi kuwumsebenzi we esiyingcweti, futhi ngamunye yakha isignali yayo ngesikhathi ukudluliswa kwedatha, futhi phambili ukuthi singakwazi ukushintsha kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi "idonsa" inceku ingasheshi noma enye inkosi lapho ukushayisana kwenzeka.

izilungiselelo ezijwayelekile

Njengoba SCL, SDA futhi imigqa bidirectional ezixhunywe amandla umthombo omuhle esebenzisa Pullup Resistor. Lapho isondo nhlobo, umugqa ngamunye e esiphakeme. Izigaba okukhipha amadivayisi exhunyiwe ibhasi Kumele ube evulekile-abakhwabanisi noma evulekile-ngalendoda umsebenzi kungenzeka kuhlinzekwe ngokusebenzisa obandayo-IM I2C Imininingwane esibonakalayo lungathunyelwa ngesilinganiso ezingekho ngaphezulu kuka-400 kbit / s ikumodi okusheshayo, ngesikhathi ijubane ejwayelekile ngaphansi kuka-100 kbit / s. Inani lamadivayisi kungenziwa abaxhumeke ibhasi, kuncike kuphela eyodwa ipharamitha. Lokhu umthamo komugqa akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-400 PF.

isiqinisekiso

Ukuqinisekiswa yinqubo angangabazeki ukudluliswa kwedatha. Ukuhola yakha elihambisana ukuvumelanisa ishayela, kuyilapho Transmitter kudedela umugqa SDA ngaleso iwashi njengoba isiqinisekiso. Ngemva kwalokho, nomemukeli kufanele siqinisekise esitebeleni nokugcinwa SDA umugqa isimo okusezingeni eliphezulu iwashi stably esimweni ongaphakeme. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele isethaphu bese ubamba.

Ezimweni eziningi kunenzuzo umamukeli ziqondiswe kumelwe nakanjani ukhiqize uyazisa emva ngamunye ibhayithi wathola, futhi ngaphandle nje lapha yilawo izimo lapho ekuqaleni ukuthumela kuhlanganisa ikheli CBUS kuphela.

Uma umamukeli inceku akunakwenzeka ukuthumela isiqinisekiso ikheli lalo, kubalulekile ukuba ushiye umugqa idatha esimweni esiphakeme, bese umkhuthazi eyobonisa kungenzeka lokukhipha "stop", okuyinto kuzophazamisa ukuthumela lonke ulwazi. Uma ikheli sekuqinisekisiwe, kodwa azikwazi enophephela isikhathi eside sisakwazi ukwamukela noma iyiphi idatha eziholela futhi kufanele kuphazamisekile ngokuthumela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, inceku akusho uqinisekise ibhayithi elilandelayo wathola futhi nje ushiya umugqa idatha HIGH, ukuze inkosi yakha isignali "Misa".

Uma inqubo ukudlulisa, ukuhlinzekela okuyinhloko-umamukeli, kulesi simo, kufanele sazise ekupheleni yokudlulisela inceku olwenziwa, futhi hhayi kuqinisekiswa zokugcina ibhayithi wathola. Kulokhu, Transmitter inceku ngokushesha ukukhulula umugqa idatha ukuhola angakhiqiza isiginali "Misa" noma ukuphinda isignali futhi "Qala".

Ukuze uhlole ubukhona bamagama imishini, ungazama ukungena izibonelo esezingeni imidwebo for the Arduino I2C esibonakalayo, njengoba esithombeni ngenhla.

ukulamula

Ukuhola ungaqala Imininingwane ukudlulisa kuphela ngemva wenkululeko ephelele isondo, kodwa ihamba phambili ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ungachitha isizukulwane isignali isiqalo ngesikhathi esincane nokugcinwa kwesikhathi. Lokhu ekugcineni kuholela ocacile isignali "isiqalo" ebhasini.

Umsebenzi eyenziwa SDA ukulamula umbango ibhasi lezo zikhathi kuze SCL-ibhasi lisasesimweni okusezingeni eliphezulu. Uma omunye ekuholeni iqala ukuba adlulisele umugqa idatha ongaphakeme, kodwa lona omunye - okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho-ke yokugcina inqanyuliwe ngokuphelele kuwo, ngoba isimo SDL akuyona isimo ezifanele ephakeme extension yakhe.

Phambili ukulamula umbango engenziwa izingcezu eziningana. Ngenxa yokuthi amakheli kuqala kuthiwa ngocansi bese idatha, ukulamula umbango ungase ube isikhathi kuze kube sekupheleni ikheli, futhi uma ziyoxazululwa ngokuholela kudivayisi efanayo, kulokhu, lizokuba yingxenye nedatha ahlukahlukene kuleli ukulamula umbango. Ngenxa yalokhu ukulamula idatha uhlelo elahlekile uma kwenzeka noma yimuphi ukushayisana.

Uma inkosi ilahlekelwa ukulamula umbango, lapho kwenzeka angakhipha ukuvumelanisa pulses SCL kuya Byte ukuphela, futhi okuyiwona ukufinyelela lulahlekile.