US zemali: isithombe kanye nomlando

Isithakazelo US dollar, eye bathukuthele isikhathi eside, ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho. Kodwa ukukhuluma zemali esikhishwe kulelo zwe, hhayi kancane. Umlando ubonisa ukuthi ngabo isimo wayenobuhlobo obukhethekile. Imininingwane engeziwe mayelana US kwenzeka kanjani futhi ushintshe uhlamvu lwemali, funda ku.

isizukulwane

Igama elithi "dollar" livela Czech. Kulokho okwakubizwa Bohemia kangaka okuthiwa zesiliva. Kamuva uqambe Taller. Kodwa lapho 1700 eMelika wamakoloni babe kumaphethini eSpain, okuyinto yobujamo ungathi zemali zamaBohemia, ayebizwa zamadola noma pesos.

umthetho kahulumeni

lwemali yokukhiqiza inqubo is isandla kulawulwa uhulumeni kusukela 1792. Khona-ke wethulwa Mint, okuyinto emlandweni waso, wahlanganyela minting lwemali hhayi kuphela Melika kodwa ngenxa Philadelphia, Denver, West Point, e-San Francisco.

wase-US ngo 1792 ngemvume umthetho ophathelene nezinkampani ezenza okuyinto $ 1 zazilingana amasenti 100. Lezi imali yamaphepha zisekhona ezinkulu kuleli zwe. Kodwa olimini ngokwethukela kusetshenziswa amanye amagama: penny (eyodwa cent), nickel (5 amasenti), lutho (nickel ezimbili) ethangini = dollar elilodwa (kungakho bavele igama elithi "buck").

Isenzo zomthetho senzelwe ukwethula udaba khulula zemali nge ecacile nenkanuko edlulele isilinganiso zegolide nezesiliva. NgokoMthetho we-inzuzo nokuntengantenga emakethe ashaqa amakhasethi e-US zemali, ukubaluleka lokho kwenza ngenxa intengo metal iyehla iyenyuka. isilinganiso Fixed kwaba 1:15. Kodwa nge ukukhululwa ngamunye kwashintsha.

Ngemva Ukwamukelwa koMthethosisekelo wase-United States Congress eye wavumela Bank ukukhipha imali yamaphepha zokuzivikela. Kodwa wenza nezinye izikhungo abolekise efanayo futhi. Ngenxa yalokho, inzuzo kwaba ngaphezu izinkulungwane imali yamaphepha ezahlukene. Nabakhwabanisi lwalezi zinhlamvu, aseMelika esetshenziswa ngenjabulo. Ekupheleni kwempi yombango, yesithathu banknotes ayesekhona iye kuphazanyiswe. inkinga wanquma ukuthatha Secret Service.

eminyakeni eyalandela

"Gold Rush" zaqala ngo-1849. Coin "$ 1" wangena kwegazi. Ngemva kwesikhashana kwakukhona imali yamaphepha e namahlelo 3 no-20 zamaRandi. Ukuze yokuxhasa impi nge Confederation, Congress ophoqelelwe uMgcinimafa ukukhipha imali yamaphepha yabo. Lezi "greenbacks" wawunganikezi nge izinsimbi eziyigugu kuze 1878.

Mthetho 1873 wagumbuqela bimetallism futhi waletha standard igolide. Isiliva kuye kwaba yinto eyivela futhi ilahlekelwe izindleko zalo isilungisiwe. Le nqubo kwalandelwa deflation, okwaholela abangasebenzi. Iminyaka eminingi khona, lesi simiso yabangela impikiswano. Kodwa uyekwa leholele Okukhulu Kwezomnotho.

Heads noma imisila

kamuva Isithombe lokuqala zemali US, izithombe zazo uvezwa, kwathiwa ukukopishwa Anna Binham Wokuzithandela, indodakazi umongameli we First Bank. Lapho Thomas Jefferson eyingoduso design Khipha Dzhon Rayh. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe umfuziselo owenziwe intombazane nge cap Phrygian ekhanda lakhe. Eminyakeni eyalandela, umklamo ishintshile izikhathi eziningana.

Isenzakalo esimnandi kakhulu wadedelwa ngaphansi uTheodore Roosevelt. Ngenxa ukuma okungavamile we ayizindunduma futhi ngicindezelekile US zemali anda eshalofini yokuphila. Esikhathini kusuka 1837 kuya 1838 imali engamaphepha engunyaza nge isithombe esisha of Liberty. Kubo kubalwa intombazane ohlezi phezu kwedwala, ebambe esandleni sakhe isihlangu ne «Liberty» yombhalo oqoshiwe. Nokho, iphutha lenziwa umculi. Isandla sokunene wabheka kunangendlela ngakwesobunxele. Kodwa namanje, lokhu uhlamvu lwemali wayekade kwegazi iminyaka engu-50. Ngenxa ekuqongeleleni inqwaba amasampula sverhstaryh e 1892 kwakukhona khiphani mass banknotes.

Ngemuva kokuwina yezwe yokuqala uvele "Dollar Ukuthula" emhlane. It wayechazwa ukhozi luhlasela nge legatsha omnqumo, ohlezi phezu kwedwala nge «UKUTHULA» yombhalo oqoshiwe.

amaphuzu abalulekile

Okubaluleke kakhulu yiyona uhlamvu lwemali "$ 1", okuyinto lethiwa kusukela womqophi - "Morganist". Kusukela ngo-1873 kube kubalwa kusuka igolide. abanikazi Mthetho 1873, okuyinto ochithiwe bimetallism, abathintekayo kwezimayini esiliva. Kodwa ngemva ukuthengwa omkhulu izindleko metal zemali ngezinye izikhathi kudlulwe ukubaluleka ubuso babo. Ngenxa yalokho, imali engamaphepha yabuye yaqala Mint igolide (1878) ngesula kwegazi ihlelo 3 isiliva 5 amasenti.

Ngemva Yokuwohloka Okukhulu emhlane kwakukhona uhlamvu lwemali "US amasenti 25" (Ikota). Kwakuwusuku lokuqala, lapho Liberty - uphawu oyinhloko Melika - salandelwa Washington. Lo mkhuba bese kaninginingi. Sample 1964 manje iyasebenza. Kwakukhona entsha 10- futhi-cent 50 amasampula esiliva ngenombolo enkulu zobuzwe. Ekuqaleni, babiza lutho "Mercury" Freedom kuvezwa cap Phrygian enamaphiko elifanekisela inguquko. On the reverse kwaboniswa blade impi ngembazo kanti amagatsha omnqumo. Lezizibonakaliso zifanekisela ukuzimisela ukuvikela kanye isifiso sokuba nokuthula. Amasampula babe amasenti 50 "izikhwebu" ibe ifulege lesizwe. US amasenti (zemali) kusuka 2010 waqala ukuveza zinc zethusi nickel ingxubevange.

magazini okhethekile

Nesithakazelo anda US yasebhange amanothi abathintekayo minting uchungechunge zemali esiyisikhumbuzo. Uchungechunge penny enikelwe ukuba u-Abraham Lincoln. Kuhlanganisa amasampula 4. On the reverse ngamunye uboniswa izigaba ebalulekile ukuphila kuka-Abrahama. I obverse izici iphrofayili 16 US President. WeJubili uchungechunge akhiqizwa 2009 senziwa zinc kanye camera ngethusi. Umklamo isampuli okuyinto emhlane, ukuboniswa Lincoln Memorial.

amasampula abahlukile nickel, Nickels, uvele 2004. Ohlangothini obverse isithombe Thomas Jefferson. Zonke zemali US izithombe esiyingqayizivele okubonisa izigaba yentuthuko West:

• Medal "Ukuthola Okwezwe '', okuyinto unikelwa abahlanganyeli bomkhankaso ekuthuthukiseni West.
• Kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sikebhe lapho Lewis Vilyam Klark wadabula amasimu Melika.
• Iphrofayela ukwaluka inyathi - isilwane kusho lukhulu Emiphakathini eminingi sezizwe Melika.
• buka ogwini ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean.

Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke abaqoqi abanesifiso zemali 25 amasenti (Quarters). Isampula lokuqala iminyaka engu-yakhishwa ngo-1976. On the obverse Ingumfanekiso uGeorge Washington. On the reverse - umshayi wezigubhu nge ithoshi wokunqoba, zizungezwe 13 izinkanyezi (inombolo ithi wokuqala kuleli zwe).

Akubanga isithakazelo kancane uhlamvu lwemali "50 States", okuyinto kwaba ukukhululwa izilokotho ezinhle iminyaka engu-10. Phakathi nale nkathi, eyakhishwa ngo-amasampula 5 ngonyaka. Lokhu uhlamvu lwemali yethusi ne-nickel ingxubevange. Amapharamitha: ubukhulu - 24.3 mm; isisindo - 5,67 g, ukujiya - 1.75 mm. Quarters esiyisikhumbuzo ukuwugcina ngokuphelele, okuyinto standard.

isiphetho

Eyokuqala US zemali zase zisatshalaliswa ekhulwini XVII. Babedalelwene isiliva negolide. Sekuyisikhathi eside Njengoba esibalulekile design wakhuthaza uphawu yezwe - inkululeko. izithombe zalo zalotshelwa bakhishwe abesifazane abadumile futhi emuhle isikhathi. Umklamo umagazini ngamunye washintsha. I obverse amasampuli yesimanje ekumeni US kamongameli, ukubusa eminyakeni. On the reverse - Amatshwayo ukuthula, amandla wombuso kanye ukulungela ukuvikela.