Inland amanzi Australia: izici kanye nencazelo

Naphezu amanzi ngaphakathi, Australia banikezwe isimo elome kunawo Emhlabeni. Isimo sezulu nokuma kwendawo zaleli zwekazi kunalokho okuyisidina, okuyinto akulona yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Ingxenye esemqoka Australia litholé inani elincane kwezulu, futhi eyayiwuphawu eyinhloko itholakala empumalanga maphakathi nezwekazi. Lokhu kuchaza ukuma ongavamile okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi izinhlelo.

sezulu Australia

Ingxenye esemqoka ye zwekazi likhulu phezu plate Australia. kwamiswa Impumuzo ngesikhathi orogeny Archean. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kukhona cishe awekho izintaba. Isimo sezulu zifane nalezo yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Ngesikhathi lapho endaweni iqhwa Eurasia, Australia, kuheleza a ehlobo kushisa. Amazinga isilinganiso maphakathi nezwekazi - mayelana 35 ºC. Winter iqala ngo-June bese ihlala kuze September. Isilinganiso lokushisa - mayelana 10 ºC. Ebusuku yesithwathwa zingenzeka. Ezingxenyeni eziningi insimu phakathi nonyaka uwela kungekho abangaphezu kuka-250 mm imvula.

Leli zwekazi lase-Australia itholakala zokuzamazama ezintathu zemvelo: ezishisayo, nakwezifudumele kanye sub-Saharan. Cishe angu 44% endaweni elalihlala ehlane, lapho 8. izwekazi Wik libhekene ohangulayo futhi yomile isikhathi ihlobo nobusika, noHezekeli, liyana. Inyakatho ye-Australia engaphansi kwethonya South Equatorial yamanje. Ehlobo kukhona yezimvula ezinamandla, futhi ebusika kucacile futhi yomile.

ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba

Iningi izinhlelo entabeni zaleli zwekazi abantu abaye balahlekelwa umsebenzi ngenxa weathering izinqubo eminyakeni ayizigidi zezinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Isiqongo esiphakeme e-Australia - Mount Kosciuszko. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi awalethe has a ukuphakama okungaphansi kuka-200 m. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 million edlule kwakheka Omkhulu kuhlukane Range. Lokhu zikhubazekile kakhulu Ukhahlamba, ngaphandle kuphela lapha.

Leli zwekazi ikude izindawo lokuxhumana phakathi izingqimba zomhlaba. Lokhu kuchaza yokuthi e-Australia azikho mlilo. Kwalapho kuhlangana khona izingqimba zomhlaba ungaphakathi Oceania. Kuleli qophelo, umsebenzi omkhulu wentaba-mlilo.

amanzi Inland-Australia: kafushane

Ezwekazini, komfula omncane flow rate. Inani eyisisekelo nemifula wome. River, ukuqala at emithambekeni esempumalanga kuhlukane Ibanga futhi uhlala e Tasmania, unyaka wonke. amanzi Inland-Australia, akhiwe entshonalanga wome ngesikhathi ukushisa kwehlobo. Iningi insimu has imifula nemifudlana ithela kulo lonke izwekazi. Imingcele umcengezi lokuqoqa amanzi, uzwakalise wavuma.

emfuleni

Inland amanzi e-Australia, lapho has a isithombe esihlokweni ethulwa emfuleni main - the Murray. It has ezintathu ezinkulu kwatheleka, lokuqoqa umswakama ensimini kuka 1 ayizinkulungwane. ^Km2. Umsuka walo nemingenela main zitholakala km 200 ngasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika. Endleleni bona flow ndawonye zibe ukusakaza emikhulu egeleza ngokusebenzisa imigudu emazombezombe ka ku ngasolwandle. Ubude Murray kuyinto 2575 km. Sifinyelela engezansi km phezu 970 kusukela umlomo imikhumbi.

Isithiyo ngoba amanzi emikhulu yezokuthutha kukhona izindunduma zesihlabathi. Ngenxa indawo yabo eduze komlomo izitsha ulwandle akakwazi ukuhamba phezu Murray. Murrumbidgee - ngomfula owumthelela emfuleni elikhulu lase-Afrika. ubude bayo - mayelana 1690 km, umfula kuvela e Qom. "Izintaba Snowy" - amandla kagesi, elawula ukugeleza ahlangene emifuleni emibili.

Darling - yesibili inflow ezinkulu Murray, lokuqoqa amanzi kusukela emithambekeni esentshonalanga Kwehlukanisa yokhalo. Ubude umfula 2740 km. Ngokuvumelana nemingenela yayo kanti amanye amadamu elawula ukugeleza ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphandle nesomiso esinzima.

Amanzi umbuso

Lokhu amanzi ethile ephakathi nezwe Australia akuzona elinganiselwe. Ingxenye esemqoka nezwekazi has abakhwabanisi compartmentalized noma kungokwalabo umcengezi kwangaphakathi. Isibonelo esishintshashintshayo ezinjalo - ithafa Western. Iziteshi eziningi yamanzi liyinkathi ezingavamile futhi esifushane. Namadreni eziholela Ukoma kwemithombo echibini noma amaxhaphozi.

I ndawo enkulukazi, indawo 1143,7 ayizinkulungwane. ² km, libhekisela echibini Lake. Air engena phakathi kwabayishumi abaphasa ngamalengiso emhlabeni. Pool kuhlanganisa ukusakaza Cooper Creek, uGeorgina futhi Diamantina River. I engela kwesifo lincane kakhulu, isiteshi tortuous, ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ihlangane.

Ukuhlaziya amanzi maphakathi nezwe-Australia grade 7 esikoleni esiphakeme. Tekharikhulamu kuyaziwa ukuthi umcengezi isiteshi Echibi Eyre cishe njalo omile, futhi imifudlana yamanzi avele kuzo kuphela ngemva nezimvula ezinkulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ububanzi amanzi ageleza kuze kube amakhilomitha ambalwa. Noma kunjalo, cishe njalo zinyamalale engakafiki indishi echibini. Amanzi lalibukeka okokuqala kuphela ngo-1950 ngokokuqala baseYurophu kokuma efika ezwekazini.

Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo Australia amanzi maphakathi nezwe zihlobene kakhulu. Umphumela nemvula encane kwaba nokuntengantenga iningi imifula yaleli zwekazi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abakwazi sisetshenziselwe inzuzo yomuntu. Bambalwa amasayithi efanelekayo nokwakhiwa kwamadamu, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni ephakathi ye zwekazi, lapho le nkinga yamanzi sibi kakhulu. Ukuxazulula, udinga eziningi amadamu ogeleza egcwele.

Ezindaweni eziningi ezinesomiso esiningi amanzi nje iyasha. Kuphela Tasmania, amanzi maphakathi nezwe lase-Australia babe esitebeleni unyaka wonke amanzi emifula.

Lake

Impumuzo, isimo salo sezulu Australia amanzi maphakathi nezwe okuye kwabangela ngayo inani elikhulu amachibi omisiwe. Phansi kwalezi agcwalise ihlanganisa ubumba, ecebile nosawoti. Kwezinye izimo, zikhona amachibi wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. Noma kunjalo, igcwele nosawoti nasodakeni ngesikhathi ukujula engajulile. Iningi lawo abantu abasengxenyeni esentshonalanga kuleli zwekazi, elikhulu kunawo wonke zitholakala nasengxenyeni eseningizimu (Eyre, Frome, Torrens et al.).

Esikhathini eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwekazi lase isethwe amachweba ocebile nosawoti amanzi ahlukaniswa kusukela izithiyo ulwandle esihlabathini. Tasmania - esifundeni lapho ungathola echibini elikhulu kunawo wonke kuleli zwekazi nge amanzi ahlanzekile, abanye zakhelwe izitshalo Hydropower.

komhlaba

amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba phakathi nezwe-Australia - umthombo obalulekile. amadolobhana amaningi enikeziwe kulo mthombo. Izindawo matasa amachibi komhlaba, omkhulu (phezu 3240 ayizinkulungwane. ² km). Iningi lazo aqukethe ukudla okuqinile yahlakazeka, okuyinto azizifanelekeli wokunisela. Nokho, lokhu amanzi angasetshenziswa emfuyo amapulazi.

Underground we zwekazi likhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni Omkhulu Artesian Basin. endaweni yaso 1751,5 thous. Km ^2. Amanzi angaphasi komhlaba, iqukethe semali nosawoti. Nokho, ngaphandle kulo mthombo umswakama dilution yezimvu kulelivekati ngabe kusongelwa. imicengezi Artesian babe izindawo ezincane futhi kwezinye izindawo zaleli zwekazi.