Umthetho phakathi ayifakiwe - isimiso esiyisisekelo logic

imithetho Basic logic kungafaniswa izimiso kanye nemithetho esebenzayo ngokwemvelo. Nokho, banayo imininingwane yabo, okungenani ukuthi tingasebenti emhlabeni osizungezile, futhi indiza yokucabanga komuntu. Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimiso yokutholwa logic, sihluke imithetho zomthetho ukuze bakwazi angeke kuphinde kushintshwe. Ziyakwazi umgomo futhi uthathe isinyathelo kungesiyo intando yethu. Yiqiniso, ngeke ukwazi phikisana ngokuhambisana nalezi zimiso, kodwa ke nikhuluma ezinengqondo neze umuntu ecabanga.

umthetho elinengqondo - insika isayensi izinhlekelele, ezemvelo nezenziwe abantu. Uma ekuphileni kwansuku zonke usengakwazi bazitike ukugeleza imizwa ukuthi awahambisani nemithetho wokwakha kanye nokuthuthukiswa umcabango, kungenzeka ukuvumela izikhala ubuhlakani, umsebenzi sina noma ingxoxo ka le ndlela yokukhuluma akwamukeleki. Ukuze isisekelo phi sekelo nobufakazi kukhona izimiso zomthwalo ukwahlulela lesifanele.

Ziyini lezi zimiso? Ezintathu kuzo Kwatholakala endulo ngu-Aristotle: kuba isimiso ukungaguquguquki, kokubusa ungubani futhi umthetho phakathi ezikhishiwe. Emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, Leibniz wathola esinye isimiso - esanele. Yonke imithetho ezintathu logic esisemthethweni, kuchazwe ngu-Aristotle bangahlukani oxhumene. Uma sicabanga nakancane ukuthi omunye isixhumanisi umopostroeny ulahlekile, bese njengoba nokwakha indlu, futhi ukuwa ukuphumula.

Umthetho phakathi ayifakiwe kungenziwa kanje: «tertium non datur» noma «kungekho indlela yesithathu". Uma sibonisa imisho emibili eziphikisa ngokuphathelene nalokhu (noma uchungechunge izinto noma izenzakalo), omunye isiphakamiso kuyoba yiqiniso, kanye nezinye - akukho. Phakathi kwalezi zitatimende ayikwazi eyakhelwe ezinye wasithathu, umhla owawuyosilethela ndawonye ezimbili ezinkulu noma ngakhonza phakathi yokuxhuma ibhuloho logic. Isibonelo elula phakathi ayifakiwe: "Yona le nto emhlophe" futhi "Le nto akuyona ezimhlophe." Kodwa kusebenza kuphela uma namazwi ezimbili okuphambene ayekade waveza izinto ezifanayo kulokhu futhi imigomo efanayo.

ayifakiwe Law phakathi Ungena force lapho ukwahlulela phakathi A no B kukhona contraries noma ukungavumelani kontradiktornaya. Eyokuqala - isitatimende umbono okuphambene. Ngokwesibonelo, isiphakamiso "I umhlaba uzungeza ilanga" futhi "ilanga lumayelana ezisemhlabeni" zingezinye contraries. Kontradiktornoe ukungqubuzana kuphakama lapho ibinzana A izimangalo B ophika lutho: "Umlilo lifudumeza," futhi "Umlilo kubanda". Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho ukuphikisana kwenzeka phakathi esithile nezahlulelo jikelele, lapho omunye omuhle nabanye - ". Cha umfundi ayinakho idiploma" ongathandeki, "Abanye abafundi kakade unayo amadiploma" futhi

Uma sicabanga, ikakhulukazi isayensi, izidingo ezikhethekile: ukungaguquguquki, ukungaguquguquki ukuzimisela. Umthetho phakathi ayifakiwe - ngezinga elithile iqiniso kangakanani, sicabanga kanjani. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sithi "Nkulunkulu - zonke-okuhle", ngakho-ke umusho "UNkulunkulu wanika ekuhluphekeni esihogo ngezoni," kuyize. Uma sithi uNkulunkulu udale yokuhlushwa phakade omunye umuntu, khona-ke akunakwenzeka ukuba bathi - Good. Njengoba uNkulunkulu njengoba into iziphetho wethu angeke owawuse Ngokuphambene izibonakaliso, ezinye imisho emibili okungenhla kuyiqiniso, khona-ke owesibili - zamanga. Esesithathu kunganikezwa.