Izitho Animal, isitho izinhlelo: definition, izibonelo

A eziphilayo - kuyinto uhlelo kwezitho oxhumene nezicubu. Ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi wabo ehlelekile uma zingene imfuyo ngendlela evamile. Futhi akunandaba ukuthi yikuphi esiteji kwentuthuko emzimbeni. Umahluko owokuthi ukuthi abameleli nezilwane kungenzeka emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko wendlela kwemvelo futhi ngenxa yalokho, isilwane izitho, isitho izinhlelo futhi zingafani ngokoMthetho indlela owakheke ngayo nosebenza. Lokhu kusekelwe isimiso phylogeny.

Isakhiwo emizimbeni isilwane

izitho Iningi akheke ezivamile wesifunda: zezinzwa izicubu emgodleni, ungqimba kwemisipha kanye ungqimba kwangaphakathi. Kuye ukusebenza nemisebenzi lezi izingqimba kungenziwa kahle, ongekho noma eyayihambisana kwamanye amasayithi.

Akuwona wonke izicubu isilwane zakha izingxenye. Ngokwesibonelo, coelenterates kanye izipanji, flatworms zazisahlala nezicubu ezingeni yenhlangano.

Biology. yezinto eziphilayo noma yomthetho

Ekuqaleni, umzimba eziphilayo lalinabashumayeli amaseli umahluko. Ngo ukuvela emizimbeni isilwane kwamiswa, isitho izinhlelo. Ahluke ukusebenza, kodwa umsebenzi wabo kuhloswe kuphela into eyodwa - balondoloze ukuqinisela of imvelo komzimba kwangaphakathi nokuphila okuvamile.

Ukwabela isitho izinhlelo ezilandelayo:

1. Sokujikeleza.

2.-ukugaya.

3. zemisipha.

4. excretion.

5. zokuphefumula.

6. endocrine.

7. Nervous.

8. Imisebenzi.

9. Uhlelo iyezwa.

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi kwezilwane

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi okokuqala ivela annelids, futhi banakho ivaliwe hlobo. Amabili umkhumbi main - amaphiko futhi ventral. Basuke wajoyina phambi worm umzimba iziteshi onamandla trivially ngokuthi "izinhliziyo", kodwa asikwenzi lokho ziyizinto ezihlukile, kodwa izitsha abavamile, izindonga aqukethe ungqimba obukhulu kwemisipha izicubu.

kwemvelo okuqhubekayo izitho lalithé:

- zonke izinhlobo zezilwane kufika manje kufaka shellfish isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi of uhlobo evulekile;

- uhlelo golovohordovyh ohlobo avaliwe, kepha engenayo inhliziyo;

- kusukela cyclostomes (hagfish, lampreys) ubonakala dvukamernoe inhliziyo;

- izilwane zasemhlabeni, ezihuquzelayo inhliziyo emithathu chambered, igazi okuxubile;

- izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo, inhliziyo 4-chamber, ukuze bakwazi kulondolozwe izinga lokushisa emzimbeni njalo (homeothermic).

uhlelo alimentary

isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene owokuqala owachaza lesi flatworms (ngesimo iziteshi evaliwe). Ingquza khona. Ngemva kwalokho, izibilini izilwane ziye zashintsha ngendlela elandelayo:

- the roundworms livela ekujuleni tube emathunjini: hindgut kanye ingquza (indiza kwakukhona amalungu amabili kuphela emathunjini);

- the annelids kwakhiwa calcium salivary nezindlala, umsebenzi kabani main - yokubola detritus;

- eyisinambuzane phambi kanye emathunjini phakathi kuthiwa uphahlwe amagobolondo chitin;

- the Amphioxus livela yayifanekisela nomxhantela hepatic;

- e izinhlanzi cartilaginous - umphini Helical emathunjini amancane, umsebenzi walo - okwandisa ebusweni ukuncela;

- kwemvelo okwengeziwe elapha isandiso emathunjini, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda endaweni ukuncela.

Locomotor apharathasi

uhlelo zemisipha siqukethe izinhlelo ezimbili: skeleton kanye nemisipha. Uhlaka lwamathambo uba ukwesekwa, futhi imisipha obangela ukunyakaza esikhaleni. kwemvelo yamuva kwaba kwamangqamuzana enkulu nokwehlisa ilungiselelo metameric.

1. Uhlaka lwamathambo livela cyclostomes.
2. Ngo cartilaginous izinhlanzi cartilaginous ke, iningi izinhlanzi bony - amathambo.
3. Nge ichweba e izilwane zasemhlabeni avele nemilenze emihlanu kwabonakala, amathambo ukuthuthukisa nemilenze khulula nomgogodla entsha.
4. Awezinyoka kwakhiwa esifubeni.
5. Ngo izinyoni, kukhona izinguquko eziningi e isakhiwo lwamathambo ngokuqondene nedivaysi ukundiza.
6. Ngo ezincelisayo, kukhona kwamangqamuzana sokugcina ithambo.

uhlelo excretory

Yikuphi inqunywe kukhona isilwane izitho? isitho izinhlelo futhi zihlanganisa uhlelo uketshezi, okuyinto unomthwalo ukukhipha umzimba umzimba imikhiqizo, ubuthi ubuthi.

- flatworms uhlelo excretory umelwe protonephridia.

- In annelids kakade metanephridia.

- In eyisinambuzane avele nezindlala oluhlaza, amashubhu Malpighian.

- Thina shellfish - sezinso.

- Zonke izinhlobo ezilandelayo (inhlanzi) ikhanda izinso.

- In kwezinhlanzi nezilwane eziphila ezweni mesonephros.

Kuzo zonke, kusukela ezihuquzelayo ziphethe ezincelisayo, le misebenzi yenziwa izinso okhalo.

umgudu wokuphefumula

It wenza umsebenzi ukugaya i-oksijini imvelo. Okokuqala livela eyisinambuzane.

- In ezinamagobolondo umgudu wokuphefumula omelelwa zokuphefumula.

- Izinambuzane - uqhoqhoqho.

- e mollusk - ukukhanya kwakhiwa ngalo ingaphakathi nesiphuku.

- zonke izilwane sekufakwe izinhlanzi umgudu wokuphefumula - kungcono zokuphefumula.

- Frogs athuthukile emaphashini saccular.

- Awezinyoka - yeselula.

- Birds - sithambile.

- Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle - wamaphaphu alveolar.

isimiso sezinzwa

isimiso sezinzwa uxhuma olunye uhlaka izinhlelo ngendlela umzimba owodwa, enikeza amasignali kanye nokulawula ukusebenza kwe ingxenye ngayinye.

Isimiso sezinzwa uhlobo ehlasela umzimba livela coelenterates.

- flatworms ortogon noma wethuke uhlelo isitebhisi.

- Ingabe roundworms peripharyngeal ezinzwa indandatho futhi izinzwa iziqu.

- In annelids peripharyngeal ezinzwa esiyingini ventral emsipheni intambo.

- In eyisinambuzane kukhona ikhanda ganglion futhi uhlala ventral emsipheni intambo.

- Kumahlukana clams isimiso sezinzwa.

- Kukhona livela golovohordovyh ukunwetshwa neural tube ekupheleni phambi emzimbeni.

- Inhlanzi secrete zonke izingxenye zobuchopho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho ezihuquzelayo khona ziyikuqala cortex cerebral.

Ngo ezincelisayo, kukhona convolutions ingqondo.

uhlelo zokuzala

zokuzala uhlelo umsebenzi - ukudlala uhlobo yabo. Uhlelo zokuzala kungaba owesilisa noma owesifazane, kukhona hermaphrodites (annelids, mollusk). uhlelo lwabesifazane uye savela kancane kancane. Izitho eziyinhloko kwesibeletho, amashubhu fallopian, amaqanda. izimpethu Abaningi yisinanakazana avele ngisho ootype futhi ezengeziwe umdlavuza: amaprotheni, isikhuphasha.

Owesilisa uhlelo zokuzala siqukethe testes futhi vas deferens. Ngokulandelayo, isidoda zikhishwa ngokusebenzisa isitho copulatory ngaphandle noma insikazi izitho zangasese.

isiphetho

Sibheke iziphi izinhlaka izilwane. isitho izinhlelo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ukuphila evamile ngokuphelele noma imuphi umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi owesilisa noma izimpethu. Uma uhlelo yilelo nalelo lungu, ukuze silondoloze homeostasis umzimba.

Izingane eklasini biology ukutadisha isakhiwo yezinto eziphilayo. Visual impahla kwenza kube lula ukuba bakhumbule ukubukeka isilwane izitho. Amathebula amasistimu ezahlukene kungatholakala cishe kunoma iyiphi biology cwaningo.