Yikuphi amagciwane kukhona Amagciwane? Ama-bacterium abantu

Phakathi inqwaba izilokazane ezincane zingase ziqale ukubonakala engakapheli abangane, anikeza imisebenzi ebalulekile zomzimba wethu, futhi izitha ezimbi kakhulu. Lezi izinto eziphilayo zihlukaniswe amagciwane, isikhunta lenyama. Ngezinye izikhathi idatha nezilwanyana ezincane kuhlanganiswe ngezwi "amagciwane". Amagciwane angabasizi le causative ejenti izifo eziningi, ezinye izinhlobo ibe usongo olukhulu ekuphileni komuntu. Nokho, labo eziphilayo ezihlala emzimbeni womuntu, kunalokho, yokusiza izikhulu sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo imisebenzi yabo.

Ama-bacterium, isakhiwo sabo

Bacterium abizwa ngokuthi ama protists. Amancane (0.5-10 microns) kanye nesakhiwo ezahlukene. Iseli zalezi zinto siqukethe ulwelwesi kanye cytoplasm. Cell ulwelwesi linendima ebalulekile umzimba nge imvelo. ulwelwesi Cytoplasmic Friend kuya igobolondo futhi namaprotheni, lipids kanye enzyme. Kuyinto unesibopho inqubo ekususeni futhi ngokufaka izinto yezinyoni, njengoba isithiyo osmotic. Isakhi esiyinhloko kuba iprotheni cytoplasmic. Lapha kulapho izinqubo amandla okunikela umsebenzi obalulekile wokuhlaziya amaseli. I-bacterium musa ngikhiphé-nucleus. izidakamizwa Kunalokho samanje yenuzi equkethe RNA ne-DNA.

I amakhemikhali ukwakheka kwamaseli

Isakhi esiyinhloko iseli webhaktheriya - amanzi. Kuthatha 80% isisindo ingqikithi lesi silwanyana. Nokho, izingxabano okuqukethwe kwawo kubonisa ukuthi mancane - cishe u-20%. amagciwane amaningi ngokwanele kahle ikubekezelele ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi (omiswe). Ngesikhathi izinqubo ezifanayo umzimba kuthiwa behlisa ijubane, bakhathala futhi angabe esaba zanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumaseli zihlanganisa amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, namaminerali, futhi acid nucleic.

amagciwane ukunyakaza

amaseli Amagcikwane enze ukunyakaza sibonga umzimba ekhethekile - le flagella. Lolu chungechunge-like ukwakheka mncane, inombolo nendawo ezihlukahlukene zabo. ukujiya yabo imayelana 0.01-0.03 microns. Kulokhu, ukukhomba izinhlobo eziningana. Uma omunye msila futhi itholakala kwelinye kakhulu - amagciwane anjalo ngokuthi monotorihami. Micro-eziphilayo lapho omunye zezingongolo kuyinto isixha flagella - lofotrihi monopolar. Labo-bacterium, okuyinto izigxobo ezibekwe imishayo, ngokuthi amfitrihami. Kodwa uma flagella asibekela bonke ubuso iseli, peritrichous. Enye indlela ukunyakazisa amagciwane - ukushelela. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngoba maseli kwehliswa amagagasi.

Indlela ukuzalela nezilwanyana ezincane. sporulation

Indlela yokuzalana ku-bacterium oluphakeme elula. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi leli ngqamuzana liyahlukana ku ezimbili, ukufinyelela usayizi ethile. Okokuqala it is enwetshiwe ke ukwahlukanisa transverse, amasethi amaseli zehluke izingongolo. Uma udale isimo, yilelo nalelo libe nesigaba amagciwane singenzeka njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu-20. Kodwa iningi eziphilayo zibulawa isenzo imvelo. Ukuze yokwedlulisela kwezimo ezingezinhle gciwane yakha ezinhlamvu. Kuleli zinga, bayakwazi ukulondoloza impilo ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Ngisho nasezimweni ezikhululekile kungenzeka ezidunjini ezomisiwe ezinhlamvu webhaktheriya lasendulo atholakele. Basuke benziwa izinhlobo eziningana: ngaphakathi, phakathi noma ekupheleni yezinyoni.

morphology-bacterium

Kuye ngesimo bacterium ku lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo oluthathwa:

1. Ball. Lezi amabhaktheriya kukhona causative ejenti zezifo ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zihlanganisa staphylococci (amagilebhisi abe ukuma), streptococci (eside ifomu chain). nezilwanyana ezincane zakamuva imbangela izinqubo ukuvuvukala futhi izifo ezifana angina, otitis, inyumoniya. amagciwane Staphylococcal kukhona causative amanxusa alimentary izifo pheshana, ubovu izinqubo. eziyingozi kakhulu Omele - Staphylococcus aureus.
2. Rod emise. Lolu hlobo has simise isilinda. Ngokuvamile akha ezinhlamvu. nezilwanyana ezincane ezinjalo zibizwa bacilli. Lezi amabhaktheriya kukhona causative ejenti yalesisifo.
3. Kuvunguza. It lethiwa ngenxa ijamo swirls. Lezi zihlanganisa spirilla ukuthi kukhona umzimba ngempela ayinangozi. Spirochetes avele ngentambo njengoba mncane elisontiwe. Amagciwane of ugcunsula - It is ukuthi lezi amabhaktheriya aziwayo.
4. Vibrio. Abameleli kulesi sigaba abe ukuma kancane lwalugobile. Sinenkosi isici esasenza: amabhaktheriya causative amelana imvelo ane-alikhali. Ezibangela izifo ezifana nekholera.
5. Mycoplasma. Isici yalolu hlobo iyona engekho cell ulwelwesi. Ngaphandle umzimba aphethe, bona abakwazi ukusebenza. Umbuzo hlobo luni kwamagciwane nezifo kuyindlela Mycoplasma igciwane likhona impendulo kahle elula: baba ikakhulukazi avuse ukubukeka izifo izinkomo noma izitshalo.

ikholera

Omunye izifo eziyingozi kakhulu iyona nekholera. Kuthinta lomgudu wokugaya ukudla bese kubangela ukudakwa ezinzima. Yini amagciwane kuyizinto causative ejenti ikholera? La magciwane Kwatholakala ngu Robert Koch. Vibrio cholerae has ukuma izinduku kancane agobile. Isici ehlukile ala magciwane - ukuhamba okusezingeni eliphezulu. Vibrio cholerae ingena emathunjini amancane futhi kukhona awashintsheki. Kube kuzala amaprotheni ubuthi, okuholela kahle amanzi-usawoti ibhalansi, umzimba emzimbeni kanzima. Ama-bacterium libhekene amelana imvelo ane-alikhali, kodwa elimazayo acid yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi okushisa aphansi abazenzi nabo kahle, abilayo ubulala kweso Vibrio cholerae. Ukonakala okungenziwa mhlawumbe nabo isiguli, ngokusebenzisa ukudla noma amanzi. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni izinsuku 5.

inyumoniya

Ukuvuvukala emaphashini - kokugula kunalokho sina engaholela ekufeni. Ikakhulukazi kanzima bazale abantwana nenyumoniya. Kungase kubangele amagciwane hhayi kuphela. Impendulo umbuzo onjani amagciwane kuyizinto causative ejenti zezifo, waziwa: i pneumococcus (90%). Futhi avuse ukubukeka ukuvuvukala izinqubo staphylococci (5%), kanye Streptococcus SPP. Ama-bacterium elise amavesi acinene nomphimbo.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu i-pneumonia - imfiva, iphika, ukudakwa jikelele umzimba. Omunye eziyingozi kakhulu iyona inyumoniya intrauterine. Kungaba kuvuse iqembu B streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa umkhuhlane. yebhaktheriya ziphathwe izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ezifana esemncane esiguli, esibhedlela kuyadingeka. Nezindlela zokugwema usebenzisa lokugoma ukukhuthaza ibele kuze kufinyelele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha (kuphela ubisi lwebele). Kubalulekile futhi ukuba ulandele inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu futhi umoya ohlanzekile endlini.

chlamydia

Kuye muva nje sekutholakele ukuthi ezihlobana amagciwane chlamydia. Yini isifo Amagciwane amabhaktheriya esifo kwezinhlobo? Okokuqala, bona kungabangela conjunctivitis, iso, izifo urogenital, trachoma. A uhlobo olukhethekile chlamydia kubangela inyumoniya kanye nezifo sibi zokuphefumula. Uma kuseli aphethe, angenziwa baqale ukuhlukanisa. Lonke umjikelezo kuthatha amahora angaba ngu-72, okuholela amangqamuzana alimele singabhujiswa. esiyingozi nakakhulu isifo esinjalo abesifazane. Kufeza indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni nenzalo. Uma kube ukutheleleka nge-chlamydia umbungu, kukhona awokuthi ukufa. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuba balungise ucwaningo ngaphambi uhlela ukukhulelwa, njengoba kukhona ngokuvamile isifo enjalo kwenzeka bezsimptomno.

izifo Mange nezinye

Kaningi, nayizimfundamakhwela uyazibuza amagciwane yini noma cha - Amagciwane utwayi. Lo is impela akunjalo. Lesi sifo, utwayi, kuvusa ngomnikelo omncane, okuyinto nabo isikhumba uqala ngokushesha nande, okubangela ukulunywa. Futhi nangu kwetintfo yalesi sifo - pyoderma, okusho ubovu lesion kwesikhumba - kungabangela amagciwane iqembu cocci. Njengoba ukwelashwa esetshenziswa yokugcoba ekhethekile, zokukhipha igciwane izingubo nelineni.

umbuzo Esiphuthumayo lokho amagciwane kuyizinto ejenti causative of ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B? Ngokuvamile, i-hepatitis - igama abajwayelekile ukuvuvukala isifo sesibindi. Amagciwane kubenze advantageously. Nokho, kukhona i-hepatitis webhaktheriya (nge leptospirosis noma ugcunsula). Leptospira, Treponema - ala magciwane kukhona causative ejenti zokusha kwesibindi.

Esinye isifo esiyingozi - umalaleveva. Lesi sifo zidlulele kubantu ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa yizinambuzane (umalaleveva omiyane). It kuhambisana imfiva, anda ubukhulu isibindi (futhi mhlawumbe ubende), izinga lokushisa eliphakeme. Uma isikhathi kungaqali ukwelashwa, kungase kuholele ekufeni. Amagciwane - amagciwane uhlobo lwe Plasmodium umalaleveva. Kuze kube manje, kukhona 4 izinhlobo nezilwanyana ezincane. Lowo esiyingozi kakhulu kungabangela umalaleveva tropica. Njengoba ubona, ama-bacterium kukhona Amagciwane, ezithinta eziyingozi futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.