I umkhathi

emkhathini woMhlaba kuyinto iplanethi emoyeni imvilophi, okubandakanya igesi futhi ukungcola ezifana nothuli, usawoti, noma amanzi imikhiqizo amandla omlilo, inani kubo akuyona njalo, ngokungafani kuya emakamu igesi. Cabanga ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokwakheka igesi umoya njengoba amaphesenti nitrogen - 78% Oxygen - 21%, Xenon - 8.7% hydrogen - 5%, i-nitrous oxide - 5% helium kubuye - 4.6%, neon - 1.8 %, i-methane - 1.7% Krypton - 1.1% argon - 0.9%, amanzi - 0.5% no-carbon dioxide - 0.03%.

I umkhathi kuhlanganisa umhwamuko, okuyinto kuyahlukahluka ngesikhathi nendawo kanye enkabeni iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva. Ingabe nekhono lokushintsha carbon dioxide, okuqukethwe kwawo kuxhomeke kulokho umuntu futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwayo. Aerosol izinhlayiya ezivezwa izinto ezenziwa abantu, ngokuvamile atholakala iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva futhi ezingeni ukuphakama enkulu, kodwa mBhalo zingabantu ngemithamo emincane.

Ngakho, umkhathi luyehluka kuye engamamitha. Ezingqimbeni ukuthi sekuseduze ukuba phansi, nenani carbon dioxide uyanda futhi umoya - sinciphile. Kwezinye izindawo kwandisa iphesenti methane nezinye amagesi anomthelela ukubhujiswa ungqimba lwe-ozone, ukubonakala Isivuvu kanye nemvula ene-asidi. Mayelana 10% of ukungcola emkhathini ngenxa izinqubo zemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo umlotha uyowela kuwo, acid sulfuric nezinye, kanye amagesi anobuthi. Futhi, umthombo sulphur is ezibolile izinsalela izitshalo, amanzi olwandle amaconsi futhi ushisa amahlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yamuva ukukhuthaza ukukhululwa kwe-VOC eyehlisiwe (compounds oluyingozi organic). Labo abasele abanga-90% of ukungcola, okuyiwona ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu emkhathini bawe ngenxa yomsebenzi womuntu. Lokhu kungaba, isibonelo, intuthu emkhathini, ukuguguleka komhlabathi, isitoreji imfucuza nokunye.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umkhathi inezendlalelo ezinhlanu, imingcele zazo zinqunywa okushisa, kuye umehluko ukumuncwa yokukhishwa kwemisebe.

Ngakho, ungqimba aphansi (iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva) uthola amagesi ebusweni bomhlaba. IThrojani efaka isimeli seseva yokuhlala ezimbili eziyinhloko izingxenye ukushaywa, nitrogen ne-oxygen. Futhi, lesi sendlalelo has inqwaba aerosols and umusi egeleza ngokusebenzisa ukuhwamuka ebusweni amanzi olwandle.

Lokhu kulandelwa i-Stratosphere, okuyinto has a Ukwakheka afana iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva. Nokho, lapha inani lamanzi umusi in izikhathi eziyinkulungwane kancane, futhi lwe-ozone ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyinkulungwane okukhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhathi siqukethe izinto ezihlukahlukene engcolisa futhi zibe nethonya eliyingozi ku eziphilayo. Ake ucabangele ezinye zazo.

1. Sulphur dioxide asakazeka emkhathini ukuhwamuka kwamanzi olwandle, ekushayweni amagesi nezinye izinqubo ezingokwemvelo, kanye amandla omlilo uphethiloli. Kukhona-ke ihlangana umhwamuko ukwakha sulfuric acid.

2. Carbon dioxide ezakhiwe omlilo izinkuni amafutha kanye nogwayi, kanye yangaphakathi omlilo engine.

3. I-VOC eyehlisiwe (isoprene, terpene ne-methane) kwamiswa ngenxa imisebenzi izitshalo zamakhemikhali, ezishisayo izitshalo amandla, kanye ukuhwamuka umswakama emasimini elayisi noma emaxhaphozini.

kwakhiwa 4. oxide (dioxide) nitrogen ne nokuntuleka oxygen amandla omlilo uphethiloli, nalapho semali ka amagesi qeda nentuthu oyikhiphayo e ezishisayo izitshalo amandla.

5. Photo-oxidants (PAN, formaldehyde-ozone) ekhiqizwa ngenxa zamakhemikhali ezenzeka nge ukubanjwa kweqhaza emisebeni yelanga.

Ngakho, ngo-umkhathi sifaka inqwaba izakhi ezahlukene kanye izinto. Ezinye zazo yilezi kubalulekile ukugcina umsebenzi eziphilayo emhlabeni, abanye ukudlala ngabo indima eziyingozi, sandla nokubhujiswa kwabo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya ingemukelwa esiningi izinto eziyingozi okungaba umphumela walokho kancane kancane olungathunaza.