Umlando Omfushane Rembrandt kanye nomsebenzi wakhe. Imisebenzi edume kakhulu by Rembrandt

Mfushane Biography of Rembrandt kanye nomsebenzi wakhe umelwe esihlokweni uyokwethula inkulumo nawe komunye abaculi okukhulu kunakho konke emlandweni. Rembrandt Harmensz Van Reyn (iminyaka yokuphila - 1606-1669) - umdwebi odumile Dutch, etcher futhi draftsman. Umsebenzi wakhe is ebuswa benesifiso baqonde okushiwo ukuphila, kanye nezwe kwangaphakathi yomuntu. Rembrandt wayenesithakazelo ingcebo nakho okungokomoya esivela kubantu. I lokusungula umdwebi - phezulu art Dutch kwekhulu le-17. Futhi, ubhekwa emakhasini ebaluleke kakhulu isiko kwezobuciko zomhlaba. Ngisho nabantu kude imidwebo, ziyazi ukuthi kuyasebenza. Rembrandt - kuyinto umculi emangalisayo, okuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi ngokuqinisekile uzoba nesithakazelo.

ifa Rembrandt nobuciko

Kakhulu ezihlukahlukene ifa kwezobuciko ukuthi asishiya. Rembrandt zaveza ekumeni, namathafa, namanje Lifes, izigcawu uhlobo. He qamba Imidwebo basezinganekwaneni, waseBhayibhelini, izingqikithi zomlando, kanye neminye imisebenzi. Rembrandt Yinkosi okungenakuqhathaniswa etching nemigwalo.

Life Leiden

ukuphila Rembrandt sika ngo-1620, okwakuyohambisana ukuqeqeshwa emfushane e-University of Leiden. Khona-ke wanquma ukuchitha ukuphila kwakhe art. Kuze kube yimanje, wafundiswa kuqala Leiden J. Van Svanenbyurha (iminyaka engaba ngu-1620-23), bese ku Amsterdam ngo P. Lastman (e 1623). Esikhathini kusuka 1625 kuya 1631 umculi wasebenza Leiden. Lapha wadala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala Rembrandt.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe ezihlobene kwesikhathi Leiden, libhekene ucinge zokudala abalobi ukuzimela, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bona kakhulu ukuthonya Lastman, kanye nabamele karavadzhizma Dutch. Njengoba isibonelo, umsebenzi "Ukuletha ethempelini", wadala eminyakeni engaba ngu-1628-29. I "Umphostoli UPawulu" (mayelana 1629-30 ngonyaka), kanye "USimeyoni ethempelini" (1631), umculi okokuqala yakhetha ukukhanya nethunzi njengendlela yokuthola kuklanyelwe ukuqinisa lo ngokomzwelo imiva kanye ugqozi izithombe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Rembrandt kanzima kwi-portrait. Watadisha sobuso.

iminyaka 1630 emphilweni Rembrandt

Isenzakalo esibalulekile zokuyinhloko zokuphila kwenzeka ngo 1632. Ukuhambisa Amsterdam imakwe Biography of the umculi Rembrandt. Biography sakhe ngokuphathelene nalesi sikhathi kanje.

Ngo-Amsterdam sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo umculi ngokushesha washada. Kwakuthinta okhethiweyo Saskia van Eylenburh patrician ocebile (portrait zaso letinikwe lapha ngenhla). Lona wesifazane wayesekhulile impela uyintandane. ubaba wakhe ilungu leBhodi Friesland, imeya Leeverdena. Saskia abafowethu ababili abameli. Phakathi kwezihlobo yowesifazane - amaningi izikhulu zikahulumeni kanye netifundziswa. Weza injabulo kumuntu engenabantu ugongolo endlini umdwebi. Rembrandt unikeze ikhaya izinto zalo eziningi ezingavamile, yaloko waba Museum yangempela. Master wachitha isikhathi esiningi isitolo okungenamsoco, at yokuthengisa indali. Wathenga yezicathulo kanye imidwebo, Indian kanye Chinese ezibaziweyo ngezinto ezingelutho, izikhali ezindala, imifanekiso eqoshiwe, crystal eziwusizo kanye china. Zonke lezi zinto ukukhonza njengoba ngemuva ukuze imidwebo, okuyinto edala. Bona waphefumulela mculi. Rembrandt wayethanda ukugqoka oshade naye velvet, brocade nosilika. Yena yithela wakhe nge amapharele kanye diamonds. Kalula futhi ngenjabulo wathatha ulolonge ukuphila kwakhe, egcwele lokusungula, umsebenzi nothando. Ngokuvamile iminyaka 1630 - Ngalesi sikhathi, umkhaya ujabule kakhudlwana futhi enempumelelo kukonke kwezobuciko.

1630 ekumeni sika

Zonke ekumeni okuqondene iminyaka 1630, khombisa ubuhlakani observation Rembrandt. Lokhu amyise Keyser, van der Helstom, Rubens uVan Dyck. Lezi imidwebo ngokuvamile senziwe ukukhanya flat isizinda grey. Ngokuvamile kukhona format okusaqanda yemisebenzi yakhe. Rembrandt wadala ekumeni ukuthi hit omkhulu plastic amandla. Yena izuzwe yokuncishiswa futhi chiaroscuro omnyama ngokuvumelana elimhlophe, kanye oqondile ubuke. Yonke imisebenzi agcwele izimfanelo, yabakhanga ukwakheka kanye kalula ashukumisayo. In the izithombe Amsterdam isikhathi, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu-Leiden, ukuthungwa bushelelezi. Rhythm isandla kuwumfuziselo (umculi ngamabomu alibonisi umuntu ngesandla). Lokhu, kanye sibalo amakhanda ujike sifana variability kanye transience Baroque.

Izimpawu ezinye eni of the 1630

Echaza nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi Rembrandt lesi sikhathi, asikwazi ubheke ekumeni adalwe kuye. Abasakwazi eziningi. umsebenzi Rembrandt esithi "Isifundo Anatomy uDkt Tyulpa" (ngenhla) yadalwa 1632. Kuyo umbhali innovatively wasondela ikhambi yenkinga isithombe iqembu, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi ukwakheka yasiphendula ekhululekile. Rembrandt uye wahlanganisa bonke abantu abakulezo ukucinga indikimba yendaba, ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lo msebenzi bamlethela udumo okukhulu.

Ngamanye ekumeni adalwe oda eziningi, umculi wamnikela ngokucophelela izingubo, izici zobuso, ubucwebe. Esinye isibonelo - umsebenzi "Portrait of burgrave" eyabhalwa ngo 1636 Garmens Rembrandt Van Reyn. Life kanye umsebenzi noma yimuphi umculi kuhlobene. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphezulu ezihlukahlukene mahhala Ukwakheka ekumeni zabantu eduze Rembrandt, kanye self-portraits yakhe (omunye wabo, elisungulwe 1634, uvezwa ngenhla). Umdwebi akesabi ulinge, uzama imiva ngokwengqondo. Kube kufanele ngokuthi njengoba self-portrait, wadala e 1634, futhi "Smile Saskia", ebhalwe ngo-1633.

Umdwebo Famous "Merry Inkampani", noma "Self-Portrait nge Saskia" (isithombe umsebenzi owethulwe ngenhla), uye abaqede kwalesi sikhathi. Wawuthi emhlabeni 1635 Rembrandt Van Reyn. Ukuphila umsebenzi umculi ngendlela ekhethekile kudalulwe kulo msebenzi. Kuyo, yasihlephula ngesibindi ne canons ke ekhona. Isithombe ivelele ngendlela khulula yokudweba iletha bukhoma sokuqanjwa, ayigcwalisa ukukhanya, ukuziqinisa nokuba nombono, Iphalethi ezimibalabala.

izingoma iBhayibheli futhi izigcawu basezinganekwaneni 1630

Eminyakeni 1630, umdwebi wadala nokwenziwa kwayo waseBhayibhelini. Omunye futhi elalidume kunawo wonke - "The Umhlatshelo ka-Abrahama." Libhekisela 1635. izingoma eziseBhayibhelini sikhathi kuphawulwa ithonya Italian Umdwebo Baroque. Effect Its kubonakala Dynamics Ukwakheka (eziningana ophoqelelwe), ukukhanya nethunzi kokuqhathanisa, nokucija engeli.

Ngo umsebenzi Rembrandt sikhathi, endaweni ekhethekile kungokwalabo izigcawu basezinganekwaneni. Umdwebi akazange ukulandela imithetho namasiko zakudala canons, aziphonse inselele ngokugqamile. Omunye imisebenzi, okungase ebhalwe la - kungcono "Kudlwengulwa Ganymede" (1635).

"Danae"

Ukwakheka omkhulukazi ngokuthi "Danaus" komculo ngokugcwele tebuciko ukubukwa Rembrandt. Kulesi umsebenzi, kubonakala sengathi ungena kanjani impikiswano ethile abaculi omkhulu Yenguquko. Rembrandt ukuboniswa nude Danae ayihambisani izimiso classical. Umdwebi kwenziwa lo msebenzi nge iletha namaqiniso, nesibindi esikhulu ngesikhathi sawo. Waqhathanisa enhle, umqondo-ngokomzimba ubuhle izithombe adalwe amakhosi isiNtaliyane, ubuhle okungokomoya futhi imfudumalo umuzwa womuntu.

eminye imisebenzi

Futhi eminyakeni 1630, Rembrandt esiningi yayizimisele ukusebenza ubuciko oqoshiwe futhi etching. Kungaphawulwa ezifana imisebenzi yakhe ngokuthi "yebhangqa nokuzula" futhi "Umdayisi of noshevu wamagundane." Umdwebi futhi wadala imidwebo ipensela ngokufingqiwe isitayela nesibindi esikhulu.

lokusungula Rembrandt sika 1640

Le minyaka bekulokhu ukungqubuzana phakathi imisebenzi innovative Rembrandt nezimfuno elinganiselwe kakhulu babantu besikhathi sakhe. Kusobala ukuthi le mpi wazibonakalisa 1642. Khona-ke umsebenzi Rembrandt sika "Ebusuku Buka" iye yabangela ababhikishi abanodlame amakhasimende. Abazange ukuthatha umcondvo lobalulekile mculi. Rembrandt iqembu esikhundleni Kwesimo evamile ukuboniswa ithrekhi namaqhawe-iyokhushulwa, lapho abacibishelayo alamu Guild ophumile. Lokho, kwaba, ungase uthi, isithombe zomlando. Yena waphaphama abantu besikhathi izinkumbulo impi wenkululeko ezilwiwa ngabantu Dutch.

Ngemva lo msebenzi yehlile ukuthutheleka oda Rembrandt sika. Ukuphila kwayo kwadluliselwa lonakaliswe lokufa Saskia. Ngo 1640, ngesikhathi umsebenzi umculi elahlekelwa ukuvelela kwawo yangaphandle. Ishidi isici esikhuthazayo ngaye ekuqaleni, naye wanyamalala. Rembrandt waqala ukuloba ethule uhlobo nengokomBhalo izigcawu, egcwele ukusondelana ukufudumala. Kuzo wambula shades ezicashile imizwa, imizwa nokuzwelana, ukusondelana. Phakathi kwalezi, kufanele kuphawulwe, esithi "Umkhaya Engcwele" 1645, kanye isithombe "uDavide noJonathani" (1642).

Njengoba kule sheduli, kanye Umdwebo by Rembrandt kuba play nakakhulu ezicashile kakhulu obangelwa ukukhanya nethunzi. Lwenza isimo ekhethekile - olujulile ngokomzwelo, amadlingozi. Kufanele kuqashelwe omkhulukazi ishidi ingcaca Rembrandt "Angamakhulu Guilder Phrinta," futhi "ishidi eziyikhulu guilder," waqala eminyakeni engaba ngu-1642-46. Kudingeka nokuba ushayele landscape e 1643 "izihlahla ezintathu" egcwele kokukhanya nomoya Dynamics.

iminyaka 1650 emsebenzini Rembrandt

Kwaphawulwa nezilingo ekuphileni sina okwakhuthazelelwa umculi. Lokho 1650 iqala kwesikhathi ukuvuthwa akhe okudala. Rembrandt uqala ngokuya ujike ngayo udaba lomdwebo. Yena iveza abantu abaseduze naye. Phakathi kwalezi, kuyafaneleka ekumeni eminingi ye Hendrickje Stoffels, umka umculi yesibili. Libuye ephawulekayo ngempela ezidalwe 1654 "Portrait of isalukazi." Ngo-1657 umculi zaveza omunye umsebenzi yakhe edumile - ". INdodana Thithu Ukufundwa"

Izithombe zabantu abavamile nabantu asebekhulile

Izithombe zabantu abavamile, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile, ngokwethukela bakhangwa mculi. Ziyakwazi emisebenzini yakhe owumthombo ingcebo nokuhlakanipha kwempilo engokomoya. Ngo-1654, Rembrandt wadala "Portrait yomfowabo unkosikazi umculi sika", futhi 1652-1654 - "Portrait i Nendoda Endala e Red" (ngenhla). Painter aqale abe nesithakazelo izandla zakhe nobuso, okuyinto zikhanyiswa ukukhanya esithambile. Babonakala wahlwithwa ebumnyameni. izibalo elinesimo kulingisa ngokulambisa lizwakale ebusweni. Ibonisa ukunyakaza eziyinkimbinkimbi imizwa yabo nemicabango. Rembrandt alternates ukukhanya pasty umudwa webhulashi, okwenza kobuso Umdwebo anombala ocwazimulayo chiaroscuro kanye anemibala egqamile.

nesimo esinzima kwezezimali

Ngo 1656, umdwebi limenyezelwe yimali, ushiya konke okungokwakhe wangena phansi isando. Rembrandt waphoqeleka ukuba athuthele ikota esingumJuda emzini Amsterdam. Lapha wacitsa imphilo yakhe yonkhe izimo zincane.

umsebenzi Creative ngu Rembrandt Harmensz Van Reyna 1660s

izingoma eziseBhayibhelini wadala eminyakeni 1660, wafingqa Rembrandt bazindle ngencazelo zokuphila. Encwadini yakhe ethi ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona imidwebo enikelwe Ukungqubuzana ukukhanya nobumnyama kwaqala ngo umphefumulo womuntu. Inani imisebenzi ngale ndaba eyenziwe Rembrandt Harmenszoon Van Reyn, biography nohlu imidwebo okuyinto sinesithakazelo. Phakathi nale misebenzi thina kudingeka uvume umsebenzi elithi "umAsiriya, uHamani no-Esther ', wadala 1660; futhi "UDavide Uri" noma "uphonsa Amana" (1665). Basuke izimpawu ngendlela nezimo sokuloba, ububanzi efudumele ayegcwele, eziyinkimbinkimbi ngomala evele, play hard yokukhanya nasethunzini. Konke lokhu kumele kube umculi ukuba embule nakho ngokomzwelo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi izingxabano, ukuphasiswa ekunqobeni ezinhle phezu okubi.

Umdwebo zomlando ngu Rembrandt ngokuthi "Uzungu kukaKlawudiyu Civilis", eyaziwa nangokuthi i-"Uzungu we Batavians," yadalwa 1661. It is igcwele ubuqhawe nemdlalo nokhahlo.

"I Ukubuya Esaphazayo"

umculi wadala umsebenzi "The Return of the Esaphazayo" Ngonyaka odlule kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Kuhlawumbiselwa kusukela eminyakeni 1668-69. Lokhu ngendwangu omkhulukazi iyingqayizivele ezinkulu Rembrandt. It komculo zonke ngombono zokuziphatha futhi ngenxa yobuhle nokusikwa kwezobuciko, nobuntu kwesikhathi ngasekupheleni yomsebenzi wakhe. Umdwebi ne amakhono eziphakeme kulolu ifilimu idale lonke ngemizwelo yabantu ehlukahlukene profound eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lobuciko usebona abangaphansi ubuhle ukudalulwa intethelelo, isihawu nokuqonda. Ngo emifushane ukuthinta ekhululekile futhi izikhundla komculo umvuthwandaba ushintsho voltage a egculisayo ekuxazululeni izinzwa izifiso. In the photo, esemgwaqweni ngenhla, ungabona kuba umsebenzi wokugcina Rembrandt.

Ukufa Rembrandt, ukubaluleka lokusungula

Umdwebi abadumile Dutch, etcher futhi draftsman washona ngo-Amsterdam 4 Okthoba, 1669 Harmensz Van Reyn Rembrandt, omisebenzi yakhe zaziwa futhi abathandwa abaningi, lunomthelela omkhulu ukuqhubeka imidwebo. Lokhu kubonakala hhayi kuphela imisebenzi abafundi bakhe, babo Carel Fabritius bawaqonde Rembrandt oseduze kunabo bonke, kodwa futhi ulwazi emisebenzini yabantu umculi Dutch ngamunye, ngaphezulu noma zincane. Izithombe abaculi abaningi zibonisa umthelela umculi onjalo afana ngazo Rembrandt Van Reyn. Umsebenzi wobuciko "Swamp", ogama kumbhali - Jacob van Ruisdael - Cishe omunye imisebenzi enjalo. Ibonisa ingxenye ehlane ihlathi ivele igcwale amanzi. Lesi sithombe uthela kuwumfuziselo.

Esikhathini esizayo, uye waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni art namaqiniso bebonke, Rembrandt okukhulu. Okupendiweyo Biography of isithakazelo saso futhi eziningi zabantu kuze kube namuhla. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe ngempela ngempela eziwusizo. Ubuciko ngu Rembrandt, incazelo eminingi yayo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, namanje ugqozi abaculi.