Fedorovsky Monastery, Pereslavl: Uhambo kanye nokubuyekeza

Ngo 1304 eduze Pereslavl yayisekelwe Isigodlo, egcwele lesikhumbuzo ukuze izenzakalo ezenzeka lapha ngoJuni 8 kwalowo nyaka. Ngalolusuku ngo ezimfundeni, elakhelene edolobheni, ibutho lama-Moscow Prince Yuri Danilovich wahlulwa amaqhawe iSikhulu Tver Mikhail Yaroslavovych. Intengo enhle wegazi ngalolo suku wahlulwa Russian Russian. Izinyembezi kwabafelokazi nezintandane bagcwala Trophies yabo ngokuwina. Nokho, umlando Russia kwakukhona izibonelo eziningi ezinjalo.

Ngaphansi ukusekelwa Grand Dukes

Kusukela ngalolo suku kwesibhamu iSonto Lobu-Orthodox igubha inkumbulo Engcwele Omkhulu Martyr Feodora Stratilata, indlu yezindela eyasungulwa enkundleni, ugcwala igazi udade, yaqanjwa ngokuthi behlonipha yakhe. Ekuqaleni, kwaba owesilisa, futhi njengoba kufakazelwa yetinsita phakathi kwezindela lakhe ibingamashumi kubahlanganyeli lezo zenzakalo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl) wavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIV, ubufakazi lokuqala ebhaliwe sisebenta kuphela 1511, lapho eMoscow Imithetho Grand Prince Vasily III - uyise ku-internet Ivana Groznogo. Kusukela zemihla zomlando yaleyo minyaka kuyaziwa ukuthi Isigodlo ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ngempela echumayo kwadingeka impahla yabo ezweni hhayi kuphela enkulu enezindonga amakhaya amaningi nabalimi abancane, kodwa futhi eziyigugu izinto ebandleni.

Leyo ukuchuma enviable ngenxa yokuthi Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl) balujabulela ukusekelwa ekhaya Prince, lapho wahamba esivulekile njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhetha umbusi nabakhulu wedolobha, magange ukubonisa ukwethembeka, hhayi stinting, wathumela abode imali futhi zonke izinhlobo value.

Isipho yinkosi esesabekayo

Waqhubeka isiko oyise, Tsar Ivan le Kubi. On ngesikhathi sokuzalwa Meyi 11, 1557 indodana futhi indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi - Ngokuzayo eNgophezukonke Fodora Ioannovicha - wamnika sezindela Fedorovsky izimali ukwakhiwa isonto lombhishobhi walondoloza ukuba izinsuku zethu.

Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl), ogama izakhiwo kuyinto lulonke lusesimweni isikhumbuzo acacile bokwakha isonto isiRashiya, injalo zamanje iqala lombhishobhi, egcwele izakhiwo bayo basendulo. Ekuqaleni, ngokuvumelana abaklami konke uhlobo eveza amandla nokuqina. omkhulu wakhe imphakamisele phezulu ngaphezu komhlabathi isakhiwo yagcotshwa ne domes ezinhlanu, isethwe ukukhanya izigubhu enamandla, usike ewumngcingo amafasitela mpo. Emakhulwini eminyaka alandela leli sonto lakhiwa izikhathi eziningana wahlulele ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni, singakwazi kuleto letichazwe lokusinda kuphela.

Kara Nkosi

Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl) yathatha ngempumelelo kuze 1667, kuze kube leli dolobha labhekana thusa bhicongo - ubhubhane lwe zezinhlupho. Zezindleko umufi waya zamakhulu, masinyane kwaba isikhala esanele nabo edolobheni emathuneni. Yazi i-yezono zabantu selikhathele ukubekezela kweNkosi, kodwa intukuthelo yakhe ezichithekile ikakhulukazi amadoda. Bavame baba yizisulu zalesi sifo.

Ngenxa yalokho, lapho imithandazo abakhileyo uSomandla ibuye edolobheni ukuhlasela, futhi lo mqedazwe kuqedwa ngo Pereslavl kwesokunxele isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa abafelokazi amantombazane eziyizintandane ababe udzimelele akukho la engingaya khona kodwa esigodlweni sezindela. Kodwa futhi kungenzeka ingozi isidingo ngokungabi bikho esigodlweni edolobheni.

Ukudala nunnery

Ngokushesha kwafika uquqaba usizo umfel 'ukholo kusukela dolobha eMoscow. Umbusi zenzisa Alexis, deigned ukuba esosizini, kwesokudla Wabe eseyala inzalamizi Joseph nakanjani ziyisiphephelo abafelokazi izintombi imiphefumulo yabo (kahle, nemizimba, vele). Kule ndaba, kwanqunywa ukuba abanike owesilisa Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl), iguqulwe ibe wentombazane.

Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka izakhamuzi, ubani ngemva ubhubhane wayengazange ngasinda angaphezu kweshumi nambili, zithunyelwe kwezinye izikhungo zezindela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkosi nobaba anikezwe elalisanda kumiswa esigodlweni ezishisiwe izindawo ezweni, ukuqeda ukukhathazeka mayelana izindelakazi okokuzisekela.

Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl), isithombe okuyinto ethulwa iphepha ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII ungeze izakhiwo nakakhulu ezimbili, kanye nendlu yayo yesonto enkulu main, zasinda. It is elimiswe 1710 isonto Vvedensky, nokukodwa ngaphezulu - isibhedlela, yokudumisa Kazan Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, ezakhiwe ngemva kweminyaka emine. Ngamunye wabo kuyinto esithakazelweni esingavamile kuthabathela ecaleni zomlando, futhi kwezobuciko.

ukwelukwa German i sezindela Orthodox

Kwenzeka inqaba, iphuzu esiphezulu lalichumile safinyelela Isigodlo phakathi nokubusa uPetru mina, uma abanye sezindela eziningi nezikhathi kanzima emlandweni walo. Iqiniso lokuthi, kulo lonke pragmatic, umbusi akazange ashade, elandela isibonelo amandulela, kungagcini iminikelo ngezikhathi ezithile futhi wafundisa izindela imali ngokwabo. On oda wakhe ngesikhathi sezindela wavulwa workshop ukwelukwa, lapho yonke le nqubo waqhubeka ubuchwepheshe waboleka eJalimane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-emperor wayala (futhi zama ukwenza!), Lokho indela ngamunye uye wawazi kahle lo msebenzi ngokuqinisekile ukufundisa lokhu indela abasha noma abangazi lutho. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi lokhu kubonakala ukukhula nodadewethu abangokomoya, kodwa ngokuya impahla umphumela yayisobala. Ngenxa imikhiqizo yayo izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu Hambayo Abeluki Izigodlo kwadingeka ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi, futhi ukuqamba emfuleni agelezela yengcebo sezindela.

Ukuphela zokuceba

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, lapho Russia sihlangabezane nokukhula ngokushesha ukukhiqiza i-capitalism, odade abakwazanga ukuncintisana ngempumelelo ukwelukwa izimboni ezinkulu eziye kwavela lizwe agcwalisa emakethe nemikhiqizo yabo eshibhile. Ngenxa yalokho, Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl), umlando lapho ngaleso sikhathi lalinabashumayeli cishe engamakhulu ayisithupha edlule, abampofu futhi zahamba ubala, yadedela nezinye, zezindela kangcono-Russian. Kodwa lab 'odade akazange alahlekelwe inhliziyo.

Zibancishe lalichumile wangaphambili impahla, indlu yezindela inokuthile ngaphakathi. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX khona babeyizindela mayelana anamakhulu mahlanu. Ngalesi sikhathi ukuphila Izigodlo babenezinkinga ngomunye abbesses ezimatasa - Abbess Eugenia. imibhalo yakhe ukudla ezivamile Yakhiwa, ukuze ngamunye lab 'odade kwase ithuba bengabheki ukudla, ukubhekana kuyindaba eyabelwe yona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngesikhathi sezindela eziqhutshwa izikole ezine ngesifundiso izingane khulula abahlali abampofu Pereslavl.

Ngaphansi kwegunya uNkulunkuluj

Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1917, kuze uhulumeni omusha ngenxa "injabulo jikelele" akusho bebona kudingekile uqede Isigodlo, izikole ivaliwe, izindela ukuhlakaza, futhi abbess yabo lisebenza ngokweqile ukuthumela iminyaka eminingi emakamu. Ukuya emuva isalukazi bagongobaliswe kakade, wachitha iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe eduze emasangweni Izigodlo.

Ngemva Fedorov esigodlweni (Pereslavl) sivaliwe, yakha mphakathi omncane onabantu izindelakazi, uzama ngale ndlela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha, kodwa ngo-1923 kwathiwa siphela. Okukhulu kakhulu izakhiwo, eyayikade ivalwe oluqinile, wasebenzisa uhulumeni omusha futhi emafektri kanye njengoba izakhiwo zezimboni. Ngesinye isikhathi lapho wabekwa ngisho ikoloni izigebengu engamahlongandlebe. Ngemva kwempi, endaweni wanikezwa anawo omunye amayunithi ngesikhathi, futhi kamuva kwaku Research Institute.

Ukubuyisela amathempelana bawona

Ukubuya Isigodlo engcwele nempahla leSonto Lobu-Orthodox balandela ngo-1998, lapho ngenxa yezinguquko izinqubomgomo kahulumeni inkolo okuningi kwalokho ezazithathwe ngokungemthetho, wabuyela abanikazi babo bangaphambili.

Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala imisebenzi sokubuyiselwa waqala, kuze kube sekupheleni alikapheli kuze kube yilolu suku. Kodwa ngisho engenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubuyisela ekuphileni okugcwele Izigodlo esigodlweni sezindela. Kuzo zonke emasontweni amathathu labetibambile zokukhulekela kanye emikhosini engokwenkolo kuyenziwa. Inombolo ephelele izindelakazi isencane kakhulu, kodwa inani labo ezikhulayo minyaka yonke, futhi benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze ubuyisele Isigodlo ubukhulu yayo yangaphambili. Kodwa lezo zinkinga eziningi.

Ilinde isimangaliso

Njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezimweni ezinjalo, akudingeki imali eyanele ukuze amboze nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva hhayi amasonto kuphela, kodwa futhi wonke Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl). Uhambo ihlelwe njengoba izinhlangano izivakashi kanye nobuholi be-Isigodlo, ulethe imali ethile, kodwa ukusungula zonke izinhlelo zakhe akwanele.

Sisters kulesi senzakalo wathi ukuthi ukulinda isimangaliso, okuyinto uyokwambulwa abanye lokuthi zenzisa ngokuvamile njengoba kwenzekile esikhathini esidlule. Nokho, kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka ayisikhombisa umlando lezindela uJehova izikhathi eziningi uschedryal kuye ngesihe saKhe, lelo themba izindelakazi kuyaqondakala futhi abangele ukuzwelwa.

Uhambo lokuya kanye izinkambo

Namuhla, baba usizo olukhulu kulesi Eqinisweni kukhathaza wukuthi iningi izivakashi Pereslavl phakathi kwezinye zalo ezikhangayo futhi uvakashele Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl). Izimpendulo ezivela kulabo ababeba khona kulo, kanye nemigqondo umhlangano nalo lesikhumbuzo of Russian-Orthodox aqukethe kukhulunywa zesonto, ngaphambilini emathempelini yakhe, ukubamba iqhaza ezinkonzweni zenkolo kanye emikhosini yenkolo. Konke lokhu, ngaphezu inzuzo elikhulu elingokomoya-pilgrim, futhi kuletha ngenzuzo esigodlweni sezindela, okungukuthi, umnikeza imali iningi, izinto ukuntuleka kwazo ayikuvumeli ukufaka loluhlelo ngokuphelele yonke umjikelezo we umsebenzi wokubuyisela.

Ukufunda amarekhodi pilgrim kwesokunxele encwadini isimenywa Isigodlo, futhi kumawebhusayithi abo, ngenxa yezimo abhekene banake yokuthi iningi labo yinhloko izindonga sezindela elihunyushwe okuvelayo ngokuthi umuzwa ongavamile namolennye abhidliza izindonga zayo. Lo muzwa, yebo wonke amakholwa, ugijima like intambo ebomvu amarekhodi abantu abaningi abaye bavakashela Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl).

Ukubuyekeza, kodwa ayitholakali endaweni yayo inkolo, futhi ezithakazelisayo. Ezwa amadlingozi eyisihluthulelo ukuxhumana umlando ophilayo wezwe lakithi. Lokhu akusona isimanga, njengoba muzi wasendulo kanye maphakathi yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu Grand Duchy eMoscow Isigodlo ongcwele - izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu esingokomoya sabantu Rus sidilizwa.