Umlando ice cream. Ubani owasungula ice cream?

Ice cream umkhiqizo eqandisiwe ezinoshukela, okuyinto ngokuvamile kudliwa njengoba isidlo noma dessert. Umbuzo ka owasungula ayisikhilimu akulula. inqubo yayo ukukhiqizwa siphasise kwemvelo abalulekile. Namuhla, ngokuvamile ezenziwe imikhiqizo yobisi - ubisi noma ukhilimu - kuhlanganiswe izithelo noma nezinye izithako dessert. Ngokuvamile, ukhilimu yesimanje ezinoshukela nge sucrose, corn isiraphu, umoba, i-sugar beet noma ezinye okokunandisa like. Namuhla, flavorings ehlukahlukene udayi asetshenziswa ngaphezu stabilizers.

Ingxube kwakudalwa, uyifaka kwi-izikhala emoyeni, futhi selehlile ngaphansi kwezinga-qhwa yamanzi ukuvimbela ukwakheka ice zinhlayiya. Lena incazelo zakudala, kodwa uma bekulokhu?

Kuyini lokhu?

Ukuqonda igama elithi "u-ice cream" kungaba ezahlukene emazweni ahlukene. Imishwana enjengethi, "yogurt eqandisiwe", "Gelato", "sorbet", "luphuzi eqandisiwe" kanye nezinye isetshenziswa selisho izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye flavour. Kwamanye amazwe, kwencazelo "ice cream 'sisebenza kuphela uhlobo oluthile umkhiqizo, kanye nenani izithako eziyisisekelo. Izitsha ukuthi musa nemfuneko, kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda dessert eqandisiwe ", njalo njalo. D.

Namuhla, cishe wonke amazwe ungathola uju eyenziwe zokwelapha ngaphandle ubisi cow sika. Ngakho, yenza kusukela semvu noma ubisi bembuzi, noma wengeze yemifino esikhundleni sakhe (isib, soy noma Tofu).

Ice cream kungenziwa ngakhonza nezitsha ice cream nokudla ngesipuni noma inkomishi nezimpondo ikhotha. Kungaba ukukhonzwa nezinye kophudingi ezifana apple pie. Yisebenzise ukupheka nezinye izitsha, kuhlanganise milkshakes.

Indaba okukhona

Ubani owasungula le yokuqala ice cream? Emuva e-5th ekhulwini BC, amaGreki asendulo badla iqhwa ixutshwe noju nezithelo. Lokhu uju ithengiswe ezimakethe lase Athens laligcwele izithixo. Zonke UHippocrates eyaziwa belulekwa iziguli zakhe ukudla ice, bakubheka njengobuthakathaka izindlela ukuze ngivuselele amabutho ezibalulekile.

Esikhathini 4th ekhulwini BC, Aleksandra Makedonskogo ozithandayo uswidi kwaba iqhwa ixutshwe noju nompe.

Frozen ubisi irayisi ngxube wasebenzisa abangaba ngu-200 BC. e. e-China. AmaShayina bengithulula nenye iqhwa saltpetre phezu esibuthakathaka egcwele isiraphu. Lobu buchwepheshe kwehlisa kwezinga-qhwa ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Ngakho-ke kunzima ukusho what century yasungulwa ice cream.

Amanye amazwe baye baba izitsha ezifanayo. Ngo-400 BC. e. NamaPheresiya futhi wasungula ukudla ekhethekile chilled, eyenziwe rose amanzi noodle, okwakubekelwa ababebakhonza ice ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Ice ngesikhathi esifanayo nesafroni, izithelo kanye nezinye flavour ahlukahlukene wanezela.

Roman uNero (37-68 AD. E.) Nge ice eyaletha ashisayo futhi ixubene izithelo flavour ukwakha sezibiliboco chilled. Yiqiniso, ngeke sikwazi ukusho ukuthi uJehova waqale necebo ayisikhilimu, kodwa lolu iresiphi - sibonelo abaseduze we sorbet yesimanje.

Ephakathi

Ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha Mongol ababusi wasebenzisa nabagibeli okusheshayo ukuletha ice kusuka Hindu Kush eDelhi ukuze ukuyisebenzisa izithelo nama-dessert. Ngakho, ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, beveza-ayisikhilimu, kunzima kunoma yiliphi izwe. Kodwa lesi sidlo bayazisa ngokushesha futhi aqhubeka aguquka.

Duchess Italian Ekaterine Medichi udumo ethula ice cream ukuze eYurophu ekhulwini le-16. Ngokusho yetinsita zomlando lapho Medici wayeshade iNkosana Orleans ngonyaka 1533, uye amphathele France abapheki eziningana Italian ababesebenzisa zokupheka ice enongiwe noma sorbet. Umbuzo lapho beveza-ayisikhilimu I-leresiphi, futhi engakaze kudalulwe. Kodwa dessert Amukelwa kahle la ma kakhulu.

Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva, uCharles I (King of England) wesikhwama wahlabeka umxhwele kakhulu dessert ice esikunika umpheki impesheni esaphila njengoba inkonzo ukuze kulondolozwe ice cream iresiphi imfihlo le dessert kuphela kungumsebenzi wasebukhosini. Nokho, abukho ubufakazi zomlando ukusekela nokufunda kulezi zinganekwane, okuyinto uqala ukuvela ekhulwini le-19.

Ubani owasungula ice cream zokupheka for mass?

Indlela ice lokuqala enongiwe French uvele 1674 e iqoqo elikhulu. Ukupheka Tips sorbets nazo eshicilelwe ngo 1694 e imithombo eminingana isiNgisi, bese ngokuphindaphindiwe zibhaliwe. Ekuqaleni lezi izincomo engenza isidlo ephethe ukunambitheka anolaka, nge nezixhobo ezinkulu zeqhwa. Ngemva kwalokho, labapheki baye babonisa ukuthi abantu ice yangempela ukhilimu kufanele ibe ukungaguquguquki ezondile ushukela ice fake sikhuntile.

Ukunwetshwa ukuthandwa

Emazweni amaningi aseMedithera, ayisikhilimu ibisitholakala wonkana kuze kube yingxenye 2nd kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Oluyisibiliboco Yayishibhile futhi kusakazeke maphakathi yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye eNgilandi, lapho ngo 1851 i abakwamanye amazwe kusuka Switzerland Carlo Gatti wavula esitolo sokuqala Charing Cross, ifakwe Umbukiso ukupholisa zavezwa umnikazi. Lobu buchwepheshe kube yimpumelelo, futhi ngokushesha zamaqhwa ephathekayo yaqala ukubonakala yonke indawo.

Ukukhuluma ngokuthi ubani owasungula le ayisikhilimu, akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana sibalo ezifana Agnes Marshall, okuyinto kubhekwa "iNdlovukazi zogwadule" eNgilandi. Yena ngenkuthalo yawenza zokupheka okukhona futhi kwenza kwaba ukusetshenziswa imfashini phakathi kwabantu ongaswele lutho. Wawuthi izincwadi ezine mayelana ice cream, futhi wayevame ukunikeza izinkulumo zeningi ngokupheka. Marshall waze ngisho wasikisela ukusebenzisa liquid nitrogen ukulungiselela dessert chilled kakhulu.

izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo

Okuyisidina ukungaguquguquki ice cream zasungulwa emazweni 1870s futhi ngokushesha kwaduma. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kwavela 1874 chef wakhe American Robert Green, kodwa eqinisweni akudingeki ubufakazi iyiphi kanzima lokhu. Ithi lapho futhi lapho yasungulwa ice cream, futhi, uhlukile. Kukholakala ukuthi okokuqala wabonakala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kwelinye amazwe akhuluma isiNgisi. Emhlabeni nenkathi efanayo, abapheki eziningana umangalele ukuthi kuqala wadala izithelo kanye berry ice cream zonke emhlabeni, kodwa akekho iresiphi yasekuqaleni liye lalondolozwa. Njengoba legend, izithelo reinvent embodiments ukusetshenziswa njengendlela umkhiqizo zemifino.

Ukwanda ukuthandwa

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akekho owakwazi ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, kulokho ekhulwini yasungulwa ayisikhilimu (ice cream, sorbet, Gelato), ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni zenani okukhona kwavela isigamu kwekhulu lama-20 ngosuku lwesibili ngemva ifriji ezishibhile kwakuvamile. Kwakuthinta kuleyo minyaka kuye kwaba khona "indumezulu" langempela ukukhiqizwa ice cream flavour futhi ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo. Abathengisi ngokuvamile ligcwaliswe ngesisekelo ukwehluka. Kwakukhona ezindaweni zokudayisa ukuthi ngokukhethekile kule uju. Sha edume kakhulu namuhla "Baskin Robbins", okuyinto langena emakethe nge 31 ukunambitheka, futhi akashintshi namasiko alo. isiqubulo yenkampani - ajabulele zonke izinsuku lwenyanga. Okwamanje, le nkampani inama ukuthi idale kuka 1,000 izinhlobo.

esithambile ice cream

Intuthuko enkulu kwaba kokusungulwa kwekhulu lama-20, elithambile ice cream, okuyinto yakhiwa umoya ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe yayo ukukhiqizwa kangangokuthi izindleko ziyancipha kakhulu. ukuqhubeka ukukhiqizwa ice cream ezithambile kuye kwaholela ukuvela imishini ekhethekile, embossing mass esilucwecwana Isigaxa. Namuhla, lesi sidlo inikezwa njengoba ezimele bethenga sites, kanye amanethiwekhi ukudla okusheshayo.