Umhlanganyeli observation in kwengqondo, journalism kanye kwabantu

Umhlanganyeli observation uba omunye Ukwaziswa ukuhlangana amasu. It has ngezigaba zayo, okuyinto ngenxa ukuqoqwa indaba, ukuma isikhathi futhi njalo esifundweni, kanye namanye imingcele esiphila kuzoveza kulesi sihloko.

Umhlanganyeli observation - indlela kolwazi ukuthola, okuyinto esetshenziswa eyala ehlukahlukene ehlobene cwaningo zokuziphatha kwabantu: journalism, Psychology, futhi kwabantu.

Ngakho, e-Psychology le ndlela is avame ukusetshenziswa Amasimu ezemfundo, nomphakathi kanye zentuthuko.

Ngo kwabantu kanye journalism observation futhi iyindlela yokuthola ulwazi mayelana into noma isimo.

Kuzo zonke izinkomba-ndlela, kungashiwo kuhlangene ukuhlola lapho umcwaningi kudala izimo ethize iqembu labantu futhi ubukele izenzakalo nendlela ezisabela ngayo. Manje thina uqhubekele ngezigaba indlela observation.

Umhlanganyeli waphawula: ovulekile futhi ezifihliwe

• Vula observation libhekene yokuthi umcwaningi, ukuthola iqembu labantu oziphatha unesithakazelo, akusho yokufihla injongo yobukhona babo. Ngakho, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, liphakathi izingane, abakhuthaze ukuba ngidlale ibhola, ukuba umholi. Ngesikhathi inqubo, ebona abahlanganyeli bese udvweba iziphetho. Noma, ngokwesibonelo, intatheli, ngokuba phakathi kwesixuku ababhikishi ngeke ukufihla iqiniso lokuthi kudingeka enze umbiko, kodwa futhi ngeke iqhaza kulo mcimbi.
• ukubhekwa Covert ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ekuhloleni ingxabano, lapho umcwaningi kudlala indima: kungaba provocateur, okuyinto ekujabulisayo ukwaziswa okulethwa yizinzwa bese liletha imizwa kubantu ukukhonjiswa ogqamile, noma amasosha, okuhlose bushelelezi izinto phezu futhi ibenze abantu nokubuyisana.

Umhlanganyeli waphawula: the nenkhulumombiko

Le ndlela yokukhipha ulwazi kungenzeka ngqo uma umcwaningi kuyinto nabo abahlanganyeli lomcimbi. observation ongaqondile kusikisela ukuthi izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu noma intatheli ukuphenya lomkhuba ngosizo namanye amaqiniso nomphakathi. Kugcine uhlobo observation iyaphikisana kuhlanganisiwe kuphela uma umcwaningi isebenzisa indlela akude ekutholeni ulwazi, okuyinto akusho ukuxhumana abahlanganyeli. Uma zokuxhumana kushintshwe, okwashiwo kungenzeka engaqondile.

Umhlanganyeli waphawula: zifane futhi akusenjalo

• Ukuba nohlelo zokutadisha noma ukungezwakali kwawo inquma uhlobo observation. Ngakho, uma wengqondo noma intatheli ethile yathi bona plan of action, bese okwashiwo ubhekwa zenziwe zilandele izilinganiso ezithile.
• observation okuzenzekelayo, okungadingi unecebo okuqinile iphathelene akusenjalo.

Umhlanganyeli waphawula: ehlelekile futhi unsystematic

• Ehlelekile kwenziwe namanye njalo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezifundweni ezinkulu ezidinga ulwazi, osekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswa, isibonelo, ukuze unqume umthelela amasu amasha on ukuthuthukisa ubuntu. Ikakhulukazi wayevame ukusebenzisa ehlelekile observation zokusebenza kwengqondo ukusebenza nezingane, lapho zibona indlela ingane ishintshile, yiziphi Amathrendi sokuthuthuka.
• observation Unsystematic lisikisela ukuthi umcwaningi uqhuba yakhe kanye kuphela.

Indlela umhlanganyeli waphawula: laboratory kanye emkhakheni

• Laboratory observation - kuyinto ukuqoqwa kolwazi ezimweni ezithile, uzilungiselele ngemishini ngaphambi kokuqala kwesifundo. Kulokhu, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kubangela isimo ekhethekile ulungisa izinto ngalo ukusebenza iqembu futhi intatheli ngesikhathi ifomu laboratory izimemo abahlanganyeli ku studio futhi (isibonelo) uqhuba interview.
• Lapho isifundo inkambu yefomu olwenziwa vivo, okuyinto akhiwa izimo umgomo.