Amanzi zokuhlanzwa yensimbi. Izindlela yamanzi zokuhlanzwa yensimbi

Kuyaziwa ukuthi umuntu abakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ngoba zonke izinqubo umzimba emzimbeni ephelezelwa iqhaza lakhe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba ucabange ngalokho uhlobo lwamanzi sisebenzisa. Kungase kube okuqukethwe lenyuke chlorine, magnesium calcium nosawoti, manganese nensimbi. Uhlobo ngalunye ukungcola isuswe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Cabanga, njengenhlangano umshini ohlanza amanzi kufezeke kusukela yensimbi.

izinhlobo yensimbi

Okokuqala udinga ukuze sinqume ukuthi hardware kuqukethwe amanzi.

1. Divalent. I yensimbi yalolu hlobo kakhulu oncibilikayo emanzini, ngakho ngeso lenyama ayikwazi ukuphawule. Water has a obala okukhohlisayo. Nokho, uma isikhathi esithile nabo emoyeni, kukhona ke namachibi zensimbi ushintsho yayo ngendlela trivalent. Khona-ke amanzi kuba umthunzi obomvu.

2. Ferric. Lokhu yensimbi oxidized, kwenzeka oketshezini ifomu colloidal (izinhlayiya emihle umbala obomvu). Ngokuvamile emanzini equkethe yensimbi trivalent kanye nohlobo bivalent ukhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sedimentation izinhlayiya ezibomvu kungase kuhambisane kumiswa yensimbi futhi kamuva ukwenyuka.

3. Virus. Limelela amagciwane bukhoma futhi efile futhi imikhiqizo yabo imfucuza kanye igobolondo. Ezimweni eziningi, ephelezelwa yensimbi colloidal. Ngaphandle, kuba soft ezifakwa lwamafinyila, okungaba noma elimazayo noma cha. Ukuba khona insimbi komsele okuholela peptic yensimbi ukugqwala.

Izindlela yamanzi zokuhlanzwa yensimbi

I ziyoncibilika yensimbi ayoni kungenziwa isuswe ngu amasu ezivamile zenzelwe ukususa ziyoncibilika ion wezinto ezingaphili. Lokhu exchange ion, ngokuyisisekelo esakhiwa endaweni inqubo ukuphendula inhlaka okubalulekile ion sodium, futhi ukuhlanekezela Osmosis, isimiso salo ukusebenzisa ulwelwesi uyephuza yensimbi siphela.

Enye amanzi ekwelapheni indlela divalent yensimbi uhlobo indlela zamakhemikhali. isimiso sayo esakhiwa ngo okhanda amanye amathuba namachibi inqubo lapho isici chemical isuka isimo ziyoncibilika undissolved. Emva kwalokho, kwakhiwa trivalent insimbi imali kwi zokuhlunga. Systems yalolu hlobo abizwa ngokuthi izihlungi, yensimbi removers.

Amanzi ngokuqukethwe eliphezulu izinhlayiya emihle obomvu kuhlanzwe ultrafiltration.

Ngo kokukhipha webhaktheriya uhlobo yensimbi kumele afake isicelo chloro noma chelating ejenti.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izindlela yamanzi zokuhlanzwa yensimbi kunezimo yabo kanye nobubi obuthile.

Osmosis reverse

Amanzi nokuhlanzwa kwazo yensimbi nge Osmosis reverse liqukethe isibhakela ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi mncane kakhulu. Akukona ngisho ukudlula ukungcola kulencane. yi Enje ayikwazi ukuthi uhlanzekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho amanzi kusukela yensimbi isihlungi ezisebenza ngokuvumelana enye indlela. Yingakho reverse Osmosis uhlelo kubonakala eyingqayizivele ngempela.

Ukuze operation ezinhle lemifanekiso kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa sokungabi nhlobo oksijini, kungenjalo kuyoba namachibi, futhi ayoni yensimbi ithuba ukuhlakaza, kamuva bayozibuthela ku ulwelwesi. Lena akuyona inkinga, ngoba reverse Osmosis izinhlelo abe uphawu ezinhle.

Futhi, le ndlela ungakwazi ukususa kanye trivalent yensimbi, uma kwenzeka ukuthi ekhona amanzi ngesilinganiso esincane. reverse Osmosis ubuchwepheshe benza ukuthi ukuqeda ngama-manganese - yensimbi eyaziwa satellite.

ion indlela

Le ndlela isetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kodwa esikhathini esidlule ziye zasetshenziselwa nihlanze zeolites amanzi namalahle sulfonated. Okwamanje, ukuze asuse yensimbi, wasebenzisa ekhethekile ion exchange inhlaka. Ngosizo lwabo, ukuphumelela le ndlela isibe elingaphezulu kakhulu kwaleli. Futhi insimbi bivalent esetshenziswa seka khipha calcium ne-magnesium ion. Futhi ion yokuhlanza indlela Ungasusa manganese okuyinto evame asemanzini.

Nokho, kufanele wazi ukuthi le ndlela ngeke isebenze esimweni nobulukhuni amanzi kuyinto ezingeni evamile. Ngemva uhlelo amanzi zokuhlanzwa yensimbi ngu ion exchange kuhilela zokunciphisa lokhu Inkomba. Indlela usebenza kuphela elinganiselwe pH amabanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibulale le izinto eziphilayo ekhona amanzi, kungabangela amagciwane lemifanekiso.

Umsebenzi nzima kakhulu lapha - kungcono ilungelo lokukhetha inhlanganisela elikhulu inhlaka. Khona-ke, kusukela yensimbi kuzophela, ngoba ionic umshini ohlanza amanzi indlela okwamanje omunye ephumelela kunazo.

Indlela yokwelapha amanzi chemical

Ngokuvamile ukuhlanza insimbi isixazululo usebenzisa indlela namachibi. Luhilela ukusetshenziswa oxidants ezifana potassium permanganate, chlorine, umoya-mpilo, i-ozone. Ngosizo lwabo ukusheshisa le nqubo zokuguqula yensimbi ziyoncibilika ukuba ferric, kanye kwalokho coagulants emanzini (amakhemikhali) ikhuthaza sebethule izinhlayiya. Lomgomo ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa izinhlelo ezinkulu ukwelashwa.

indlela okhanda amanye amathuba isetshenziswa endaweni yasekhaya. Amanzi zokuhlanzwa yensimbi ephelezelwa ukusabela oxidative okwenzeka kwi izakhiwo isihlungi ebusweni okuyinto ukusheshisa kakhulu inqubo namachibi. izinhlelo ezinjalo ekhiqizwa esekelwe dioxide manganese, akwazi ukususa yensimbi. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kungase amanzi wanezela potassium permanganate.

Izici kwezihlungi, yensimbi removers

Uma kukhethwa yawa phezu kwezinsizwa uhlelo umshini ohlanza amanzi esekelwe namachibi yensimbi, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele eziningi nemingcele, yilesi:

• izinga lokushisa lamanzi;
• pH;
• okuqukethwe oxygen ngefomu ziyoncibilika;
• ayinayo.

Izinto ongahlola ngazo kungaba nomthelela izinga lomsebenzi. Ngaphambi ukusebenza kumele ayejwayele nehhanisi futhi benze ngokuvumelana nazo ukuze zisetshenziswe kamuva. Ikakhulukazi kudingekile ukuba banake ukuqondisa amanzi ukugeleza isilinganiso futhi ngesikhathi backwashing, kanye ovumelekile yensimbi okuqukethwe.

Ngu yezimbangela ezivame kahle kwaletinye isihlungi obezzhelezivateli uyalandisa namachibi akuphelele yensimbi nezelani yokuhlanza umthamo omkhulu wamanzi, ongaphakeme ukugeleza rate lamanzi ngesikhathi backwashing. yensimbi okuqukethwe isilinganiso kumele singeqi uphawu 15 mg / l. Filter- obezzhelezivateli kuhluke okusezingeni eliphezulu gravity ethize, okungukuthi ethile yabo abalulekile.

Ukususwa kwezimiso ferric

Ngezinye wokuqukethwe lelisetulu yensimbi colloidal ezibhekwa ephumelela kunazo ultrafiltration uhlelo. Umgomo we operation amasistimu ezinjalo sitholakala endimeni izinhlayiya ngokusebenzisa anezikhala ulwelwesi. Ngenxa yalokho yale nqubo yenziwa amanzi zokuhlanzwa yensimbi.

ethize usayizi ulwelwesi Pore 0.05 microns asetshenziselwa ultrafiltration. Ukuphumelela le ndlela yamanzi deferrization ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo ungasebenza izindlela ezahlukene. Ikakhulukazi kufanele kuphawulwe okuhambisanayo ulwelwesi wokuwasha, okwenza kungabi okuvela okuvimba.

Ukuze sifinyelele ngekhono elingcono epulakini ngaphambi insimbi kangcono elihunyushwe esimweni oxidized.

indlela eziphilayo yensimbi ukususwa

Indlela yemvelo siqondiswe ngokuningiliziwe ukuguquka kwabantu yensimbi ziyoncibilika ifomu oxide ngosizo yensimbi. Awayona ingozi kubantu, ngokungafani imikhiqizo yabo umzimba.

Iron amagciwane abakhuthele ezingeni lwensimbi phakathi 10 no-30 mg / l, kodwa ingaqala lapho okuqukethwe ukungcola ezilimazayo ngezansi lezi izinkomba. , Udinga ukugcina indawo esidi ezingeni eliphansi, ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukuthi umoya-mpilo kusuka emoyeni ukuze izilokazane ezincane ngokuvamile khona.

Ekuphetheni deferrization inqubo yemvelo kususa imikhiqizo imfucuza yensimbi ngu adsorption, bese kusetshenzwe amanzi amagciwane imisebe ketshezi ngokuphelele.

Yiqiniso, le ndlela kuyinto imvelo futhi esebenza kahle, kodwa kusimo enkulu: izinga eliphansi inqubo. Ngaphezu wokuhlanza ukusebenza kwaba ezingeni lelifanele, kudingeka abe nekhono ekwelapheni namasayizi amakhulu.

Ukuhlanzwa amanzi okuphuza

Ekhaya ukwelashwa amanzi Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukuvikela. Lena indlela eyisisekelo: amanzi ishiywa amahora ambalwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ukungcola kanye imali kujule kuze phansi. Nokho, ukuphumelela le ndlela uphansi, uketshezi kuyodingeka kubiliswe ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
• Misa. Amanzi kufanele lithululwe esitsheni futhi ulithumele efrijini. Ngemva omningi walo kukufake ice, amasalela kumele akhishwe: liqukethe ukungcola. Defrosting amanzi, kubalulekile ukuba aphonse izingcezu lokugcina ice, kunjalo futhi samanje izinto eziyingozi.
• Shungite ne-silicon. Minerals kubalulekile ukubeka phansi isitsha, ke uthele amanzi bese ushiye izinsuku okungenani ezimbili. Lapho isikhathi amanzi okuyinto phezulu, ungakwazi uhlangane nokusetshenziswa, futhi "ephansi" kumelwe isuswe, amasalela uzoba khona kulo. Shungite ne-silicon zinhle zokuhlanza uketshezi contaminants.
• Yamalahle. Umuthi uyombhubhisa inzika futhi ukudla okuqinile. Kuyadingeka ukuba mpahla yamalahle uvolo namanzi ngokusebenzisa le lemifanekiso nomphumela self-ezenziwe.

Kungani ukuhlanza amanzi kusukela yensimbi

Ukuba khona yensimbi emanzini, okuyinto ayizange iphumelele le zokuhlunga futhi ungcolisa iphunga layo futhi ukunambitheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlayiya undissolved e admixture ketshezi namabala ensundu. ukusetshenziswa njalo kwamanzi ne semali yensimbi kungaholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, ehlobene ngokuyinhloko kwesibindi nezinso. Kanti futhi esilimaza isimo isikhumba zingavela komzimba nezinto, futhi insali bayozibuthela e isimiso sokukhuculula.

Ngaphezu kungalimaza impilo yabantu, insimbi isahola amanzi ukuze nemiphumela ezifana ukubonakala amabala on amapayipi ophuzi overgrowing ahamba ukugqwala, ukuncipha eziphawulekayo lomkhiqizo kanye umonakalo empahleni emsebenzini.

Inani elikhulu okuqukethwe yensimbi emanzini - 0.3-0.5 mg / l. Ngezinye amazinga aphezulu uyoveza nokugqwala, turbidity futhi zivele aphansi.

Izindleko yensimbi ukususwa

Uma badonsa egeleza amanzi nge nephunga kabi vskusom ke ukubhekana nale nkinga kuyosiza amanzi zokuhlanzwa yensimbi. izihlungi intengo kuye ngohlobo kanye mode of action has a izindleko ezahlukene.

Okuvame kakhulu isihlungi nojeke kubhekwe isimiso kabani yokusebenza kusekelwe khona amanzi aba isitsha ngokusebenzisa embhedeni sorbent. Izindleko nojeke enjalo zokhahlamba kusuka ruble 200 kuya 2500.

Izihlungi, okuhilela ukubeka ngaphansi echibini, babe intengo ephakeme. Ukuhlanekezela Osmosis izinhlelo ezitholakala emakethe ngenani ruble 5,000, futhi zokuhlunga electrochemical izobiza ruble mayelana 25,000.

On ukubaluleka izimpahla, lithintwa ukuba khona ethangini ukubuthwa, umthamo yayo, kanye nezinga nokuhlanzwa.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukwelashwa amanzi ukufakwa isitshalo yensimbi kungcono ukunikeza ochwepheshe namasevisi kudingeka bachithe kakhulu.