Ganglia - kuyini nokuthi yini aqukethe?

Ganglia (kungenjalo - ganglia) - iqoqo amaseli akhethekile. Siqukethe umzimba, dendrites futhi axons. Nazo ngokufanayo, ezihlobana amangqamuzana ezinzwa. Futhi ganglia zihlanganisa asekelayo amaseli glial. umsebenzi wabo ukwakha usekelo izinzwa. Njengoba umthetho, ganglia ezinzwa embozwe ezicutshini. Lezi amaqoqo atholakala hhayi kuphela ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, kodwa futhi kwezinye ezingenamgogodla. ganglia oxhumene ukukhiqiza isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi kwesakhiwo. Isibonelo kungaba isakhiwo chain noma ukunitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihloko uzobe wachaza ngokuningiliziwe lokho ganglia njengoba ukuxhumana kwenzeka phakathi kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezigaba kanye nencazelo kwezinhlobo main kuzoncishiswa.

ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo

Ganglia khona njengoba lezi zinsizwa zilandisa ezinye izici ezikhethekile. Ngakho zona ngaphakathi isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Ezinye ngokuthi ganglia basal. Nokho, igama ekungilo kakhulu kubhekwa ukuba "umongo". Ngethukile izingxenye system nokuthi akha, kukhona izakhi yokuxhuma phakathi izingxenye ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa. Lezi pulses ziyadlula nezilawuli ekusebenzeni ezithile izitho zangaphakathi.

ngezigaba

Zonke ganglia zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana. Cabanga eziyisisekelo. Igama elithi "ganglion umgogodla" ihlanganisa sezinzwa (afferent) izakhi. Eyesibili uhlobo - izakhi akancike. Basuke ahlelwe ngokulandelana (autonomic) isimiso sezinzwa. The main view - basal. izingxenye zabo ziyisiliva ISIZINDA kwemizwa ezisesandleni ndaba emhlophe. Kuqukethwe ubuchopho. Umsebenzi izinzwa ukulawula imisebenzi umzimba ezithile, kanye nosizo ukuqaliswa izinqubo sezinzwa. Kukhona uhlobo vegetative. Ingenye node izinzwa. Lo msuka libhekisela autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa. Lezi ISIZINDA igijime yomgogodla. ganglia autonomic mancane kakhulu. usayizi ayo angase abe esingaphansi milimitha, kanye sokuboshwa enkulu nge uphizi. Into ye ganglia autonomic kuyinto isiqondiso ukusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi kanye nokusatshalaliswa ishayela.

Qhathanisa ne elithi "plexus"

Lezi zincwadi ngokuvamile atholakala igama elithi "plexus". It lingase lithathwe njengendlela emagama lafanako ukuba igama elithi "ganglion". Nokho plexus ngokuthi ganglia ethize. Ziyakwazi ekhona ethile endaweni avaliwe. A ganglion - endaweni ahlangene oxhumana izinhlaka zokuxhumana zobuchopho.

isimiso sezinzwa

Ngokombono anatomy ezimbili uhlobo yayo. Eyokuqala libizwa central nervous system. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa asebuchosheni nomgogodla. Uhlobo lwesibili iqoqo ISIZINDA, kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa futhi izinzwa ngokwabo. Lesi sakhiwo libizwa neuropathy isimiso sezinzwa.

isimiso sezinzwa yakha kwemizwa tube futhi ganglion ipuleti. Ngu ingxenye yokuqala ugebhezi zihlanganisa ubuchopho emazikweni sezinzwa nesifunda isiqu - emgogodleni. Ganglion ipuleti wakha umgogodla, izingxenye autonomic nezicubu chromaffin. izicubu Nervous ikhona njengenkampani eside kohlelo elawula izinqubo abafanele zomzimba.

Uhlolojikelele

Ganglia - i association of ezinzwa, nangale kwemingcele isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Kube vegetative nezinhlobo ebucayi. Lesi sakamuva itholakala eduze izimpande emgogodleni nezinzwa cranial. Ukuma iyunithi umgogodla ungathi uthi lokuphotha. Uzungezwe yinhlangano negobolondo ezicutshini. Iphinde ingena engeyokuqala uqobo, ngenkathi ephethe isitsha igazi. Amangqamuzana ezinzwa inhlangano umgogodla, usayizi egqamile futhi ezinkulu, nuclei kalula akachazeki. Izinzwa emacembu. Izingxenye ze-umgogodla isikhungo engeyokuqala kukhona izinqubo ezinzwa kanye endoneurium interlayer. Izinqubo dendrites uqale-sensitive zone izinzwa emgogodleni, bese sivala engxenyeni neuropathy, bakuphi receptor. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kuba ukuguqulwa izinzwa okuguquguqukayo e psevdounipolyarnye. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi nokuvuthwa yabo. Kusukela psevdounipolyarnogo namangqamuzana ezinzwa inqubo, entwine cell. Yena delimited ngu afferent, owaziwa ngokuthi "dendritic" futhi efferent, noma - axonal, ingxenye.

Dendrites futhi axons

Letakhi kuthiwa camera nge myelin emgodleni, izingxenye okuyizinto neyrolemmotsity. I amangqamuzana ezinzwa e-umgogodla inhlangano oligodendroglial amaseli azungeze ukuba amagama ezifana glia amaseli isiphuku, sodium glia amaseli bese amaseli satellite. Lezo zinto nuclei encane kakhulu round. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igobolondo ozungezayo la mangqamuzana kusukela zezinzwa izicubu capsule. izingxenye zalo zihlukile kwezinye nuclei okweqanda. ejenti eziphila abakhuthele eziqukethwe amangqamuzana ezinzwa e-site umgogodla, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, P. Into

Vegetative noma isakhiwo ezimele

ganglia Autonomous zitholakala ezindaweni eziningana. Okokuqala, eduze emgogodleni (kukhona izakhiwo paravertebral). Okwesibili, ngaphambi yomgogodla (prevertebral). Ngaphezu kwalokho, yama yodwa amayunithi futhi ngezinye izikhathi atholakala izindonga kwezitho. Ngokwesibonelo, inhliziyo, bronchi kanye esinyeni. Lezi ganglia abizwa ngokuthi intramural. Olunye uhlobo iseduze kobuso izitho. Nge izinhlangano ezizimele exhunywe preganglionic yezinzwa. Sinenkosi ezihlobene le sezinzwa uhlelo izinzwa. amaqoqo vegetative zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: the nozwela futhi parasympathetic. Cishe zonke izitho ukuthola Imicu yotshani postganglionic wenza kusukela amaseli zingase zombili izinhlobo izakhiwo vegetative. Kodwa umthelela ukuthi izinzwa kuhluke kuncike hlobo amaqoqo. Ngakho, isenzo nozwela kungaqinisa inhliziyo, kuyilapho parasympathetic siyehla ke.

isakhiwo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo olunjani lwesakhiwo node ezizimele kucishe. isakhiwo ngasinye ihlanganisa zezinzwa izicubu emgodleni. ISIZINDA vegetative, kukhona izinzwa ekhethekile okuthiwa "multipolar". Basuke zihlukaniswa i ijamo okungavamile, futhi indawo nucleus. Kube izinzwa kanye cores amaningi futhi amaseli nge inani elikhulu lezakhi zofuzo. amaseli Neural kanye nomgudu walo encapsulated, izingxenye zazo ziyizilimi satellite glial amaseli. Zibizwa ngokuthi isiphuku glial. On ungqimba phezulu ulwelwesi igobolondo lizungezwe ezicutshini.

isakhiwo intramural

La mangqamuzana ezinzwa azivumelanisa kanye izindlela conductive kungaba metasympathetic ingxenye autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa. Ngokusho histologist Dogel phakathi izinhlobo intramural kwezakhiwo ababonakali ngezikhundla ezintathu zamangqamuzana. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa dlinnoaksonnye izakhi efferent Ngibhala. Lezi amaseli izinzwa ezinkulu kabani dendrites eside futhi Axon iDemo. Ukuze ravnootroschatyh afferent ezinzwa ingxenye libhekene eside futhi dendrites futhi Axon. A izinzwa associative oxhumene amaseli wohlobo ezimbili zokuqala.

Uhlelo neuropathy

Umsebenzi we-izinzwa ukuhlinzeka zokuxhumana emsipheni izikhungo umgogodla zobuchopho futhi izinzwa izakhiwo. Imisuka uhlelo uxhumana esebenzisa ezicutshini. Nerve izikhungo - iyona ndawo obhekene ngokucubungula ulwazi. Cishe zonke izakhiwo kubhekwe aqukethe kokubili Imicu yotshani afferent, nangalowo efferent. Setha imicu, okuyinto, empeleni, kwenzwa ingaqukatha hhayi kuphela izakhiwo zivikelwe i kagesi nangokuvikela myelin emgodleni. Zikhona kanye nalezo ezinjalo "ikhava" akanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ungqimba ezinzwa fibre zihlukaniswe ezicutshini. It is zihlukaniswa Looseness futhi fibrous. Igama lalesi endoneurium ungqimba. Iqukethe inani elincane lamaseli, ingxenye enkulu imicu reticular zimumethe kuyi-collagen. Kulesi izicubu kukhona vials amancane igazi. Ezinye yokuntwela yezinzwa ozungezayo ngesinye isendlalelo ezicutshini - perineurium. izingxenye zalo zilandelana ahlelwe amaseli bese collagen ethandele. Capsule, esigubuzele sonke nerve isiqu (okuthiwa epineurium) kwakhiwa kusuka ezicutshini. Yena, ahlanganiswe fibroblasts amaseli, ama-macrophage kanye izingxenye amafutha. Iqukethe imithambo yegazi evela kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa.