I-aorta, namagatsha yomthambo i-aorta: incazelo kanye nezithombe

Aorta - isitsha elikhulu komzimba womuntu bokuthi kuletha igazi kusukela ventricle engakwesobunxele futhi kungukuqala kwegazi.

I-aorta ezikhonjwe eminyangweni eminingana:

• phezulu (Izig ascendens aortae) ahlukaniswe;
• Ingalo futhi amagatsha lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta;
• phansi (Izig descendens aortae) umnyango, okuyinto yena, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye thoracic futhi besisu.

lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta, namagatsha alo

1. amagatsha Truncus brachiocephalicus kusukela lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta ukuze uqwanga emaphethelweni 2nd kwesokudla. Phambi kwakhe kuyinto brachiocephalic kwesokudla Vienna, nangemuva - uqhoqhoqho. Ngemva ukudedelwa brachiocephalic isiqu ukhuphuka futhi ilungelo, enika duzane sternoclavicular ngokuhlanganyela kwamagatsha amabili: subclavian futhi ilungelo ezivamile carotid Umthambo kwesokudla.
2. carotid Common Umthambo (ngakwesokunxele) - one of the amagatsha lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta. Njengomthetho, leli gatsha lungaphezu ezivamile carotid Umthambo kwesokudla 20-25 amamilimitha angu. Umthambo endleleni eyehlayo ngemuva scapula, sublingual futhi sternoclavicular-mastoid imisipha, bese phezulu izinqubo transverse of amathambo wesibeletho. Ngaphandle isitsha kukhona emsipheni vagus futhi jugular (yangaphakathi) Vienna, ke amanga medially esuka emphinjeni, uqhoqhoqho pharynx, amalaka, yegilo kanye indlala parathyroid. Le ndawo yegilo uqwanga (i ingxenye engenhla) ngayinye ezivamile carotid imithambo unika zangaphakathi nezangaphandle carotid imithambo ukuthi babe diameters okungenani zilingana. Yenza ikholi division Umthambo bifurcation, okwamanje kulele godu glomerulus intercarotid (ukuwozela umzimba chromaffin, carotid yensimbi) - izakhiwo yokwakheka nge Ubukhulu 1.5 x 2.5 mm, ehlinzekwe kanye sebuningini chemoreceptors futhi capillary inethiwekhi. Esifundeni ukudedelwa elingaphandle Umthambo carotid has a isandiso ezincane, okuthiwa carotid itheku.
3. Kwangaphandle carotid Umthambo ingenye amagatsha amabili esibulalayo ezivamile carotid Umthambo. amagatsha It off kulezi zinyanga endaweni ukuwozela unxantathu (onqenqemeni engenhla uqwanga yegilo). Ekuqaleni, itholakala nje medial yangaphakathi carotid Umthambo, bese lateral kuso. Ukuqala zangaphandle carotid Umthambo ulala ngaphansi komuthi imisipha sternocleidomastoid, futhi somnolence unxantathu endaweni - imisipha ongama entanyeni kanye fascia wesibeletho (ipuleti yayo ebusweni). Kutholwe medially kusukela digastric (posterior yayo esiswini) kanye stylohyoid, carotid (yangaphandle) Umthambo entanyeni endaweni mandibula (Mull indlala parotid) ihlukaniswe pair of amagatsha esibulalayo: i maxillary futhi olukha phezulu Umthambo yesikhashana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye yangaphandle Atria carotid busebenze kuphakamisa amagatsha amaningana: ngaphambili iqembu - phambi, phezulu kanye lingual yegilo Umthambo, posterior iqembu - indlebe posterior, occipital futhi Umthambo clavisternomastoid luqhubeke kuze kube maphakathi inyuka pharyngeal Umthambo.

Amagatsha le-aorta thoracic

Lokhu ingxenye, njengoba sekushiwo, kuyingxenye le-aorta ukwehla. Itholakala ku mediastinum posterior, sidlula ikholomu umgogodla. Amagatsha le-aorta thoracic ethulwa emaqenjini amabili: parietal futhi visceral (visceral).

amagatsha visceral

amagatsha Visceral le-aorta Zimelela amaqembu ezilandelayo:

1. amagatsha bronchial (2-4 izicucu). Kusukela odongeni phambi aorta esifundeni igatsha imithambo intercostal lwesithathu. Ingena amasango kokubili emaphashini, intrabronchial kwakhiwa lwemithambo inethiwekhi usinika bronchi, zezinzwa izicubu kumiswa (Uhlaka) kwamaphaphu, emphinjeni, le pericardium, le yamaphaphu odongeni izitsha (emithanjeni yegazi). Ngo wamaphaphu izicubu amagatsha bronchial ukwakha anastomoses ne amagatsha kwemithambo yegazi yamaphaphu.
2. amagatsha ngomphimbo (3-4 izicucu). Ingabe mayelana 1.5 dyne cm, bese sivala ezindongeni emphinjeni (ingxenye yakhe thoracic). Lezi amagatsha uqale kusukela aorta thoracic esifundeni 4-8 amathambo thoracic. Anastomoses wakhiwa engenhla, aphansi kanye engenhla yegilo diaphragmatic yegazi mediastinal, kanye kwesokunxele ukuxhumelela imithambo yenhliziyo zenhliziyo.
3. amagatsha Mediastinal (mediastinal) ungaba ezihlukahlukene yokuhlala, impermanent. Ngokuvamile ukuza njengengxenye amagatsha pericardial. Igazi supply fibre kwenziwe, futhi ama-lymph mediastinal ISIZINDA ezingemuva odongeni (bakhulise) pericardium. Ifomu anastomoses nge kwamagatsha.
4. amagatsha Pericardial (1-2 izicucu), mncane futhi okufutshane. legatsha yomthambo i-aorta off kusukela ngaphambili odongeni, pericardium krovosnabzhaya (emuva zakhe). Ifomu anastomoses ekhipha mediastinal futhi ngomphimbo.

amagatsha parietal

1. Diaphragmatic Umthambo engenhla esukela yomthambo i-aorta kwegazi wenziwa pleura futhi ingxenye lumbar le-aorta. Babehlanganiswe anastomoses nge diaphragmatic engezansi, thoracic yangaphakathi nokuvaleka kwemithambo intercostal aphansi.
2. imithambo Intercostal ezingemuva (10 ngazimbili) azikhandle ngiwunqume odongeni yomthambo i-aorta langemuva balandela 3-11 intercostal izikhala. Laba bobabili zokugcina ubabonisa ngaphansi ubambo 12 (ngamanye amazwi, a subcostal) bese engena anastomosis nge amagatsha lumbar ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni. I lokuqala nelesibili isikhala intercostal usinika Umthambo subclavian. Intercostal Umthambo kwesokudla kancane isikhathi eside kunaleso kwesokunxele uhambe ngaphansi pleura costal kuze emakhoneni, kokuba itholakala posteriorly we mediastinum posterior, wedlula emhlabeni phambi evele yemizimba vertebral. Esikhathini amakhanda ubambo kwemithambo yegazi intercostal suka amagatsha amaphiko ukuze kwemisipha isikhumba emuva, ukuze emgogodleni (kuhlanganise emgodleni wayo) nomgogodla. Kusukela ubambo angles imithambo uphakathi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle imisipha intercostal, wacambalala inkatho costal. Imithambo ku 8 isikhala intercostal nangaphansi ke amanga ngaphansi onqenqemeni abafanele, igatsha ku amagatsha lateral ukuze kwemisipha isikhumba izingxenye lateral kwesifuba, futhi ngemva ukwakha anastomoses ne intercostal anterior amagatsha thoracic (yangaphakathi) Umthambo. 4-6 intercostal amagatsha Umthambo ukunikeza ebeleni. imithambo Intercostal ukuphakela igazi esifubeni engenhla, futhi abathathu ephansi - diaphragm futhi udonga besisu (phambili). Wesithathu ilungelo Umthambo intercostal ithumela likaJese eliphuma bronchus kwesokudla, futhi kusukela 1-5 x imithambo intercostal ukunweba amagatsha letiphakela igazi bronchus kwesokunxele. 3-6 th intercostal Umthambo zisenza sibe imithambo ngomphimbo.

besisu amagatsha aorta

ingxenye besisu le-aorta - ukuqhubeka wakhe esifubeni ingxenye. Kuqala kusukela ezingeni thoracic vertebra 12, sidlula yomthambo i-aorta ukuvulwa diaphragmatic futhi iphela esifundeni 4 vertebra lumbar. umnyango besisu elise phambi amathambo lumbar, kancane kwesobunxele emgqeni lesemkhatsini, kuyinto retroperitoneal. Kwesokunene sakhe amanga a eziyize (noma phansi) of Vienna, phambi - kwamanyikwe, ingxenye enezingqimba duodenum nabancane amathumbu mesenteric impande.

amagatsha parietal

Ukwabela elandelayo amagatsha parietal le-aorta besisu:

1. Diaphragmatic Umthambo aphansi (sokunene nesobunxele) azikhandle bakhishwe aorta besisu emva ophumayo yayo kusukela orifice yomthambo i-aorta ne-phrenic ulandele diaphragm (indiza phansi) naphambili futhi phezulu nasemaceleni.
2. Lumbar Imithambo (4 izicucu) zisuka le-aorta 4 endaweni yase-elingenhla lumbar amathambo ukuze igazi eligciniwe kwamanzi anterolateral isisu, umgogodla, beqolo.
3. Median Umthambo sacral isuka le-aorta esifundeni division yayo ku imithambo ezivamile iliac (5 lumbar amathambo) kulandela ingxenye okhalo we sacrum, krovosnabzhaya coccyx, sacrum m. iliopsoas.

amagatsha visceral

Ukwabela elandelayo amagatsha visceral le-aorta besisu:

1. Celiac isiqu evela aorta esifundeni 12 thoracic noma lumbar amathambo 1, diaphragmatic phakathi kwemilenze kwangaphakathi. It is afakwa kwi line lesemkhatsini phansi enchubeni xiphoid (onesiqongo). Emkhakheni umzimba isiqu amanyikwe celiac unika amagatsha amathathu; kwesokunxele esiswini hepatic futhi Umthambo splenic ezivamile. Truncus coeliacus lizungezwe solar amagatsha plexus basibekela phambi peritoneum parietal.
2. Adrenal Umthambo umusi Ngokwesilinganiso, amagatsha bakhishwe aorta ngezansi nje isiqu celiac futhi unikeza le ndlala adrenal.
3. Upper mesenteric amagatsha Umthambo off le-aorta esifundeni 1st lumbar vertebra, posterior ukuze kwamanyikwe. It ke sidlula duodenum (ngaphambili ebusweni) futhi ithumela amagatsha kuya duodenum kanye amanyikwe, kulandela impande phakathi amashidi mesenteric emathunjini amancane, inika Amahlumela bavale i perfusion futhi ikholoni (ohlangothini lwesokudla) amathumbu.
4. imithambo kwezinso angasuselwa 1st lumbar vertebra. Lezi imithambo zisenza sibe aphansi imithambo adrenal.
5. Umthambo wesibeletho (amasende) ukunweba ngezansi nje imithambo kwezinso. Ukudlulisa posterior kuya peritoneum parietal, niwele ureters, futhi ngemva zangaphandle iliac Umthambo. Ngo abesifazane, Umthambo wesibeletho ngokusebenzisa umsipha ukuthi Kumiswe esibelethweni, bathunyelwa amashubhu fallopian futhi amaqanda, futhi amadoda - in the ingxenye intambo spermatic ngokusebenzisa komsele inguinal uya emasendeni.
6. Umthambo phansi kunabaphostoli amagatsha mesenteric ngowesithathu aphansi le-aorta besisu esifundeni 3 vertebra lumbar. Lokhu Umthambo uyabanikeza ikholoni (ngakwesokunxele okuyingxenye).

isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi le-aorta

Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi le-aorta amagatsha awo - a zokugula ukuthi libhekene ukukhula zingcwecwe e mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi semithambo, okuyinto kamuva kuholela ukuvaleka mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi kanye kumiswa amahlule.

zokugula oyinhloko onikezwayo uwukuthi Ukungadli isilinganiso kwamafrakshini lipid, ekufezeni ukwanda cholesterol, okuyinto imali njengoba zingcwecwe le-aorta, namagatsha yomthambo i-aorta.

izici ngodlame zihlanganisa ukubhema, isifo sikashukela, ufuzo, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba.

kuwukubonakaliswa isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi

Kaningi, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi kwenzeka ngaphandle izimpawu ezisobala, okuyinto ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu le-aorta (kanye neminyango, amagatsha le-aorta), ukuthuthukiswa muscle imicu enwebekayo yezicubu. Kukhula qwembe kuholela ngokweqile kwenhliziyo, esizibonakalisa nokucindezela yokwanda kwama, ukukhathala, palpitations inhliziyo.

Nge ukuqhubeka inqubo isifo kwelula kuya yomthambo i-aorta lwaleli amagatsha esezansi kanye nezigaba umfula, kuhlanganise imithambo ukuthi ukuncelisa inhliziyo. Kulokhu, ubhekana zimpawu ezilandelayo: pectoris angina (ubuhlungu besifuba ukuthi kunikezwe isiphanga noma ingalo, iphika), iziyaluyalu wokugaya ukudla kanye nokusebenza kwezinso, umfutho wegazi kuzuba, emikhawulweni abandayo, isiyezi, ubuhlungu bekhanda yokufikelwa njalo, ubuthaka izingalo.