Anatomy. Common carotid Umthambo

Carotid Umthambo - abhanqiwe izitsha letiphakela igazi kubo bonke kwezitho nezicubu we ikhanda nentamo, kwasekuqaleni - ngobuchopho amehlo. Kodwa yini esiyaziyo ngaye? Mhlawumbe nje efika engqondweni wacabanga ukuthi, ngokucindezela ngeminwe yakho endaweni lapho uya (at emphinjeni, bebheke uqhoqhoqho), ungahlala kalula uthole ishayela.

Isakhiwo Umthambo carotid

carotid Common Umthambo (inombolo "3" figure) has kwaqala endaweni esifubeni futhi siqukethe imikhumbi emibili ngegazi - ilungelo sahamba. Liyophuma eduze kuqhoqhoqho kanye kuqhoqhoqho kanye izinqubo transverse of amathambo entanyeni eduze phambi emzimbeni.

Ilungelo ezivamile carotid Umthambo has a ubude ngamasentimitha 6 kuya ku-12, futhi uqala kusuka isiqu brachiocephalic futhi iphela esifundeni sokuhlukanisa onqenqemeni engenhla uqwanga yegilo.

I kwesokunxele ezivamile carotid Umthambo umbhangqwana kwesokudla amasentimitha eside (lingakanani ongafinyelela 16 amasentimitha) ngoba iqala kancane ngezansi - kusukela lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta.

carotid Common imithambo (ingxenye kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla) we imisipha esifubeni liphuma le wesibeletho amathambo ikhava thwi phezulu. Maphakathi phakathi sokunene nesobunxele isitsha sihamba emphinjeni kanye kuqhoqhoqho tube. Ngaphandle kwayo, closer kuze kwegilo ngaphambili entanyeni, iyona pair efanayo jugular Vienna. ukugeleza kwegazi iqondiswa phansi imisipha yenhliziyo. Futhi phakathi ezivamile carotid Umthambo futhi vein jugular kuyinto emsipheni vagus. Bebonke bakha isixha wesibeletho neurovascular.

Bifurcation we ezivamile carotid Umthambo

Phezulu, onqenqemeni uqwanga Indlala yegilo iyisitho Ukuhlukaniswa Umthambo carotid ku zangaphakathi nezangaphandle / yangaphandle (esithombeni lokuqala kwaphawula 1 no-2). Esikhundleni a bifurcation, lapho nobabili carotid Umthambo amagatsha ku ezimbili yokhalo siyisibonelo extension, othiwa itheku carotid futhi bayozela pheochrome umzimba - eseduze sine we qhuzwana encane. Lokhu esishintshashintshayo reflex kubaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, unesibopho komfutho wegazi (kwato), i-ukuqinisela of imisipha yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi amagesi.

Kwangaphandle carotid Umthambo kuphinde zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu eziningana imikhumbi emikhulu futhi unikeza igazi salivary futhi yegilo nezindlala, imisipha yobuso nolimi, intamo kanye nesifunda parotid, endaweni ongenhla futhi endaweni yesikhashana. Siqukethe:

• ngaphandle kwale ndlala;
• sinyuka pharyngeal;
• ulimi;
• ngaphambili;
• occipital;
• posterior Umthambo ngokuhleba.

I yangaphakathi carotid Umthambo iphinde ihlukaniswe imithambo yegazi ezinhlanu futhi umshado emkhakheni yezokuthutha we zamehlo, nangemuva ikhanda zobuchopho, emgogodleni eduze amathambo wesibeletho. Siqukethe izingxenye eziyisikhombisa:

• Uxhumano.
• Eye.
• Wesibeletho.
• Rocky.
• Wedge.
• Cavernous.
• Ingxenye Ragged izimbobo.

Ukumeda kwegazi flow Umthambo carotid

Ukulinganisa ezingeni kudingekile igazi ukudlula cwaningo, othiwa ukuskena Duplex imithambo brachiocephalic (SPL BCA). Brachiocephalic (ahlanganisa imigwaqo emikhulu) izitsha ngokuthi imithambo ngobukhulu ngemithambo emikhulu nemincane umzimba womuntu - carotid, vertebral, subclavian. Kuyinto ba abaphethe ukuze igazi eligciniwe ezicutshini ubuchopho ikhanda futhi emikhawulweni engenhla.

Umphumela kubonisa GCA SPL:

• ububanzi semithambo inesikhala;
• khona / ukungabikho qwembe ekwakhekeni, uyaxebuka, amahlule ezindongeni zabo;
• ukunwetshwa / stenosis izindonga isitsha;
• I-ukusonteka uqhekeke, aneurysms.

Jwayelekile ukugeleza kwegazi eliya ebuchosheni - 55 ml / 100 g izicubu. Kuyinto kuleli zinga inchubekela carotid iqinisekisa ezinhle krovosnabzheniyaegolovnogo ubuchopho futhi akukho ukuvaleka mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi, ukwakheka qwembe deformations we Umthambo carotid.

Thrombosis we Umthambo carotid

Lapho yangaphakathi / ezivamile / zangaphandle carotid imithambo abangu occluded (e thrombus isitsha inesikhala kwakhiwa), unhlangothi ischemic kwenzeka, futhi ukufa ngezinye izikhathi okungazelelwe. Isizathu esikhulu thrombosis atherosclerosis, okuholela ekwakhekeni qwembe. Ezinye izizathu ukubukeka zingcwecwe yilezi:

• khona izifo ezifana dysplasia fibromyshechnaya, isifo moyamoya, Horton, Takayasu sika;
• Kwenhlekelele okulimala ebuchosheni nge hematoma endaweni ye Umthambo;
• izici kwesakhiwo kwemithambo yegazi: hypoplasia, tortuosity;
• ukubhema;
• sikashukela;
• ukukhuluphala.

Izimpawu khona zingcwecwe

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ezivamile carotid Umthambo, lapho ukuvaleka futhi qwembe kumiswa kungase ngokwalo akazange abonise. Nokho, zikhona izimpawu ngawo udokotela angaba ukuxilonga phambi kwabo.

• nobuhlungu entanyeni;
• ukuhlaselwa okunzima ikhanda;
• nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, yokufikelwa;
• ubumpumputhe ngezikhathi esisodwa noma zombili amehlo;
• angaboni kahle lapho uvivinya umzimba;
• ngwengwezi;
• khona tinnitus ethize (uthule noma ukukhala);
• ukukhubazeka ezinyawo nasemilenzeni;
• thuthuva uma uhamba;
• Ukungabi namandla sobala, ukucobeka;
• ubuthakathaka ukuhlafuna ukunyakaza;
• ukushintsha umbala amehlo-retina;
• Ukudlikizela;
• ukuhhema, delirium, ukwazi kahle;
• inkulumo disorder, nokuningi.

Ukuwohloka kancane kancane ubuchopho, ehambisana ne-ukwephulwa igazi layo ukunikezela yisifo senhliziyo (esimweni isimiso okuphelele isitsha) kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ukushintsha ukuphila nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa carotid Umthambo ukuvaleka

Ngaphambi aphoyintimenti ukwelashwa wenziwa ucwaningo esenza ukunquma izici lesi sifo, ukucacisa indawo esiqondile Umthambo ethintekile:

• Ultrasound nge Doppler.
• Rheoencephalography (Reg) - ukuze kuhlinzeke imininingwane ngokufinyelela kwi kuyaqina kanye ithoni imithambo ingqondo.
• Electroencephalography (Bheka) - ukutadisha isimo kokusebenza kwengqondo.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), izithombe - kunikeza isithombe eningiliziwe isimo ketshezi ebuchosheni, imithambo yegazi kanye nesimiso sezinzwa.
• tomography ngekhompyutha (CT) scan - X-ray izakhiwo ingqondo.

Ngemva uphethwe okwengeziwe, kuncike ngezinga elithile futhi izici isifo, linqume:

1. Olandelanayo. ukwelashwa prophylactic kwezidakamizwa ezithile (anticoagulants futhi thrombolytics) izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka, kanye nezinsiza zokulawula gqwa degree of ngcono.
2. Steel impatho / neurosurgical (nge thrombi amaningi, ingozi thromboembolism):

• ukuvinjelwa Novocaine.
• Ukubeka dlula ingxenye occluded ukugeleza igazi Umthambo carotid.
• Esikhundleni esilimele milisa.