Umehluko ngombala zezinkanyezi. I spectra zezinkanyezi evamile kanye ngezigaba Spectral

Isikhala ohlala nge izinkanyezi ezahlukene izinhlobo, okuyinto zingafani yabo isakhiwo, amandla emisebe ye-, umbala, Zakha emhlabeni ngokwabo, kanye ezihlukahlukene nezinye izici. Kulesi sisekelo izici ngamunye ngamunye izinhlobo izindikimba zasezulwini zenziwe. Ngenhlanhla, bona kwenzakala kakhulu, futhi bangakwazi zilingane kulesi sihloko. Ngenxa ngezansi sizobheka indlela yokubona umehluko phakathi umbala izinkanyezi, ke ngokuvamile lisho futhi kuthinta kanjani imvelo.

Kuyini inkanyezi?

Empeleni, noma yimuphi inkanyezi ibhola elikhulu plasma esishisayo. Kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezifana hydrogen ne-helium, okuyizinto ukuxhumana nomunye, it yakha ukugeleza enkulu ukushisa nokukhanya. Ngemva isimo kulezi zingxenye ezimbili benganhlanhlathi emhlabeni inkanyezi, ekuqaleni kwawo ukuba azungeze iplanethi. Basuke kwakhiwa kusukela isikhala amatshe, asteroyidi, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, noma ngezinye, izizathu eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa lapha kuyafaneleka ukuthi umehluko umbala izinkanyezi kusinikeza ithuba ukuqonda, ukuthi emhlabeni nendikimba ethile esemkhathini iplanethi ethile kwakhiwa. Ngokuvamile, lezi iziphuphutheki ukuvela eduze izinkanyezi nge ukukhanya isilinganiso nokushisa. Ngakho ukuthi umbala izinkanyezi zinezikhathi ezicini ezithile ukuthi uchaze ngezansi.

izindikimba zasezulwini "O" ekilasini

Enjalo izinto isikhala kubhekwe ukuba ngomunye bhá endaweni yonke. Izinkanyezi blue enkulu engaba yayo, mass futhi likhanya ngendlela efanayo. Igama sebewelele sibonga yokuthi akhipha Tint bluish ebonakala at ibanga enkulu, ngisho ngezindinganiso isikhala. Tom has incazelo ezakhe chemical - kule plasma ibhola izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi-helium, i-nitrogen, carbon nezinye ngamagama ashubile ionized, okubangela oku-ultraviolet. Izinkanyezi okwesibhakabhaka, naphezu amandla aso nesihlalo Ubukhulu omkhulu, ukuphila okuncane kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, babengeke baphile eqhubeka 1 million, ngemva kweminyaka lapho Kuqhuma inkanyezi. Mayelana ezifana izindikimba zasezulwini amaplanethi, kwakuthiwa efanelekayo ukuphila, akhiwa akuvamile. Ovelele omele yalolu hlobo okungukuthi inkanyezi Garnib.

Kancane kancane ukukhanya - isigaba "B"

Manje sicabanga isigaba emhlophe-oluhlaza ukukhanya cosmic ukuthi kukhona kancane ngemuva esasisandulele kuzo zonke izici. Njengoba igama umbala izinkanyezi kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi ihlale ifana, ngeke ukuchaza ukubonakala kwabo. Thunzi nobuntu umzimba yangaphandle uthola ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi i-hydrogen is ionized yi-plasma, kuyilapho helium ifinyelela cishe hlangothi. Lokho kungxenye yokugcina kudala elibazungezile abanesikhumba esimhlophe, okuyinto ngokuvamile uvezwa ngesimo emapheshana. Izinkanyezi ezinjalo ziphila iminyaka engu-abayizigidi ezingu 10-15, futhi amathuba ukuthi zingase zimiswe emhlabeni iplanethi efanelekayo eziphilayo impela high. Thola inkanyezi emhlophe-oluhlaza kungaba esibhakabhakeni umlaza Virgo. Babiza Spica.

Star isigaba "A"

Star ezimhlophe phakathi ethandwa kakhulu endaweni yonke. Amandla kukhanya kukhulu, kodwa izindodla emisebeni nezinye emisebeni kungaphazamisi nezinye izindikimba yamahlaya, okuyinto ahlelwe ezazibazungezile ukuba uphile impilo ejwayelekile. Isikhala izinto okuqondene kulesi sigaba kuphela umbala omhlophe ngenxa yokuthi kuyo i-hydrogen ufinyelela kokungathathi hlangothi kakhulu. Lokhu esenza sibe zamagama nezinye izingxenye, e mass ezimhlophe, okuyinto Likhipha inombolo naletingabaleki lamadigri UKelvin, is ibe ukushisa nokukhanya. Izinkanyezi White futhi ngokuthi "ezimthende" njengoba kuziwa ngokusebenzisa i-hydrogen surface yabo ngesimo emapheshana. Isikhathi khona lenkanyezi kwenziwa uhla kusukela eminyakeni million 400 kuya 2 billion. Lezi zindikimba zasemkhathini asihlangabeze umlaza Canis Major (Sirius) kanye Lyra (Vega).

Iqembu izinkanyezi ngaphansi ikhodi «F»

Iqiniso lokuthi igama umbala izinkanyezi njalo uqondane nomunye, sinesibopho yezinqubo zamakhemikhali ezenzeka lapho. Ngoba manje sicabangela cosmic plasma imidondoshiya, okuyinto afakiwe esigabeni 'emhlophe nephuzi "futhi abe kukhanya isici. Hydrogen lezo zinto zasemkhathini behlala ndawonye bengashadile akusashiwo ezitholakala izinombolo ezinkulu, njengoba enza lapho izimo ngenhla. Lapha kunalokho, ubuswa nezinye izinsimbi - yensimbi, titanium ne-calcium. Basuke ionized, enika plasma ukuncibilika tint kancane aphuzi. Njengoba inkanyezi ingenkulu kakhulu ngobukhulu, lokhu umbala ukuze ngithole insindiso yakhe. It kungabonakala izigidigidi zeminyaka ukukhanya, izazi zezinkanyezi bayakwazi ukubona ngoba isikhala enjalo noma yini engathathwa ngokusebenzisa izibonakude zabo, ngisho noma ezikude kakhulu eMhlabeni. Izinkanyezi ezinjalo ziphila iminyaka engu-4 noma ngaphezulu bhiliyoni ubudala, futhi ngokuvamile bazungezé kubo a idunyiswe amaplanethi, okungase ukusekela ukuphila. Abamele leli qembu njengoba ekhanyiswa Carte la futhi Ropagi.

Star Ngokuthi Sun ... cabanga isigaba «G»

Okulandelayo kuhla lwethu kukhona ngangezinkanyezi ophuzi umbala, ummeleli bhá zazo kithi ilanga. Lezi izinto ezisemkhathini zigcwele ezihlukahlukene izinsimbi, main okuyinto calcium. Basuke ngamagama ashubile ionized, kanjalo eba ezijulile umthunzi ophuzi. ukuqinaqina inikeza nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo nazo elicibilikile ngaphansi okushisa omkhulu. Owehlisa hydrogen ke ngempela engabonakali, futhi lapho yalolu ketshezi kuqukethwe inkanyezi ephuzi izinto eziningi ezincane kakhulu. Isikhathi se-ezifana izinkanyezi okungukuthi-10 bhiliyoni iminyaka. Lokhu kuvumela hhayi kuphela ukuze abuthele ababemzungezile inombolo ethile amaplanethi, kodwa futhi ukuba abagcine omise yabo isikhathi eside ngokwanele (ezindinganisweni isikhala) isikhathi esithile. Ngokwesibonelo, sibheke esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga.

Star "K"

Njengoba umehluko umbala izinkanyezi is ngokomthetho uhlelo yezinkanyezi emhlabeni, sifika esigabeni penultimate, okuthiwa "orange". Njengengxenye yalezi izinto ezisemkhathini, i-hydrogen isivele eziqukethwe isimo encane kakhulu, ngoba ngokwayo umbukiso kancane. imigqa White phezu cishe akukho show ngokusebenzisa, kodwa imiphumela ukuncibilika nezinye izinsimbi abakha inkanyezi, ezibonakala kakhulu. Khona-ke kukhona aluminium, futhi titanium, nensimbi, futhi okubaluleke - calcium. Kulokhu, lokuncibilika yazo zonke lezi zinto akukho liphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa nje leli fu lokuthengisa ngokunsomi, okuyinto kungabonakala ngaphezulu izinkanyezi bright (isigaba O, A et al.), Kukhona lingekho ngokuphelele. Nokho, naphezu ongaphakeme lokushisa ukufundwa nesincane inani orange izinkanyezi bangahlangana naye encane kwamaplanethi uhlelo. Basuke ngaso sonke isikhathi ozalwa ukuphila, kodwa lapho kuze kuze kube ushabalala isikhala orange "ilanga" ngokwalo. Uma ucabangela ukuphila kwayo kukalwa njengoba sekuyiminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-60. Star-abameleli kulesi sigaba - Yavin, Aldebaran futhi Arcturus.

I sprocket kencanikhulu - iqembu "M"

izinkanyezi Red zinezikhathi okushisa kubanda kakhulu futhi kunciphisa nekusebenta izinsimbi ukuncibilika. Baphinde babe ongakhetha esincane kakhulu, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu nozakwabo giant, isisindo ongaphakeme namandla emisebeni. kukhanya ngokubomvu emhlabeni wadala akuyona ngenxa yokuthi kukhona smelted ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ngenxa degree of namachibi ifinyelela iphezulu kakhulu, futhi ama-molecule nje ukuncela nomunye. Ngokusondelene nalezi dwarfs abomvu kakhulu kuyaqabukela akha iplanethi efanelekayo ukuze uhlalwe. Betelgeuse - ummeleli bhá kwalesi sigaba, ogama yobudala kulinganiselwa emashumini izigidigidi zeminyaka.

emizimbeni atypical wasezulwini

Esisanda kuxoxa ngazo indlela yokwahlukanisa umbala izinkanyezi, kodwa ukuthi kukhona abathile imikhakha ezifana ezingasadingeki izindikimba zasezulwini okungashiwo lutho ngazo. Awu, empeleni zikhona izinkanyezi emkhathini "C" isigaba. Kungenzeka ukutshela zamagama i orange futhi ngenkanyezi ebomvu, equkethe inombolo enkulu ngezinto ezihlukahlukene. Isici esiyinhloko isigaba - lapha kukhona athomu ukuncela carbohydrate ne-hydrogen, okwenza inkanyezi abandayo nakakhulu futhi lifiphele. normal Okuningi isihlabani we ekilasini «S». Kuyinto efanayo kakhulu orange, kodwa esikhundleni semali titanium ukubunjwa yayo ihlanganisa esilinganayo zirconium.

isiphetho

Njengoba-ke kwaba sobala ukuthi umbala izinkanyezi kanjani ukuze uhlukanise kubo, usitshele kuba ngokubukeka kwabo. I luminescence futhi luhlaza wadala sibonga izinto ezithathwa elicibilikile therein futhi yakha ingxenye inhlanganisela. Bona benza kahle ngezinga elithile, kuyoshaya ku kwesikhala ukukhanya kuphela, kodwa futhi ukushisa ezingaba kulungele noma ngashisa zonke izinto aseduze.