Umculi wase-Italy uMichelangelo Caravaggio: biography, ubuciko

UMichelangelo Caravaggio (1571-1610) - umculi wase-Italy owenqaba indlela yakhe yokudweba futhi wabeka isisekelo sokungokoqobo. Imisebenzi yakhe ibonisa umbono wezwe womlobi, isimo sakhe esingenakuphika. UMichelangelo Caravaggio, owaziwa ngaye ogcwele isikhathi esinzima, washiya ifa elimangalisayo, namanje abaculi abaphefumulayo emhlabeni jikelele.

Izimpawu zenkathi

Umculi wazalwa ngo-1571 eLombardy. Igama lomzana (Caravaggio), lapho uMichelangelo azalwa khona, kwakuyisidlaliso sakhe. Izazi-mlando ziphawula ukuthi ingxenye ye-Italy ngezikhathi lapho ayehlala khona futhi esebenza eCaravaggio, yahlolwa okuningi. Izwe lalinqotshwa yizimpi nokuphikisana kwangaphakathi, okuyinkimbinkimbi yenkinga yomnotho. Esikhundleni senkululeko ethile ye-Renaissance kwafika ukusabela kwesonto. Konke lokhu akukwazanga kodwa kuthinta ubuciko.

I-Mannerism ne-Academism

Eminyakeni lapho umculi wase-Italy uMichelangelo Caravaggio eqala ukuhamba endleleni yokudala, imidwebo yaqala ukugcwaliswa ngezihloko ezingamanga, kude neqiniso. Esekelwa yi-Church Mannerism, eyazalwa phakathi nekhulu le-XVI, yayiyisiqondiso esizithobayo, hhayi ukuzama ukuvumelana kwesigaba somzimba nomzimba.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, cishe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, kukhona umdwebo wezemfundo. Kubonakala ngokulula kokubunjwa nokwakhiwa kwezikhumbuzo zamafomu, okuphambene noMannerism. Abaculi abakhetha ukufundiswa baphendukela e-Antiquity namaqhawe ayo kanye nemifanekiso, bexosha iqiniso njengoba bengakufanelekeli ukunakwa.

Michelangelo Caravaggio - umdwebi womdwebi

Isiqondiso esakhiwe nguCaravaggio, okuthiwa ngemuva kokufa kwakhe "caravadzhizmom", sitholakala emasikweni amnandi aseNyakatho Italy. Omunye wabafundisi bakaMichelangelo Merizi eMilan kwakunguSimone Petzano. Mhlawumbe, kuvela kuye ukuthi lo mculi wafunda ukusebenzisa ukungafani kokukhanya nesithunzi, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba esinye sezici ezivelele ezibonakalayo eziningi zezingoma zakhe.

UMichelangelo Caravaggio emsebenzini wakhe waqhubeka nomkhuba wendlela eqondakalayo yamakhosi aseNyakatho Italy. Akazange abe umlandeli weMannerism noma i-Academism, kodwa waqala umkhuba omusha owavame ukubangela ukugxeka kwabanye abaculi kanye nesonto. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu benkolo bahlonipha uCaravaggio. Phakathi kwabo yi-cardinal de Monte, owawuthanda umculi kusukela ngo-1592 kuya ku-1594, lapho uMikhelagello ehlala futhi esebenza eRoma.

Umakhelwane wesifundazwe

I-Michelangelo Caravaggio, i-biography, ubuciko kanye nakho konke okuphilayo okungahlanganiswa kahle namadolobha wesifundazwe, ngisho nasezingxenyeni zezingqikithi zenkolo eziboniswa abantu abavamile. Amaqhawe emidwebo yakhe akude nemibono yasendulo, ayatholakala emigwaqweni yamadolobhana ase-Italy. Umculi wadala ukudweba okunhlobonhlobo (isibonelo, "U-Fortuneeteller", "Insizwa enesilwane"), ngendlela engokoqobo edlula impilo yabantu abavamile. Emidwebo yakhe, ebonisa izihloko ezehlukene emiBhalweni Engcwele, yabonakala kude nemininingwane yezincwadi zeBhayibheli ezenza izinceku zesonto nabafel 'ukholo zingabi izithombe, kodwa abantu abalula futhi abaqondakalayo. Phakathi kwemidwebo enjalo ingabizwa ngokuthi "Magdalena" kanye "noMphostoli uMathewu."

Izimpawu zomsebenzi weMichelagelo Caravaggio izici - lokhu kuyiqiniso, ngezinye izikhathi kufinyelela ekuveleni kwemvelo ngokweqile, ukwakheka kwe-laconic, umdlalo wokukhanya nesithunzi, ukusetshenziswa komdwebo wombala ovalwe.

"Ukubizwa koMphostoli kuMathewu"

Umjikelezo odumile wemisebenzi yesonto laseSan Luigi dei Franchezi, ebonisa iziqephu zokuphila kukaSt. Matthew, umdwebi owadala eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yekhulu le-XVI. Okuhle kakhulu phakathi kwabo kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Isikhalo somphostoli uMathewu." Ukubunjwa kuthola ukuveza okukhethekile ngenxa yokungafani kokukhanya nesithunzi. Yonke imininingwane eyinhloko: - umunwe kaKristu, ubuso bomphostoli - ukhanya kakhulu. Isithunzi sihlanganisa izakhi ezincane zendwangu. Ukukhanya kudala ukunyakaza okukhethekile kwesithombe, kuqondisa amehlo ombukeli. Umculi futhi kulesi sithombe bathola indawo yokubukeka nemininingwane, evamile ezimweni zansuku zonke. Wachaza uSt. Matthew, umqoqi wecala, obala imali nabasizi bakhe. Wonke amaqhawe emidwebo, ngaphandle kukaKristu nomPetru uPetru, agqoke izingubo zanamuhla zeCaravaggio. Ukuphatha komculi kutholakale inkulumo ekuboniseni ubuso bamaqhawe.

Ukuya emgomweni kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini

Amandla aphikisayo, angenakuqhathaniswa futhi agcweleyo abilayo - lokhu kuchazwa izazi-mlando kanye namlando-mlando-mlando Michelangelo Merizi. Waqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ubuqiniso, naphezu kokugxeka nokuphikiswa kwesonto. Umculi wadala imisebenzi yakhe ephawulekayo ngo-1600-1606. Lezi zihlanganisa izikhukhula "Umbono kaSawulu", "Ukufa Kwamphostoli Umphostoli uPetru", "The Dormition" nabanye. Lezi zithombe zavusa ukungavunyelwa kwesonto ngenxa yokuphambuka kwendlela eyamukelekile yesithombe, okungadingekile, ngokombono wezihlonishwa zamaKatolika, okuyiqiniso nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo.

Udumo futhi ubalekele eRoma

"Isikhundla ebhokisini" - omunye wemidwebo kaMichelangelo Caravaggio, ohlala naye isithombe esilandelayo ngokuhambisana nencazelo yebiography yomculi. Umphumela ongokomzwelo oqinile ngokweqile okhiqizwa ngendwangu, inkosi izuze ngosizo lokuphambene omnyama nomhlophe. Umsebenzi wadalwa isonto laseSanta Maria eVallicella eMzini Ongunaphakade. Isakhiwo esimangalisayo salesi simo ebhokisini lomzimba womsindisi sibhaliwe ngumculi ngamathoni amhlophe, abomvu nabomvu, ukuphikisana okukhulu okuphindaphinda umphumela kusuka ekudlaleni kokukhanya nesithunzi. Le ngxowa yabonwa njengomsebenzi owubuciko hhayi kuphela phakathi kwabamthandayo nabalandeli benkosi, kodwa nezitha zakhe.

Futhi kwakungaleso sikhathi, lapho uMichelangelo Caravaggio ehola udumo, leso siphetho salungiselela enye inselelo kumculi. Ngo-1606, kwadingeka abaleke eRoma ngemuva kwe-duel. Ukuphikisana phakathi nomdlalo webhola ibhekene nemiphumela ebulalayo: Caravaggio wabulala isitha futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye umuzi.

Iminyaka yamuva

Ukufihla ubulungiswa, lo mculi waqhubeka esebenza, nakuba izimo zokuphila kwakhe ngezinye izikhathi zaze zaba nzima kakhulu. E-Naples, wabhala "iMadonna ngebuhlalu," "Izenzo eziyisikhombisa zesihe." Isithombe sokugcina esivela ngenhla siyinhlanganisela yeziqephu eziningana ezihlukene. Naphezu kokubunjwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, i-tovas ayifuni izingxenye ezihlukene. Umculi wakwazi ukubhala izindaba zibe yinye.

E-Malta, ngemva kokuphikisana nenduna, uCaravaggio wathunyelwa ejele, wabe esebalekela eSicily. Imisebenzi yesikhathi sokugcina sempilo yenkosi ayigcinwe kahle. Imidwebo ephathelene nalesi sikhathi igcwele idrama. Lezi zihlanganisa "Ukugubha iSt. Lucia "," Isihloko sikaJohane uMbhapathizi "," Ukukhunjulwa kwaBelusi ". Lezi zithombe zihlanganisa isikhala sasebusuku, senze isizinda sesenzo esiyinhloko nokuhlukanisa ngokungafani, sibonisa izinhlamvu zendwangu.

Iminyaka yokugcina uCaravaggio wachitha lapho ehamba khona e-Sicily. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, waya eRoma, lapho athembiswa khona ekutholeni ukuxolelwa uPapa. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalesi sigameko kwakungekho ukuhlangana naye eceleni. Endleleni eya eMzini Ongunaphakade, umdwebi wagula. Wafa ePorto d'Ercole ngo-1610 evela emkhunjini.

Umculi wase-Italy uMichelangelo Caravaggio, ozogqoka izithombe zakhe zonke emlandweni wobuciko bekhulu le-XVII, waba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umdwebo. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi zingakhi eziningi zobuciko engakwazi ukuzenza, ungaphuli impilo yakhe eminyakeni engu-38. Noma kunjalo, nokuthi yini umculi okwazile ukuyidala, wamenza waba omunye wabamakhosi abahlonishwa kakhulu esikhathini esidlule. Ukuba ukhokho wenkolo yangempela, waphefumulela ukwakha ubuciko babaningi abadwebi abadumile baseYurophu aseYurophu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona uRubens, Rembrandt, Velasquez nabanye abaningi. Abalandeli bakaMichelangelo Merizi e-Italy baqala ukuzibiza ngokuthi ama-caravaggists, beka inkokhelo kuphayona lohlobo.